Pre-Dice Throw II-2 - Defense Technical Information Center

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/,LEYVt:ISMIC MEASUREMENTS FOR THEPRE-DICE THROW fI-1 (TNT SHOT),\

PRE-DICE THROW11-2 (AN/FO SHOT) AND DICE THROW EVENTS.

' A. M: RPENING and AR. /LISKOW)ApgI1cattons Division :*

Resources and Technology GroupENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MIC'JIGAN

P. 0. Box 8618Ann Arbor, MI 48107 //

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AIR FORCE OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHBuilding 410, Bolling Air Force Base

Washington, D. Co 20332Contract No. F44620-76-C-0077

Technical Monitor: Mr. William J. Best

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NOTICES

Sponsorship. The work repofted herein was conducted by the

Environmental Research-Institute of Michigan for Air Force Office

of Scientific Research, Contract No. F44620-76-C-0077. Contracts and

grants, to the Institute for the support of sponsored research are

administered through the Office of Contracts Administration.

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PREFACE

The work reported here was conducted under two Air Force Office of

Scientific Research (AFOSR) contracts F44620-76-C-0019 and F44620-76-C-

0077. The principal investigator was Dr. Roger Turpening under the

direction of the Infrared and Optics Laboratory.

The field crew members who contributed greatly to this multi-year

effort are Mr. John Baumler, Mr. Leo Levereault, Mr. Jim Ladd, Mr.

William Juodawlkis, Mr. David Zuk, Mr. Richard Valade, Mr. Mark Bondy,

Mr. Hugh Bennett, Mr. Ernie Kraudelt. The surveying work of Capt. A.

Schenker and Capt. Louis Karably and Dr. Robert Reinke of the Air Force

Weapons Laboratory (AFWL) is greatly appreciated.

iI

iii .,".

PREFACE


Scientific esearch (AFOSR) contracts F44620-76-C-0019 and F44620-76-C-

0077. The principal investigator was Dr. Roger Turpening under the








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PREFACE


ScientificResearch (AFOSR) contracts F44620-76-C-0019 and F44620-76-C-

0077. -The principal investigator was Dr. Roger Turpening under the








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CONTENTS

LIST OF TABLES iv

LIST OF FIGURES v

1. INTRODUCTION 1

2. SEISMIC STATIONS 3

2.1 Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT Shot)

2.2 Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)2.3 Dice Thro,

3. STRUCTURE FROM BODY WAVE TRAVEL TIMES 5

3.1 Travel Times from Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot)3.2 Travel Times from Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)3.3 Travel Times from Dice Throw

3.4 Structure

4. AMPLITUDES 9

4.1 Measurement Techniques

4.2 Discussion of Amplitudes4.2.1 Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT Shot)4.2.2 Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)4.2.3 Dice Throw

5. SUMMARY 13

REFERENCES 99

APPENDIX - SEISMOGRAMS FROM THE PRE-DICE THROW I1-, (TNT Event)PRE-DICE THROW 11-2 (AN/FO Event), AND DICE TiROWEVENTS 100

DISTRIBUTION LIST 114

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Seismograph Stations for Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot) 21

2 P-Wave Travel Times, Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot),

South Sites 22

3 P-Wave Etructure in the Queen 15 Area of White SandsMissile Range, Derived from the First Arrivals from

the Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot) and Pre-Dice

Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot) 23

4 Description of Measurement Criteria. 24

5 Various Displacement and Particle Velocity Curves Used

for Association with Rayleigh Wave Data in this Report 25

6 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT Shot)

Vertical Component, North Sites 26

7 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1

(TNT Shot), Vertical Component, North Sites. 27

8 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT

Shot), Longitudinal Component, North Sites 28

9 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw II-I

(TNT Shot), Longitudinal Component, North Sites 29

10 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT

Shot), Vertical Component, South Sites 30

11 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1(TNT Shot), Vertical Component, South Sites 31

12 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1(TNT Shot), Longitudinal Component, South Sites 32

13 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw HL-i(TNT Shot), Longitudinal Component, South Sites 33

14 Rayleigh Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1(TNT Shot), North Sites 34

15 Rayleigh Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw li-i

(TNT Shot), North Sites 35

vi

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

16 Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot)

Rayleigh Waves, South Sites 36

17 Rayleigh Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice ThrowII-1 (TNT Shot), South Sites 37

18 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayeligh Wave,Pre-Dice Throw ll-1 (TNT Shot), North Sites 38

19 Particle Displacement for Fundamental Mode Rayligh Wave,Pre-Dice Throw HI-1 (TNT Shot), North Sites 39

20 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,

Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot), South Sites 40

21 Particle Displacement for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh

Wave, Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot), South Sites 41

22 Seismograph Stations for Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO

Shot) 42

23 P-Wave Travel Times, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot),South Sites 43

24 P-Wave Travel Times, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot),North and Northwest Sites 44

25 P-Wave Travel Times, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot),Northeast Sites 45

26 P-Wave Travel Times, Pre-Dice Throw 11-1 (TNT Shot)and 11-2 (AN/FO Shot), South, North, and Northeast

Sites 46

27 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO

Shot), Vertical Component, North Sites and East Sites 47

28 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2(AN/FO Shot), Vertical Component, North and East Sites 48

29 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FOShot), Longitudinal Compcient, North and East Sites 49

30 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot) Longitudinal Component, North and East Sites 50


Shot), Vertical Component, South Sites 51

vii

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

32 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN!

FO Shot), Vertical Component, South Sites 52


Shot), Longitudinal Component, South Sites 53

34 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2

(AN/FO Shot), Longitudinal Component, South Sites 54

35 Particle Velocity for Rayleigh Wave, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2

(AN/FO Shot), South Sites 55

36 Particle Displacement for Rayleigh Wave, Pre-Dice Throw11-2 (AN/FO Shot), South Sites 56

37 Particle Velocity for Rayleigh Wave, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2(AN/FO Shot), North and Northeast Sites 57

38 Particle Displacement for Rayleigh Wave, Pre-Dice Throw11-2 (AN/FO Shot), North and Northeast Sites 58

39 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot), South Sites 59

40 Particle Displacement for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh

Wave, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot), South Sites 60

41 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot), North and Northeast 61

Sites

42 Particle Displacement for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shcc), North and Nortneast 62

Sites

43 Seismograph Stations for Dice Throw Event 63

44 P-Wave Travel Times, Dice Throw, East Sites 64

45 P-Wave Travel Times, Dice Throw, South Sites 65

46 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Dice Throw, VerticalComponent, South Sites 66

47 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Dice Throw, Vertical

Component, South Sites 67

viii

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

48 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Dice Throw, LongitudinalComponent, South Sites. 68

i 49 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Dice Throw, LongitudinalComponent, South Sites 69

50 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Dice Throw, VerticalComponent, East Sites. 70

51 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Dice Throw, VerticalComponent, East Sites 71

52 P-Wave Particle Velocity, Dice Throw, LongitudinalComponent, East Sites 72

53 P-Wave Particle Displacement, Dice Throw, Longitudinal

Component, East Sites 73

54 Particle Velocity for Rayleigh Wave, Dice Throw,

South Sites. 74

55 Particle Displacement for Rayleigh Wave, Dice Throw,South Sites. 75

S6 Particle Velocity for Rayleigh Wave, Dice Throw, East

Sites. 76

5. Particle Displacement for Rayleigh Wave, Dice Throw,East Sites. 77

58 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,Dice Throw, South Sites. 78

