LIVING IN

STONE AGE

S A P I E N S M

L S

U I

C A P M

Y P R I N

E I N O

G N I M R A F I

A T

S O H T I L T U

E L

L I T H O S S O

V

M E T A L L U R G Y E

D U I S A P I E N S T M C Q K

F L K G H K L I T E S S N Q G

H U L G L H S G K A H I B W S

L C F J A J J J J P U M L E W

H Y S K P H H H I R J I U R N

G U E K E G J K K I D N E Y O

F E T K G H G N I M R A F H I

D W Y L K 1 R E W A W R U R T

S O H T I L D R I T Y O N G U

D J O S S F H K E W D G F L

K L I T H O S H J S H F F F O

S H K L E U O P E W W Q L H V

W M E T A L L U R G Y J F G E

Pre HISTORIC SETTLEME

NT

5billion-400 million years ago simple life forms originated in the sea.

400-200 years ago was the Age of Fish

200-70 million years ago was the Age of Reptiles

70-2 MILLION YEARS AGO

AGE OF MAMMALS

THE CRADLE

OF MANKIND

-40 million years ago it is believed

that two different species

of primates developed.

Missing link

HOMONIDS (manlike primates)

-Found in Siwalik Hills of India and

in Africa-Lived about 14

million years agoCHARACTERISTICS-Had a jaw which

did not jut out-Could pick up

stones and sticks to frighten enemies.

HOMONIDS (manlike primates)

LAETOLI-In 1975 Mrs.

Mary Leakey found what was

then believed the oldest relic of man beneath

volcanic ash at Laetolil ,

Tanzania, East Africa.

LUCY-a whole skeleton of a teenage girl was

discovered by Donald Johanson in

1974 at Hadar in the Afar Dessert .

-Australopithecus afarensis

CHARACTERISTICS:3 ½ feet tall head as

large as a softball and walked erect.

LUCY

Australophiticus

-Lived in eastern and Southern Africa 5 million years ago.CHARACTERISTICS:-his brain was as

small as a modern apes’s head but he walked straight and used simple tools such as bones and

sharp stones)

Zinjanthropus (east africa

man)-Found in Olduvai Gorge ,Tanzania ,Eas

t Africa in 1959CHARACTERISTI

CS:-1.75 billion,he was

about 4 feet tall ,walked

upright ,and had a samaller brain than

the “1470” man.Knows how to make crude stone

weapons.

1470 man or Lake Turkana Man

-his relics is consisted of a shattered skull and some leg

bones which were excavated in 1972at Lake Turkana Kenya,East

africa by Richard Leakey.CHARACTERISTICS:

-he is 2 million years old,was about five feet tall and had a

brain double size of Chimpanzee’s brain .He made the

first true tools by striking and sharpening stones.

HOMO ERECTUS (UPRIGHT MAN) BETWEEN ABOUT 1.89 MILLION AND 143,000 YEARS AGO

•

-Walked straight- made stone weapons- used fire- hunted large animals- Northern, Eastern, and Southern Africa; Western Asia (Dmanisi, Republic of Georgia); East Asia (China and Indonesia)- Thickest skull, no chin, protruding jaw, low and heavy braincase, thick brow ridges

Silhouette of Homo erectus pelvis. Image courtesy of Karen Carr Studios

The pelvis and thigh bones of Homo erectus are similar to modern humans, and show that this early human was able to walk long distances.

Homo erectus (left) and Homo sapiens (right)

Homo erectus from Southeast Asia

Homo sapiens   (modern human)

• IMAGE CREDIT: MATT FINARELLI, HUMAN ORIGINS PROGRAM

Nickname:  Java ManSite: Trinil, Java, Indonesia

Date of discovery: 1891

Discovered by:  Eugene 

Dubois (1858-1940)

Age: Between 1 million and 

700,000 years old

Species: homo erectus

Zhoukoudian, situated 50 kilometers to the southwest of Beijing proper

PEKING MAN

Davidson Black   (1884-1934)  

"Peking Man" skull

Peking man teeth from 1949 to 1951

HEIGHT:  1.6 m (5 ft 3 in) tall weighT: 48 kg (106 lb)

Nickname:  Turkana BoySite:  Nariokotome, West Turkana, KenyaDate of discovery:  1984Discovered by:  Kamoya KimeuAge:  About 1.6 million years agoSpecies:  Homo erectus

An average adult male Neanderthal stood only about  (5 ft 4 in) tall.generally shorter more muscular bodies than modern humans nose was broad and largeBrain size- averaged 1500 cubic centimetres 

Nickname: Cro-Magnon ManSite: Cro-Magnon, FranceDate of discovery: 1868Discovered by: Louis LaretAge: About 30,000 years oldSpecies: homo sapiens

skilled hunters, toolmakers and artists tall like modern humans Average brain size:about 1,350 milliliters (same as today)

Cave painting of a horse at LascauxCave paintings of mammoth made by Cro Magnons.

PERIODS OF

PRE-HISTORY

“LITHOS”STONE

AGE

•From “palaios lithos”

• It was the period when the Java Man ,Peking Man , Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon Man existed

They learned how to

-make tools and weapons out of rough stones such as axes ,arrowheads ,hammers ,hatches , chisels ,javelins ,and harpoon.