59 Particle Displacement for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,Dice Throw, South Sites. 79

0 Particle Velocity for Fundamental Mode Rayleigh Wave,

Dice Throw, East Sites. 80

61 Paiticle Displacement for Fundamental Mode RayleighWave, Dice Throw, East Sites 81

62 Plan View of Position of All P and SH RefractionProfiles in the Queen 15 Area. 82

ix

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

63 SH Wave Data from the Long Refraction Profile inFigure 62. 83

64 P-Wave Travel Times for Long Line (4 Segments)Shown in Figure 62. 84

65 P (a) and SH Wave (3) Structure Along the LongRefraction Profile Shown in Figure 62. 85

66 SH Travel Time Curve for Long Refraction Profile inFigure 62. 86

67 SH Velocity () Structure Near Queen 15 Area WhiteSands Missile Range. 87

68 Position of Short P and SH Refraction Profiles atGZ-5 (Queen 15 Area). 88

69 Calibration Lines: P-Waves 89

70 Calibration Lines: SH-Waves 90

71 Crater Line I: P-Waves 91

72 Crater Line I: SH-Waves 92

73 Crater Line II: P-Waves 93

74 Crater Line II: SH-Waves 94

75 Plan View of Three Short P and SH RefractionProfiles Near Ground Zero Area (GZ-5) of Pre-DiceThrow I Area. 95

76 3-D Model of Data Given in Figure 75. 96

77 Ray Tracing Attempt to Determine Crater SizeAlong Crater Line II 97

78 Ray Tracing Attempt to Determine Crater SizeAlong Crater Line II 98

APPENDIX FIGURES A-1 THROUGH A-13 101-113

x

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

1 P-Wave Data, Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot),August 1974 15

2 P-Wave Data, Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot),September 1975 17

3 P-Wave Data, Dice Throw, 1976 19

[

1

xi

INTRODUCTION

During 1975 and 1976 three large chemical explosions of the Pre-

Dice Throw and Dice Throw series were detonated on the surface at the

White Sands Missile Range, New Mexico. The data for these explosions

are a--4w:

Pre-Dice Throw I-1 (TNT Shot)

12 August 197516:59:59.801 Z

100 tons of TNT

320 22' 43.8536" N

1060 21' 52.4406" W

Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)

22 September 197520:00:00.0 Z120 tons of ANFO

330 22' 51.2754" N

1060 21' 47.8485" W

Dice Throw

6 October 197615:00:00.0 Z620 tons of ANFO330 40' 48." N

1060 31' 06." W

Thk reportypresents the results of some seismic field measure-

ments over the distance range of 0.91 km (3,000 ft) to 17.7 km (58,000

ft). The P waves and Rayleigh waves from the, events are described

(travel times and amplitudes) in this report. One of the predominant

features of the seismograms was the presence of a very large amplitude,

low velocity, fundamental mode Rayleigh wave. This wave had a velocity

only slightly greater than the speed of sound in air. The implications

of this low phase velocity for the local structure is given by Reinke

(1977) and w-i4l! not Ne treated here. The maximum amplitudes observed O

1

.. for this phase, as well as the amplitudes of the higher mode Rayleigh

waves are given(hen e. A

A different, but related, study is also described in this work.

A series of P and SH refraction profiles were performed near the ground

zero area (GZ-5) for the Pre-Dice Throw II-1 event. These data were

collected to address twc different problems.

First, the nature of the dispersion curve of the large amplitude

fundamental mode Rayleigh wave needed considerable study. Reinke

needed S wave velocities in order to conduct that study and the

Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM) provided those

velocities by means of a long (1.52 km) double-ended SH refraction

profile. For completeness P wave data was also collected. One leg of

the profile extends further to a range of 1.83 km. Good SH velocities

were obtained to a depth of approximately 0.43 km (1,400 ft), while

the P wave data reaches a depth of approximately 0.12 km.

Three short P and SH profiles were deployed in the GZ-5 area to

study the feasibility of using P and SH refraction data to determine the

size of the altered region around a large explosion.

2

2

SEISMIC STATIONS

2.1 PRE-DICE THROW II-i (TNT Shot)

Figure 1 shows the position of the seismometers for Pre-Dice Throw

II-1 within theQueeii 15 area of the White Sands Missile Range. The

distances from ground zero (GZ-5) to the seismometers are given in

Table 1. The array of seismometers tends "along the axis" of the

Tularosa Basin. The north end of the array covers some of the "nose"

of the Basin where the sedimentary layers form a monocline up towards

Mockingbird Cap.

The types of seismometers and their response curves are given in

a previous report (Turpening, 1976). For the purposes of this report

it is sufficient to say that the four seismometers nearest the event

(N3000 and S3000; N5000 and S5000) are special low sensitivity three-

component seismorneters (0.11 volts/cm/sec) whereas the remaining three

component seismometers have a high sensitivity of 22.05 volts/cm/sec.

The data from the sites (N5000, N3000, S3000, S5000, S8700) closest to

the event were recorded on a single digital tape recorder at a sample

rate of 300 samples/second. The data from the other sites were

recorded on analog tape recorders.

2.2 PRE-DICE THROW 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)

Figure 22 shows the position of the seismometers for the Pre-Dice

Throw 11-2 event. Again the closest five (5) sites were hardwired to the

digital tape recorder. The position of the,e five sets were unchanged

from the previous event. The orientation of each three-componen, seismo-

meter was changed to "point" the longitudinal toward the new ground

zero area (GZ-6). Three new stations were occupied along Highway 8.

The two stations at NW 70 and Ben Site were placed there in anticipation

of the 620 ton event (Dice Throw) in 1976. The type of seismometers

used were the same as for Pre-Dice Throw I-I. Table 2 gives the

distances from each site to the event.

3

2.3 DICE THROW

Figure 43 displays the position of the seismic stations used for

the Dice Throw event. Here the low sensitivity (Mark Products LIO-B)

seismometers were placed at 6000 East, 8500 East, 6000 South and

8500 South. All other sites used the high sensitivity (Hall Sears

HS-10-2) seismometers. The Ben Site was reoccupied.

4

3

STRUCTURE FROM BODY WAVE TRAVEL TIMES

3.1 TRAVEL TIMES FROM PRE-DICE THROW II-i (TNT Shot)

The travel times for the P wave for this event are given in

Table 1 and Figure 2. The travel time curve shown in Figure 2 has

been fit by eye to the data. The data point at 35,000 feec appears

to be a late pick but Figure 26 shows that it is merely on the next

branch of the travel time curve.

3.2 TRAVEL TIMES FROM PRE-DICE THROW 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)

The travel times for Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 are given in Table 2 and

Figures 23, 24, and 25. In Figure 26 we display the P wave travel time

data from both events.

3.3 TRAVEL TIMES FROM DICE THROW

The travel times for the Dice Throw event are given in Table 3 and

Figures 44 and 45.

3.4 STRUCTURE

The travel times from Dice Throw II-1 and 11-2 provide a coarse

look at the structure of the Tularosa Basin. Near surface details are

provided in two steps, by the refraction profiles around the ground

zero area (GZ-5) for Pre-Dice Throw II-1. These shorter profiles are

also of two wave types (P and SH).

The travel times from the Pre-Dice Throw II-1 and 11-2 events do not

yield the first layer velocities because of the coarse station spacing,

therefore, the structures shown in Figure 3 use the average of the near

surface P wave velocities from the three shorc profiles around GZ-5.

This velocity (1.78 km/sec) is the velocity observed for the alluvium

below the water table. We observed very few data points for the dry

5

alluvium since the water table is very close to the surface in the

Quuen 15 area. Adding a thin layer of dry alluvium to the structures

in Figure 3 would make no measureable difference in the deep structure.

We show in Figure 3 two structures which are very similar; the

only difference being the velocity of the third layer. One structure

represents The region south of the shot points while the other depicts

the structure to the northeast of the Queen 15 area. The P wave velo-

city (a) of the third layer, the top of which is at a dapth of

approximately one kilometer is 4.88 km/sec to the south while 4.4 km/sec

to the northeast. This probably is not a major difference, but rather

reflects some local dip to that layer.

The second layer (a = 2.56 km/sec) in both models obviously does

not show the detail obtained on the double ended profiles shown in

Figure 65 and 67. The depth to the top of the second layer is

consistent among the three P wave measurements since the P wave double

ended profile shows a dip to the northwest and since the position of

this profile is between (see Figure 62) the seismic stations to the

south of GZ-5 and those stations to the northeast of GZ-6.

The more shallow structure in the Queen 15 area is given in

Figures 63 through 67. There we see the SH data (Figure 63), SH travel

time curve (Figure 66) and SI1 structure (Figure 67). The SH structure

has been derived by Reinke (1977). An additional interpretation of the

second layer is given in the dashed lines. These indicate the faulted

structure seen in the P wave data. The deeper SH structure, the low

velocity zone, and higher S! velocity (1.38 km/sec) under it is not seen

on the P wave data because the profile was not long enough. Stated

differently this means that our profile of 1.52 km in length was able to

"penetrate" to a depth greater than one half a kilometer for the SH

structure but only about one tenth of a kilometer for P waves. The

reason is simply the difference in velocities. Not only are the

6

velocity ratios involved but also the absolute value of the velocities.

In the example shown below one can see that the P wave break point

between the second layer and the half space occurs outside the geophone

spread. Therefore, we never see the X3 arrivals as first arrivals.

However, because 1 and 1 are large (slopes areH a s l -r

steep) therefore we see the 3 arrivals as first arrivals.

I -

.5 01 01-

.4U

Time (sec).2

. 1 .2 .3 .4 . 5f d i s t a n c e ( k) .9 1 . 0 . 1 1 . 2 1 . 3

SEnd of Spread

3 a3

Source S Velocity P Velocity

. J.21 km i = .40 km/sec a1 .7 km/sec

•50 km 13= 1.2 km/sec a2 = 2.1 km/sec

13 = 2.0 km/sec 2 3 = 3.5 km/sec

3

(U7

This observation is clearly shown in the three very shallow profiles

done in and near GZ-5. Here the object was to see if the P and SH data

could delineate the region of material altered by the explosion.

In the vicinity of the Pre-Dice Throw II-1 ground zero area (GZ-5)

special seismic studies were conducted in October 1976. They involved a

close look at the P and SH structure in the area. The work was divided

into two parts. First the work of Reinke and Herrin at SMU required know-

ledge of the S wave structure in the area to a depth of approximately

0.4 km (3000 ft). To achieve that goal a double-ended refraction profile

was deployed east, southeast of GZ-5 (Figure 62). The profile was 1.521 km

(5000 ft) long with an extension of 0.3 km (1000 ft) by adding data beyond

the north shot point and into the GZ-5 area. Good SH data was obtained

along the entire profile (Figure 63) from ERIM's gun type shear wave

generator. P wave data was also gathe:ced with routine use of buried

explosives. The P and SH data are displayed in Figure 64 and Figure 66.

The SH data was used by Reinke (1976) (unpublished PhD Thesis) to deter-

mine the structural control (Figure 67) for the fundamental mode Rayleigh

wave. The P wave data is studied with the SH data because of the current

need to understand the full use of such data in rubblization work. More

specifically, recent work (Toksoz, Cheng, and Timur, 1976; O'Connell and

Budiansky, 1974) have shown that given "before" and "after" P and S wave

data one can determine something about the porosity or crack density

and degree of saturation of an altered portion of rock.

Using the same shear wave generator three short profiles (P and

SH) were done very near GZ-5 (Figure 68). These profiles are shown

in Figures 69-74, and a statement of the results shown in Figure 75

and 76. It is clear that the altered rock or sediments in the vicinity

of GZ-5 are seen by means of the low SH velocities. Even though there

is scatter in the calibration line data (this would be eliminated in

any future work by means of a strict before and after deployment), it

is clear that nowhere are the Sli velocities as low as they are near

GZ-5.

8

4

AMPLITUDES

4.1 MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE

Three different seismic wave amplitude measurements were made on

the explosion data (see Appendix for the wave forms of the explosion

events). P wave measurements were made, "normal" Rayleigh wave

amplitudes were taken and the amplitude of the late, large arrival was

taken. This arrival was determined by Herrin and Reinke (1976, personal

communication) to be the fundamental mode Rayleigh wave. In the data

that follows it is labelled as such. The "normal" Rayleigh wave

consists of the higher mode components. This is labelled here simply

as Rayleigh wave data. We present both particle velocity and displace-

ment data.

The P wave data were read as indicated in Figure 4 by measure-

ments(A) and (B). This convention was adopted by many investigators

during the early years of nuclear explosion seismology. It is usedhere as a convenient standard. For the (A) measurement the period

associated with that is four times the time seen from the first break

to the first peak. The frequency quoted is the reciprocal of that

period. Th-s measurement is obviously less certain than the (B)

measurement since one must make a judgement of the first break time.

The period associated with a (B) measurement is twice the time between

the two measurement points (the plus peak to the minus peak). For the

Rayleigh waves the maximum peak to peak measurement was taken on the

seismogram. The displacement for that measurement was then calculated.

The frequency for the calculation was obtained just as in the (B) data,

for P waves. We duplicated all of these measurement, for the

longitudinal and the transverse seismograms for the surface waves.

To aid in the understanding of the data certain arbitrary

functions of amplitude and distance are placed on che graphs. The

choice of these curves is arbitrary and is intended to aid the eye

9

1in drawing out differences. For P wave data we display a function

rfor comparison. Only the slope of the curve should be observed,

the position of the curve has been arbitrarily chosen. The Rayleigh

wave data is displayed with curves derived from Zbur's (personal

communication) displacement curves for a 100 ton surface explosion.

As shown in Figure 5 several curves are used. A particle velocity

curve was derived from a displacement curve by selecting a frequency (f)

common to most of the data on the graph and multiplying the displacement

values for all distances by 21if (i.e., the curve is moved upward).

When scaling from the 100 ton surface explosion to the 620 ton

surface explosion (Dice Throw) we chose a displacement amplitude scaling

exponent of 1/2. Much literature exists on the scaling of underground

amplitudes as a function of charge weight (e.g., Rodean, 1971), but

little exists on surface blasts. Thus the value of 1/2 is tested here.

Figures 6 through 21 display the P wave and Rayleigh wave

amplitude data from Pre-Dice Throu II-i. The Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 amplitude

data is given in Figures 27 through 42 and th( Dice Throw amplitudes

are shown in Figures 46 through 61.

4.2 DISCUSSION OF AMPLITUDES

4.2.1 Pre-Dice Throw II-1 (TNT Shot)

The P wave particle velocity measurements are

merely a direct conversion of A and B measurements from the seismograms

since they (the seismograms) do, in fact present particle velocity. The

displacement data are calculated from the particle velocity data. The1

particle velocity data follow a I- relationship very nicely whereasr3

the displacement data do not. The close-in displacement data are

generally low. This would lead one to state that the close-in data were

clipped at the seismometer, however, no indication of that exists in

any of the waveforms. It is clear that Lhe particle velocity of the

close-in stations are high because the frequency of those P waves is high.

10

If one examines only the (B) measurement one finds that the attenuation

to the south is much less than that to the north. This observation

holds true for the overall particle velocity level of the higher mode

Rayleigh waves also. Compare Figure 14 with Figure 16, note that

we had to use curve D to "fit" the data to the south whereas curve C

fits quite well to the north. Curve D differs from curve C by a

factor of approximately 3. The fundamental mode Rayleigh data do not

show this difference. The data to the north and to the south seem

equally distributed about curve C.

4.2.2 Pre-Dice Throw 11-2 (AN/FO Shot)

The P wave particle velocity data do indicate that the

close-in measurements are clipped. With those data in quotes we see

that again the attenuation to the south is less than that to the north

and east. With the higher mode Rayleigh waves we see that the particle

velocities at the north and northeast sites exceed the C curve and the

displacements exceed Zbur's curve. The fundamental mode is also greater

in displacement amplitude and particle velocity but not as great a

departure as that of the higher modes. One can see that Pre-Dice Throw II-1

exceeded 11-2 by approximately a factor of 1.11 (P wa\ve displacement

ratio). This represents a ratio of explosive charge of 1.22 if an

exponent of 1/2 is used or 1.37 if an exponent of 1/3 is used.