PALEOLITHIC AGE (3,750,000-8,000B.C.)

They began to- use personal ornaments ,to paint pictures and carve figures on clay , bone , and ivory.They lived by -hunting ,fishing, and gathering wild fruits ,nuts ,and edible roots. They lived in caves but later build crude huts. Greatest Achievement The discovery of fire

Palaeolithic flint hand axe.  Large Ovate. 153mm x 98 mm.Found at Warsash, Hampshire. Age possibly more than 100,000 years.

Palaeolithic flint hand axe. A large pointed ficron. 194mm x 116mm Found at Warsash, Hampshire. Age possibly more than 100,000 years.

Mesolithic

period in human development between the end of the Paleolithic period and the beginning of the Neolithic period

known as "Middle Stone Age“ beginnings of both settled communities and farming the invention of the bow and arrow Domestication of animals began with domestication

of dogs Rock art paintings and carvings increasingly depict

human communal activities as well as animals They invented many new tools, including

the Tranchet adze, a carpentry tool designed to make fishing platforms, boats, and perhaps houses.

A Mesolithic tranchet adze from Hampshire. This carpentry tool is designed to be re-sharpened by taking an additional crossswise (tranchet) flake across the working tip of the tool.Found in Hampshire. Age around 8,000 years. 151mm x 48mm, 406 gms.

Another finely struck blade From Sussex. About 8,000 years old.76mm x30mm, 30 gms. Again, no discernible curvature over its full length.

This beautiful little blade measures only 33mm x 15mm and weighs only 1.3gms. Probably made for microlith production.From Sussex. About 8,000 years old.

This blade is only 28mm x 14mm and weighs 2.2 gms. Again, probably intended as a microlith blank (see below).From Sussex. About 8,000 years old.

COMPARING STONE AGES

NEOLITHIC People abandoned semi-

nomadic life and began farming

Agricultural revolution was a progression of the “Great Leap Forward”

planting of crops domesticating of animals Better tools & weapons

Neolithic flint arrow head from the South Downs. 46mm x 19mm x4.5mm, 3.8gmsAround 5,000 years old.

Neolithic flake notched at both edges.48mm x 35mm x 16mm, 32gmsAround 5,000 years old.

Long Neolithic flake retouched as knife or side scraper.73mm x 44mm x19mm, 48gms.Around 5,000 years old.

Thick Neolithic blade, possibly used as side scraper and end scraper.69mm x 34mm x21mm, 52gms.Around 5,000 years old.

STONEHENGE

*Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain in EnglandCreated 2800-1500 BCE

*Stonehenge is an example of a Neolithic megalith (megalith = Greek for “big stones”)

*Exact purpose is unknown: religious rituals, agricultural markers or astronomical observatories?

PALEOLITHIC

NEOLITHIC

BRONZE AGE  3,300-1,200 B.C. characterized by the introduction of metal and metal

implements into human society  surge in metallurgy(the science of metals: their

extraction from ores, purification and alloying, heat treatment, and working)

During the Bronze Age, cultures such as the Sumerian, Babylonian, and Egyptian produced hallmark artistic and architectural achievements.

According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Egypt (hieroglyphs), the Near East (cuneiform), and the Mediterranean, with the Mycenaean culture (Linear B), had viable writing systems.

IRON AGE  marked by the use of iron implements, tools,

and weapons Other than iron, steel was also used during

the period. The period where people use iron as the main

material for the cutting tools and weapons as their civilization and their culture.

areas that skipped the Bronze Age and directly evolved to the Iron Age from the Stone Age(South Pacific, the interior of Africa and some areas of North and South America.)

FARMING

WEAPONS

This drawing uses Lamarckian evolution theory to predict  the result of future human evolution. Lamarck's discredited theory proposed that living things evolved out of necessity. So, this future human exhibits features accordingly. This drawing is utterly inconsistent with present-day, Darwinian evolution theory. Instead of making predictions based on strident presumptive logic, modern evolution theory recognizes the power of unpredictable environmental circumstances that have the potential to produce unexpected results.

Interpretation: There is no reason to suspect future humans will be much different from us.

/ http://anthro.palomar.edu/homo2/mod_homo_4.htmhttp://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/walkinghttp://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/brainshttp://anthro.palomar.edu/homo/homo_2.htmhttp://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/fossils/cro-magnon-1http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/homo-neanderthalensishttp://humanorigins.si.edu/human-characteristics/bodies

http://www.stoneagetools.co.uk/mesolithic-tools.htmhttp://www.stoneagetools.co.uk/neolithic-gallery.htm http://www.stoneagetools.co.uk/palaeolithic-tools.htm https://www.boundless.com/art-history/prehistoric-art/advancements-in-metallurgy-and-stonework/the-bronze-agehttp://www.essential-humanities.net/history-overview/stone-bronze-iron-ages/

Photo Credits to

THANK YOU.

LOUISE ANNE HORA LIDEM

CAMILLE MAPA COMPLATIVO