4.2.3 Dice Throw

The P wave amplitude data are very well behaved for the

Dice Throw event. The observation can be made that at approximately

9 km from the source (to the south) we see a grouping of amplitudes

that could arise from the junction of two branches of the travel time

curve. These stations are ilso the ones leading up to and in Mockingbird

Gap. Therefore, one would expect much less attenuation in this area

and resulting grouping of data. The limited amount of data to the east1

is nontheless very well represented by the I decay rate. If we assume

11

that spherical spreading holds for the P wave here then the remaining

attenuation can be described by an absorption coefficient a = 0.000083/km

where a enters as:

A.= A (1 n -iwarAi or

n = 1, for spherical spreading

w = 27f

For the problem of weight scaling the surface waves, the nigher modes

seem best scaled as

(wl) 1/2

where w and w2 are the weights of the explosives

for the sites east of the event,but a coefficient of 1/3 is better

for the data to the south. On the fundamental mode Rayleigh we-1.9 -4.9

must alter the rate of decay from Zbur's r to r and then

we see that a weight scaling coefficient of 1/2 is good.

12

A

5

SUMMARY

The key observa.-_ons in this report are:

1) The cravel time data from the three events yields a siiiple

three-layer structure for the Tularosa Basin. The long P

wave refraction profile adds knowledge of local dip and twi

faults to the southeast of GZ-5 and GZ-6. The SH profile,

however, shows not only these faults and dip but also gives

support to the idea of a low velocity zone in the area.

At this time we cannot say whether that low velocity zone

affects both the P and SH velocities or the SH velocity

alone since the detailed long P wave refraction profile did

not go deep enough.

2) Shear wave (SH) waved refraction work is now routine for

spread lengths up to 1.5 km in length. It must be made

clear that SH not SV profiles are routine. This is unfortunate

since the SV velocities are required for Rayleigh wave

velocity computations. Jolly (1956) has shown that the shear

wave velocity in a layered medium is a function of polarization.

The SH wave, as seen in this report, is easier to observe

because it can be recorded on transverse horizontal geophones

with little P wave contamination. The SV wave must be

recorded on either longitudinal geophones or vertical

geophones both of which easily record the P wave and, therefore

contaminate the SV arrival time.

3) As a seismic source function Pre-Dice Throw II-1 was slightly

(weight ratio of 1.22) larger than Pre-Dice Throw 11-2.

4) The Dice Throw event data support a weight scaling coefficent

of 1/2 for sites to the east but a coefficient of 1/3 to the

south.

13

5) When viewed in graphical form the fundamental mole Rayleigh

wave is not strikingly greater than the peak-to-peak measure-

ment of the higher mode Rayleigh wave seen in seisriorams.

6) The P wave data from the Dice Throw event show an tLverall

rate of decay very close to the -- and, therefore, -, absorption

coefficient of a = 0.000083/km is appropriate foi the i econd

layer in the Trinity area.

7) The very short P and SH profiles in the vicinity of GZ-5,

Queen 15 area show the value of SH measurements. Over the

0.3 km spread lengths the P wave wave data gives no

indication whatsoever (probably due to the high water table)

of an altered area of alluvium. The SH data show a distinctly

lower velocity in the region around GZ-5. Furthermore, the

SH data show a great deal of scatter in travel times that is

related to the detailed earth structure and not the usual

difficulty in reading S wave arrival times.

14

P-WAVE DATAPRE DICE THROW Il-1- AUGUST 1975

Travel True Part!-'- Velocity Particle Frequency

Time Distance (cm, c) Displacement (Hz)Site (ft) (sec) (ft) A B A (cm) B A B

N10,OOOV poor wwv 10,000 ... ... ...

R --- --- __ --- --- --

N15,OOOV poor wwv 15,000 .061 .091 .00078 .00088 12 17

R .0168 .028 .00024 .00027 12 17

N25,000V poor wwv 25,000 .0056 .0126 .00056 .0017 2 1

R .0112 .0211 .0011 .0020 2 1

S15,OOOV 1.6 15,000 .02510 .357 .00063 .0051 6 11 1

R .0168 .05 .0006 .0007 4 11

$25,OOOV 2.24 25,000 ... ... .........

R --- ..--....

$35,OOOV 3.17 35,000 .. ..--- ---.

R --- --- ---... .

V = Vertical Seismoneters

R = Radial Seismometers TABLE 1.

15

P-Wave DataPRE-DICE THROW II-i- August 1975

Travel True Particle Velocity Particle FrequencyTime Distance (cm/sec) Displacement (Hz)

Site (ft) (sec) (ft) A B A (cm) B A B

S 3000 V .406 3000 .224 2.46 .001 .0136 25 29

R .169 1.58 .002 .0087 17 29

S 5000 V .703 5000 .168 1.062 .002 .0100 17 17

R .055 .335 .0005 .0032 17 17

S 8700 V 1.099 8700 .246 .524 .0046 .0045 8 18

.089 .212 .0017 .0020 8 17

N 3000 V .396 3000 .335 1.006 .0032 .0063 17 25

R .335 1.68 .0063 .0106 8 25

N 5000 V data di.turted by a zero time spike 'rom a neighborlng experimento

R

V = Vertical Seismometers

[ABLE 1. (Continued)R = Radial Seismometers

16

P-Wave Data

PRE-DICE THROW 11-2 - September 1975

Travel True Particle Velocity Particle FrequencyTime Distance (cm/sec) D)isplacement (Hz)


N 1000 V --- 9200 .136 .338 .0051 .0085 4 6

R .0592 .167 .0030 .0052 3 5

7000 - 13,250 .0932 .165 .0035 .0036 4 7

R .0168 .0449 .0006 .0022 4 3

14000 V 2.1428 19,600 .01 .0248 .0003 .0003 6 13

R .00355 .0070 .0001 .0001 5 10

21000 V 2.6 26,350 .0044 .01 .0002 .0002 4 10

R .0019 .00589 .0001 .0001 6 10

NW 70 V 3 33,300 .0002 .00747 .0001 .0002 4 7

R .00154 .00547 .o001 .0002 4 4

BEN V 4.16 58,000 .0067 .0226 .0002 .0009 6 4

R .0078 .0167 .0003 .0007 4 4

V - Vertical Seismometers

R = Radial Setsmometers TABLE 2

17

P-Wave DataPRE-DICE THROW 11-2 - September 1975



S 8700 V 1.586 10500 .15 .396 .0038 .0047 6 14

R .0669 .178 .0017 .0021 6 14

5 5000 V 1.222 5800 .126 .478 .0020 .0)60 10 13

R .042 .190 .007 .0024 10 13

S 3000 V .916 3800 .042 .0842 .0009 .0015 7 9

R .0140 .042 .0003 .0006 7 11

N 3000 V .764 2200 .017 .165 .0003 ,.0016 8 17

R .00895 .057 .0002 .0005 8 17

N 5000 V .995 4100 .0843 .056 .0012 .0003 11 34

R .056 .056 .0007 .0003 13 34

V = Vertical SeLismometers

R = Radial Sc ismometers iABLL 2. (Cont 1ed)

18

P-Wave DataDICE THROW - 1976



E 12000 V .956 12,000 .0839 .0979 .0013 .0012 10 13

R .0280 .0280

E 8500 V .66 8,500 .197 .449 .0037 .0049 8 15

R .0843 .169 .0016 .0019 8 15

E 6000 V .404 6,000 .841 1.40 .0185 .0121 7 18

R .168 .3363 .0042 .0042 6 13

S 8500 V .682 8,500 .253 .6040 .0048 .0066 8 15

R .0421 .197 .0009 .0018 7 17

S 6000 V .464 6,000 .953 1.63 .0149 .0127 10 20

R .224 .0545 .0042 .0040 8 20


R = Radial Seismometers TABLE 3.

19

P-Wave DataDICE THROW-Analog-1976

Travel True Particle Velocity Particle FrequencyTime Distance (cm/set) Displacement (Hz)


S-16000 V 1.85 16,000 .00067 .0082 .000025 .00031 4 4

R -- - - -

S-25000 V 2.65 25,000 .0011 .0031 .000083 .000058 2 9

R .0002 .00071 .000010 .000018 3 6

S-3500 V --- 35,000 0.0076 _ non009 .00019 -2 r

R .00045 .0009 .000034 .000034 2 4

S-43000 V 3. 5 43,000 ,0021 .0293 .000052 .000c .2 6 13

R .00045 .0022 .000022 .000028 3 13

S-57000 V --- 57,000 .0016 .0011 .000080 .000028 3 6

R .0013 .00073 000065 .000018 3 6

E-25000 V 2.3 25,000 1000028 .000085 000002 .000003 2 4

R .00024 .00067 .000024 .000033 2 3


R = Radial Seismometers fABLE 3. ((ontLinued)

20

Ii Ce i 'I

Iii

/L 'z~tSNAK F SOiI tf

I 1 - 7 - - I I IIr

3N '5 GZ-5

__ -- - _ i 4 ....-- ~:A~~-

fSHEEP 100 I /~

>MOUNTtIN \ ~:-

/I

I - -J;,~(

"SO!qO -- r... .-..o

__ -A-- :. ft.--- )/-

1 /1 -) - +<!£h

1-.. . - - - -. / ,:-" . ..r .. . I± . LL..L 2 ': ' J'Y.500,000,; J, ;

60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120

Thousand of Feet

FIGURE 1. SEISMOGRAPH STATIONS FOR PRE-DICE THROW TI-I

(TNT Shot) LII

21

7-C

C

C 4K----~~ V)+-

'LO-

coi

C

Cr4

0 W

- - P

o>

ri C

co

c.)

C! cCCn C

22

N GZ-5 7.6 km (25,000 ft)

I 0.110 km(360 ft) a = 1.78 km/sec (5,840 ft/sec)

0.796 km (2,610 ft) a - 2.56 km/sec (3,400 ft/sec)

a - 4.80 km/sec (16,000 ft/sec)

P-Wave Velocity Structure South from GZ-5

SW GZ-6 7.9 km (26,000 ft) NE

I0.110 km (360 ft) a 1.78 km/sec (5,840 ft/sec)

0.835 km (2,740 ft) a = 2.56 km/sec (8,400 ft/sec)

a = 4.40 km/sec (14,400 ft/sec)

P-Wave Velocity Structure Northeast from GZ-6

FIGURE 3. P-WAVE STRUCTURE IN THE QUEEN 15 AREA OF WHITE SANDSMISSILE RANGE, DIRIVED FROM THE FIRST ARRIVALS FROM THE PRE-DICETHROW I1-I and 11-' EVENTS.

23

d

b C

Detail showing allowance for line width

d maximum

-7maximum

iImaximurn

FIGURE 4. DESCRIPTION OF MEASURDIENT CRITERIA. In this reportmeasurements a, b and the maximum wqere used.

24

z1A. Zbur's maximum displacement curve for a 100 ton surface explosion (Slope -j-

B. Zbur's maximum displacement curve scaled by A.3 for a 630 ton surface explosion (Slope 1C. Particle velocity curve for 100 ton surface explosion with f = 3 Hz. (scaled by 27.3) r

D. Maximum particle velocity curve for 630 ton surface explosion with f - 3 Hz also maximum particlevelocity curve for 100 ton surface explosion with f = 10 Hz (scaled by 2V'i0)

E. Maximum particle velocity curve for 630 ton surface explosion with f = 15 Hz.

1.0

E

D

.01

C

BA

.001.305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km

(1000 ft) (10,000 ft) (100,000 ft)

Distance km (ft)

FIGURE S. VARIOUS DISPLACEMENT AN~D PARTICLE VELOCITY CURVES USED FOR

ASSOCIATION WITH RAYLEIGH WAVE DATA IN THIS REPORT.

25

1.0 0

>

" -

-4 1*

a)l

- \

UG

.01

.000

.ooI I I i, I IJ riio I i l J~(1000) (10,000) (100,000)

.305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km0) "A" Distane (it) km

0 "B" FIGURE 6 F-WAVE PAAF'ICLE VELOCITY, PRE DICE IlROW II-1, VERIICAL COMPONENIS,

NORTH SITES.

26

,.01

3r

.001

6

,0001

.00001

(1 o0)) (10,o) ( 100,000)0 "B" .30Skm Distamie (ft) km 3.05km 30. Skm

FIGURE 7.: P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 1I-1, VERTICALCOMPONENT, NORTH SITES.

27

1.11

03

.0

004(10)(000 1000

.30 km30 m05k0 "AlDsacf)k

FIUR 8.1WV ATCEVLCTPE IETRWI ,LNIUIACOMPNENT 3OT STS

U L..28

.01 0

.001

3-4-

.0001

.00001 i.., . P O ...... , . - ... ... .. .

0 "A" (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)S"B" .305k Distance (ft)ku 3.05k- 30.5k-

FIGURE 9. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 11-1,LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, NORTH SITES.

29

P

444

.0

00

300

.1

.01 In

r 3

001

( o ) " ( 1 , 0 0 ) ( 1 0 , o o o )0 "A" .Xt 5kin 3. Okm 30.5km

"B" Distance (ft) ka

FIGURE 11. P-AVE PARTICLE DISPLACEET, PRE-DICE THROWT-1,

VERTICAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITE$.

31

i @i m f - IM | f -0i r I

1.0

00

0)0

3

.01

.01(1000) (10,000) (100,000)

0"".305 km Distance (ft) km 3.05 km 30.5 km

FIGURE 12. P-WAVE PARTICLE VELOCITY, PRE DICE THROW Il-1, LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT,SOUTH SITES.

32

.01 iElr 1

i(D

.00

.3001 L

m0

.301ooI I I , , , , I , , a , , , , ,ii Ia a I ,

0 "A" (1,000) (10,000) (100,00))El "B" .305km 3.05km 30.5k'm

Distance (ft) kmFIGURE 13. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW l1-1,LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITES.

33

10.

1.0

U

U

C

.01 ..... P444 M(1,000) (10,000) (100,000)

S Vertical component .305km Distance (ft) km 3.05km 30.5kmA Transverse componentEl Longitudinal component

FIGURE 14. RAYLEIGH WAVE PAR~TICLE VELOCITY, PRE-DICE THROW 11-1

NORTH SITES.

34

.1

AI

U

,010

0 0 1 . ..... .. . . .. .. ...... 4 -... . . 4 "

.305 km 3.05 km 30.5 kmOvertical component (1000) (10,000) (100,000)

A transverse component Distance km (ft)

Olongitudinal component

FIGURE 15. RAYLEIGH WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW Il-iNORTH SITES.

35

1.0

0

01

01.. . ..... .............. - . . - , . . ... . .....

-veti comonnt .305 km 3.05 km 30. km

A trver sec~ component (1000)Ditnek (10,000) (100,000)

6longitudinal component (ft)

FIGURE 16. PARTICLE VELOCITY, PRE-DICE THROW II-1, RAYLEIGH WAVES3OUTH SITES.

36

0.0

.01 A

0.-4 A

.0 1 ...!18 w wkm 305 k 30.5"6

0 etia1cmoet (10)(000 1000A rnvrecmoetDsac m(tE- ogtdna opnn

FIUE1.RYEG0AEPRILEDSLCMNPEDC HO

SOTHSTE,

I.637

•C

00

wA

u

1A0,

0 1 . - . . ..# a - _ . . . • ,. ...... -... -,. : ..: . . .. 1 : . .0 vertical component .0km3.05 km 30.5 kmA transverse component (1000) Dsackm (10,000) (100,000)

C3ongitudinal component (It)

FIGURE 18. PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,PRE-DICE THROW II-1, NORTH SITES.

38

.. . . .. . . ... . . . . . rlUlm [ li

Uu

AA

.1 .... ....63 .5k 05k

39

1.0

Q

,4

UA

.01

0 vriacopnn .305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km• ericl omonnt (1000) (10,000) (100,000)

A transverse component Distance km

O]longitudinal component (ft)

FIGURE 20. PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,

PRE-DICE THROW 11-1, SOUTH SITES

40

1.0

01

.001 , 30. 5kn

30 5 km 3 .0 5 km 1 0 0 )0vert ical component (1000) (10,000)(0000

,&transverse component Distance km (ft)

M longitudinal component

FIGURE 21. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH

~WAVE, pPRE-DICE THROW II-l SOUTH SITES.

*4

1 0 5164p_.A

2,124

BE / wA~~P.J

FIGURE ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ R 22SESORP TAIN O R-I E Hol 1-

S oco1042

t0

LL-0

. . .....

co m

9 In

43

I K~ 1 4

_ I I.~j: .:j

I .1*." I, -.

I' I ______ i--I,.~ I......

- Li.A-" .j I- I

± ~1 _ _ ~' 'I

i[ 4. 2 J *

1' 1 '~f __ I

-I. I _____ I

~'. . .r '' I~~1"~~~ -i I I--

- I I I... L' ii -- I

I I

V1 1 1

3~ <~< I

L ..I.C C A C A

44

I Ij

z~z zjz :1 'en

t Ct

------------ ------

In I L 4

m... .. . .. .. . .. .. .

(S u:"q Own_

_

_______45

71,7

14

+, -A

I-4

t-7-

46

1.0-

0

.01

000

ra

.oo --

( 1 0 0 ) ( 1 0 , 0 0 ) ( 1 0 0 , 0 0 )0) "A" .0kmDistanc'e (ft) km 30km30.5 km

El "B" FIGURE 27. P-WAVE PARTICLE VELZOCITY, PRE DICE THROW 1I-2, VERTICAL COMPONENTNORTH SITES AND EAST SITES.

47

q |i i • inu n i n ui~ n ||e i

.01

0

1 3

.0001

.000011 i i. 444I ll IIli

o A (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)0 "All .305km Distance (ft)km 3.05km 30.5km

FIGURE 28. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2, VERTICALCOMPONENT, NORTH AN'D EAST SITES.

48

00

.1

"4 L.

m,01

.00011

(1000) (1o,ooo) (100,000)(9 "A" 305 km Distance (ft) km 3.05 km 30.5 km

: "B"FIGURE 29. P-WAVE PRT CLE VELOCrTY, PRE DICE THROW 1-2,LONGITUDINAL COMPONENTNORTH AND EAST SITES.,

49

.01

0

.001

0 13r

U

FA

0001

.000011 ..... .......

.305km 3.05km 30.5km" "A" (1,000) Distance(ft) (10,000) (100,000)

0 "B"FIGURE 30. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2,LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, NORTH AND EAST SITES.

50

3!

.0

.001

w -

151

.1

001 I i il hh"h hhh(10)(000 1000

.0151

.01

0

1

i-U0

.001

I'.0001

.000011 . . .l -- i . ....... Si ....II 1 * 11 .... 6, 44 a l -(1,000) (10,000) (100,000:

0 "A" .305km 3.05km 30.5km

"B" Distance(ft) km

FIGURE 32. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2VERTICAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITES.

52

1.0

'I3

. 00 --( 0 0 10 0 01

0 0 0E)"l 35k itne f)k .5k 05k"B IUE 3. pWV AT CEV LCT ,PR IETRW1 -,LN IUIA OPN N

SOT STS

U5

.01

0

.001 1r

0001

.00001

.000 . . .. . ........1.. . ..... . . .. . .. . .. . ..... . .. ...... . .. p.. . . .. . .. .... .. . .. .. p... . .0 "A" (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)G "B" .305km Distance (ft)km 3.05km 30.5km

FIGURE 34. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITES,

54

Iu

44

A

'IC

. 1. . . .. .... . .

.01ca opoet (100 (10,000) (100,000)

A Transverse component .Vkm Distance (ft)km 3.05 km 0.k

FIGURE 35. PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR RAYLEIGH WAVE, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2* SOUTH SITES.

55

.IA

0

.01

.305 km 3.05 km 30.5km

0 vertical component (10)100) i00)


FICURE 36. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR RAYLEIGH AVE, PRE-DICE THROW 1-2

SOUTH SITES,

56

C

1.0

4.El

.0a ... W...( 1,0 )( )k 1,0 )1000

Vetclcmoet4'km Dsac .5m3.kTrnvre4opnn

E)Lniuia opnn

FIUE3. PRIL ELCT O ALIHWVE4R-IETRW1-NOT4NOTHATSTS

574

AjA

"49

0S

IW

-4J

A.01 A A

E)

A

A

001

.305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km0 vertical component (1000) (10,000) (100,000)

A transverie component Distance km (ft)

M longitudinal component

FIGURE 38. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR RAYLEIGH WAVE, PRE-DICE THROW 11-2

NORTH AND NORTHEAST SITES.

58

1.0

4I

00

II 0UC

UA

O vertical component i05k. 3.05 km 30. 5km(1000) (1o,000) (100,000)


Ellongitudinal component (it)

FIGURE 39., PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,PRE-DICE THROW 11-2, SOUTH SITES

59

I Um • m l nmm n m | H e n l m • m |• nu m m

u 'S\14

.1 4A

.305 km 3. 05 km 30.5 km0 vertical component (1000) (10,000) (100,000)


S longitudinal component (t

FIGURE 40. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,

PRE-DICE THROW 11-2, SOUTH SITES

60

m-4Ill~ I I I•I• III I III IIIIlI II I iI ~

400

.00

.00

A4A

AA

.001..... H4.305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km

* vertical component (1000) (10,000) (100,000)


0 longitudinal component

FIGURE 41. PAR-ICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,PRE-DICETHROW 11-2,N0RTII AND NORTHEAST SITES..

61

1.

UA

1.0

vS

U

SC

a0 .... A.. --

.etclcmoet 305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km• ericl o~net (1000) (10,000) (100,000)


IDlongitudinal component (ft)

FIGURE 42. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE,PRE-DICE THROW I-2,NORH AND NORTHEAST SITES.

62

NE I

-I---L LR IT " 15IOCUM N SCUROIMrAK

NORANRTE 0

t-~4-- '1 jAOM fWI

-v

/GROU ND 6 00 120 EtTj jW-I! 1AI LISW 1 CH

160 0 S+H fill

4--

I'.VCHU~h I~ ,.~GU 3000DI O~UTHI~

I'D S 570 0ET3 I-.,' 0 5

0 35 10 A9 S 20 25 60 6 so 85 go 9

FIGURE 43. SEISMOGRAPH STATIOAS FOR DICE THRCW EVENT

63

0 C

o

0a

_ _ 64

I \". + --

HI - HI -- A - 4-

I T

4- 4 t

-4r

1±1 ... 'I,

-I --. r ~ '~65

1.0

I

0 1

4ES4,

.0001

B0

0

.001 0 0

0®

0 A .305km 3.05km 3).5km

El] 8 (190) Distance km (ft), (10,39) (100,090)

FIGURE 46. P-WAV PARTICL VELOCITY, DICE THROW,, VERTICAL COMPONENT, OUTH SITES

66

63.01

0

* .00 1..........

(10000 100g 01000.305 km3.05km 0 .k

.305 kms3.0ckmkm0.5tm

FIGURE 47. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT, DICE THROW, VERTICAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITES

671

0 .01

.01.

.0001

E)A(U0)(000 1000

E) B L5m305m3.DitneUm(t

FIGUE 4. PWAV PARICL VEOCIY, DCE HRO, LNGITDINL CMPOENTSOUH STE1

U r3

.01

.001

3r

U

El

.0001

®A 1I,000) 1I0.000) (I09,00'0)El B .305kin 3.05kin 30.Skin

Distance km (ft)

FIGURE 49. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT. DICE THROW, LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, SOUTH SITES

69

1.0

u

.01001

0

.000 ::A" .305km

3.05kin 39 5kinE] "1" (1,300) (191000)

( o0o' )

FI UR 5 . istance km (ft)2FIUE5P-WAVE,, PARTICLE VELOCITI, DICE THROW, VERTICAL COMPONI'f, AST 5TS.

470

14

/ 1 ll4 iI i iIlI

ll IIlI IIl IiIllI/II~I l i /IllII~

.1

3

br

.001

0

i 13

.0003014

m8

0

0"A" .305km 3 05km 30. Skm1 80 isance km(ft)

FIGURE 51. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISPLACEMIENT, DICE THROW, VLRIICAL COMPONLNI, FAMT TE

71

1.0

4

0 -01

-rr.1 1

0i

6El

.0001

0 "A" .305km 3.05km 39.5km0 "B" (1,000) (10,090) (109,099)

Distance km (ft) [

FIGURE 52. P-WAVE PARTICLE VELOCITY, DICE THROW,LONGITUDINAL COMPONENT, EAST SITES

72

.1

.001

a3

.001 e

r-J

.0001 ,

., I

. o o I I J l i I I ! i.. . .J Hi l I I I I I iL . J l

"A" .305km 3.05km 39.5km0 "B" (1000) (10,000) (100,000)Distance km (ft)

"JGURE 53. P-WAVE PARTICLE DISILACEME. T, DICE THROW, LONGITUDINAL COMPONENt, EAST SITES

73

0)0

0 @

00

00

-7

,.01 _--@o

.001 i i ti ni li l i i l t i t il* Vertical Component .305km 3.05km 30.5km01 Longitudinal Component (1,000) ('O,'qO0) (100,030)

Distance km (fe)FIGURE 54., PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR RAYLEIGh WAVE, DICE THROW, SOUTHI SITES

74

.1

.001

.001U

.305 km 3.05 km 30. 5 kmSVertical Component (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)8) Longitudinal Component Distance km (ft)

FIGURE 55. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR RAYLEIGH WAVE, DICE THROW, SOUTH SITES.

75

.0

.00VetclCmoet 35k .5k 05k

(D LogtdnlCmoet (10) Dstnek1f) (000 1000

FIUE5,PRIL EOIYFRRYEG AE IETRW ATSTS

a7

:1' 0

.001

AA

.0000

* Vertical Component .305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km

& Transverse Component (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)

0) Longitudinal Comnonent

Distance km (ft)FIGURE 57. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR RAYLEIGHi WAVE, DICE THROW, EAST SITES.,

77'

D

1.0

U

,.4U

0.1

-IH

.01 -

.01

* Vertical component .305km 3.05km 30.5kmLongitudinal component (1,000) (10,000) (190,900)

Distance km (ft)FIGURE 58. PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE, DICE THROW, SOUTH SITES.

78

.00

.001

.01

.35k 30-m405k

Vert cal omp nent /%1 000)(10 , 00)(100 000

E) Lngitdina Comonen

D305 tm a3.0 km 30.5tk

FIGURE 59, PARTICLE DISPLACEMENT FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE, DICE THROW, SOUTH SITES.

79

El

1.0

.01

OD

'Il

00

305 km 3.05 km 30.5 km0 Vertical Component (1,000) (10,000) (100,000)A Transverse Component Distance m (ft)ElLongitudinal Component

FIGURE 60. PARTICLE VELOCITY FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGH WAVE, DICE THROW, EAST SITES.

80

w~ ||m m• m || m • ||| | m |m rmmm

1.0

rS

BB

0

.001

0.. L

.305 kma 3.05 km 30.5 km•Vertical Component (1,000) (10,000) (I00,000)ALongitudinal Component Distance km (ft)

G'; Transverse Component

FIGURE 61. PARTICLE DISPLACEMENI FOR FUNDAMENTAL MODE RAYLEIGHI WAVE, DICE T11ROW, !:AST SITES.

81

ll0• •l | |• | • • l m |l • | n | •m|| nS|l • m m n • |m ml mn| ~

-4N 4.~

aI.

aa

*1

4

*

82

0' vo

tom

o.Ko

oI t~t w

It 00

b-AN, Vto, E!

83t

.75 -

.70-

.65 -

.60- 0

,, 5 - -

.55- 0 0,

0 o

(lO0) (200 00 0) (00 0) (00

4u-

35--

.30-

15-

* -' 0-v

0

.- .,2 -

.05-

0 3.05 6.10 9.15 12.20 15.25 18.30(1000) (2000) (3000) (4000) (5000) (6000)

NW 1l .30 15.12 12.20 Dsac m(t(60).15 6.10 3.05 0 SE(6000) (5000) (4000) (3000) (2000) (1000) (Salt F lit .

FIGURE 64. P-WAVE TRAVEL TIMES FOR LONG LINE (4 SEGMENTS) SHOWN IN FIGURE 62.

84

GZ-5 1 1.52 km (5,000 ft) - SEArea

ot- 1.67 km/sec 42 m (137 ft)(5,479 ft/sec) 122 m (399 ft) -137 km/sec

8 - 0.37 km/sec(1,214 ft sec)

a - 2.65 km/sec (8,695 ft/sec)

= 1.07 km/sec (3,632 ft/sec)

FIGURE 65. P (a) AND SH WAVE (0) STRUCTURE ALONG THE LONG REFRACTION PROFILESHOWN IN FIGURE 62. The SH travel time curve gives information on deeperstructure shown in Figure 67.

85

NWSE

2.2- 0 2.65 km/sec (8,700 ft/sec)

2.1-

2.0.

1.9 - B 4~ 1.22 km/sec (4,000 ft/sec)1.62 km/sec

1.8. (5,330 ft/eec)

1.7-

1.6-

1.5- 8. 1.26 km/sec1.5- * ~ 4,127 ft/eec)

1.4- *./

A". B~ < 0.87 km/sec

1.3- (2,850 ft/eec)

1.2~0

1.2-2

0.9

0.8-- 0.87 km/sec (2.0 ft/ec)

'410.-

0.9 2' 8 0.9 km09/seO

0.8- (3 59 (3,2 0 ft ec

0.5-

0.4-

0.3- l-O3

0.2.

0.1- Distance (kin)

0 .3km .61km .91km 1.22km 1.52kmNW 0 1.1000 2,000 3.00 4,000 5,000 0 SE

Distance (ft)

FIGURE 66. 5)1 TRAVEL TIME CURVE FOR LONG REFRACTION PROFILE IN FIGURE 62. The solidlines are the analysis of Reinke (1977)., The dashed lines are t',e travel time curvesused in this report along with the agreed upon branches of 61. 8 4 tand 8 5.

86

w 0)

00 U

o t

Vc 0

u~ 00

Ln0

Int

f C0

0)87

GZ5

............

/ 0 100 200 300

(ft)

FIGURE 68.POSITION O-F SHORT P & SH REFRACTIONPROFILES AT cZ5 (QUEEN 1,ARASho1*' In relation to t REA)edo

the long (6000 feet) the cfat eofprofile Hefato

01 C4

11..8 . 00

u .

r4 00 0I

140s -~ C.

cn(N

0

~ a 010 0

N

~C

cn~-v ' ~ O

--- I I

i.4.z~I ~ 89

C',- -

4 I

a Il ,

eq-

I 4 I ~<I I

-F1 E17i '

K: ~7i iE)'

7 I 4fL1 i-..-K-~0'El1.!' *t2

17' 17 __ ~. E)

.j _ 90

.7 r - ----

-

c~ u *

7-.

ICI

' N G o

IIra4n N

919.

inIL

0 ________

00 l'-U

01- LU.

C4 0'h

.- , Ln.

o-I . .3 .

o ~~~O... ......--

.rtl

I- 111

I- - ----.-

Oak~.77Tu'~ -

'o4 t-7

92~9

.COV4 - z

<0

P ........

'0.

4 I1

-n 044

p-7-N 1.-

atI

~'- ' i~C)

-r -0

L It

.93

JrAl-

aQ m

0% u0Ln (n

'-4'.--.

-li.1 >C:L1II~.I I -14

.TCA.

Ell 0 cn

C',

I J. I u0

ISU39 8MTI Ins

94.i -

25m.23 .483 2.03

-aa

16m37 .49 .916m.43 .472 1.86

water table depth- Sm

water l et

Crate Line 0

232 .48 .36.427.9

.2 .57 .446 1.82

.4m34 .482 1.82]m.44 .470 1,85

water table depth w r 37 m

0 ~ 3 .49 .469 2.04

.3 482 1.92.52 .463 1.99water table depth - 7 m

0 100 200 300

scale(feet) 0 = Shear Wave Velocity (km/sec)

a = P-wave Velocity (km/sec)

u = Poi-qon's Ratio

FIGURE 75. PLAN VIEW OF THREE SHORT P AND S11 REFRACTION PROFILES NEAR GROUNDZERO AREA (GZ-5) OF PRE-DICE THROW I AREA. The P wave (a) and S11 wave (8)velocities are given for the travel time branches that eminate from the respectiveends of each profile. The depth figure given beside these values is the depthto the next interface below the water table.

95

r7'l 73;-

1.73 Z5

S5.0 ccb

18M 2

.35 .481 1.83 24

.49 .466 1. 9 2-

Figure 76. 3-D Model of Data Given in Figure 75.

(8 and a are S velocities and P velocities respectively

in km/sec)

96

Sx xfo r x " o x

X X fx x x x

NE NIX

XoK x4xo X* X

K *NN

*5 xe

6 * I 3's e

METERS

SI B4 I I I B I

00 0,00 sw 00,00 up,0 200.0 2W0.00 300" 3io000 400.0METERS

FIGURE 77. RAY TRACING ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE CRATER SIZE ON CRATER LINE II

97

~ x X~x

CCXX#A XXX

Lx x XX *

;X~X X x

XC

CX' X 4

;r .X 6

50,U METERS- -

LFIGURE 7.MFTERS7.RAY TRACING ATTEMPT TO DETERMINE CRATER SIZE ON CRATER LINE 11

98

REFERENCES

Herrin, E. and Reinke, R., 1976, personal communication.

Jolly, R.N., 1956, Investigations of shear waves, Geophysics, Vol. 21,No. 4.

O'Connell, R. and Budiansky, B. 1974. Seismic Velocities in Dryand Saturated Cracked Solids, J.RR., Vol. 79, No. 35.

Reinke, R. 1976. unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Southern MethodistUniversity.

Rodean, H. 1971. Nuclear Explosion Seismology, U.S. Atomic Energy

Commission.

Toksoz, M.N., Cheng, C.H. and Timur, A. 1976. Velocities of SeismicWaves in Porous Rocks, Geohysics, Vol. 41

Turpening, R.M. 1976. Seismic Recording of the Dice Throw Events,Final Report, Environmental Research Institute of Michigan,Report No. 117200-1-F, AFOSR Contract F44620-76-C-0019.

Zbur, R. 1975, personal communication.

For General Reference

Edwards, T.Y., G.L.E. Perry, 1976, Middle North, Series - Pre-Dice

Throw II Events - Preliminary Results Report, Defense NuclearAgency, POR 6904, September 1976.

99

v:

APPENDIX

SEISMOGRAMS FROM THE PRE-DICE THROW II-i(TNT SHOT), PRE-DICE THROW 11-2 (AN/FO SHOT)

AND DICE THROW EVENTS

101

PRE DICE THROW I EVENT I (TNT EVENT) 12 AUGUST 1975

TIME CODE

VERTICAL

TRANSVERSE

S 3 0 0 0 S IT E R . .......

4.5 Hz SEISMOMETERSRADIAL

VERTICAL ,i_ ^

TRANSVERSES 5000 SITE

4.5 Hz SEISMOMETERSRADIAL

4 TRANSVERS .A.

2Hz SEISMOMETERS

'1.~vv V y1II

VERTICAL , ,. _ ..RADIALH 1O5 SITE

4.5 Hz SEISMOMETERSTRANSVERSAJ,

VERfC Al~LA

H113000 STE TRNVRE'A - _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

4.5 Hz SEISMOMEMrS IRADIAL ' ., . . . - - -

1 -r ! ii l~ t " , ,' ..., .- , --

IET (TNT EVENT) 12 AUGUST 1015

PRE DICE THROW U VENT 1 (TNT El2 Hz SEISMOMETERS

N 15,000 SITEUN!CUE12 AUGUST1915

VEIMCAL

TRANSVERSE

RADIAALA

ZEROTIN

N/

low 1 VN (TNT EVENT)

A1ABr1915

PRE DICE THROW I EA T (T N2 Hz SEISIMETERS

S 15,00SITETIME CODE 12 AUGUST 1975

VERTICAL

-" AA

I'ZFlO TwIE

I

10 1 (TN -EVEN-T) - :- :~- -e

W415(TNT EVENT

AA AEAA

v W,1

113T19A

v vVYlv - 6

PRE DICE THROW!, EVE 'N T 1 (12 Oz, SEISMOMETERS

N 25,000l SITETIME c 12 AUGUST 1915

VERTICAL

V n.. V. a - % l

TRNEAL E

-W vAv 1 AVf 44mI

ICE THROW.I EVENT 1 (TNT EVENT)2 Il$EJSMIMEfto

1241Ur.11

9

PRE DICE THROW I EVE2 Hz SEISMOI

S 25,000

liME EO~12 AUGUST1.-i I U U-

VERTICAL

TRANSVERSE

W1'..il ,

ZENO TIME

DICE THROW II EVENT I (TNT EVENT)2 Hz SEISMOMETERS

S25UST12 AUGUST 1915

MM,7

77

? M UCE 1001W EKE 1

2 koul 9

ONSVERSE

%O

CE THROWIEVENT 1 (TNT EVENT)

' 518SITE12 AUGUST, 1115

y P 171 VT y A .'1

PRE DICE THROW If EVENT 2 (ANFO EVENT)22 SEPTWIER 1915

VERTICAL~

TANSV R SE0. I -. AA A., . ~A -~ A~~

RADIAL AA .A A .- ' ,X

~s 0 M E A.1 1 I I A A , A

S 30 Mt

RADIAL

lii 3E ME TRASVRS

11 OW/

PRE DICE THROW I [lN 2 (ANFO EVENT)22 SEPTOEO 195

-~'--------'-~ ------ I -' ,4_________________________

VV~ ~ ~ ~ J GAPAv vvA \

, ly e6?

1918 DICE THROW (ANFO EVENT)OCT. 6, 1916

VERTICAL_________________________

TRANSVERSE

E in9 SITE2HNz SEISMOMETERS

RADIAL

VERTICALA

ITRANSVYE RSE

E 850SITE

RADIAL

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

VERTICAL

-TRANSVERSE VP

E mNSITE

RADIAL

VERTICALA A4a

TRANSVERSE , V ' -

S 8500 SITE

VERTICAL fAA

S 95( SITE TRANSVERSE

RADIALA

TIME CODE ________ ____

ZERO TIME

1916 DICE TIRUW (ANFO EVENT)OCT.4, 1916

-I ___

-- -I Atih v

Ak&

DICE THROWS 10,000 SITE

HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

VERTICAL

TRANSVERSE

RADIAL\

I SEC

ELS

Ls

M~E THROWE 2,00 SITE

HIGH CAIN CHANNELS

TRANSVERSE

HI SEC

LOW GAIN CHANNELS

VEdPTICAJTRANSVERS E .11,111A fVV...f....V..RADIAL

1 SEC

ICE THROWS 25,000 SITE

'HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

VERTICAL

TRANSVERSE

RADIAL

VERTICAL

N

TRANSVERSE ,e

/


'HIGH GAIN.'CHANNELS

Sik

V\VJ\JVJ\I _ _ _ _ _

TA S _\,


HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

VERTICAL .........

TRANSVERSE

RADIAL

LOW GAIN CHANNELS

VERTICAL \\~ w'TRANSVERSE

RADIAL

DICE THROW S 43,000 SITE HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

",; ' VERTICAL

TRANSVERSE _ g

RADIAL

t! HI SEC


HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

}j V ERICAL,

TRANSVERSE

RADIAL

I SEC

H

13,000 SITE HIGH GAIN CHANNELS


HIGH GAIN CHANNELS

Pre-Dice Throw II-2 - Defense Technical Information Center

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