Pre-Design Geotechnical Evaluation of the OII Superfund Site
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Transcript of Pre-Design Geotechnical Evaluation of the OII Superfund Site
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Pre-Design Geotechnical Evaluation
of the OII Superfund Site11thth Ralph B. Peck Lectureby
Edward Kavazanjian, Jr. Ph.D., P.E.Arizona State University
forWasteMINZ New Zealand
15 October 2009
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Ralph B. Peck (1912-2008)
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
The Operating Industries, Inc. Landfill
“A unique urban hazard”
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
A Unique Urban HazardHazardous WasteSteep North Slope
–60 m-tall, 1.5H:1V–Adjacent to SR-60 (Pomona Freeway)
Proximity to Homes to the South–MSE Toe Buttress
Seismic Exposure
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Steep North Slope, Freeway Proximity1.5H:1V average, 1.3H:1V maximum slope,
rising 60 m above grade
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
South Slope Toe Buttress (1987)
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
1987 Whittier M 5.9 Narrows Earthquake
The “Big Bend”
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Earthquake-Induced Cracks on Benches
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Pre-Design Scope of WorkReview / Synthesize Available InformationField InvestigationLaboratory Test ProgramLimit Equilibrium Stability AnalysisSeismic Hazard AnalysisSeismic Response and Deformation AnalysisStatic Deformation AnalysisToe Buttress InvestigationFindings / Recommendations for Closure Design
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Review / Synthesis of Available InformationBottom Contours of Quarry
East End Interim CoverSouthwest Corner Liquid Co-DisposalToe Buttress ConstructionInclinometer DataPrevious Geotechnical StudiesStrong Motion Records1992 Cover Failure
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
MSW Properties: Shear Strength
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Field InvestigationSASW Survey3 x 34-inch (840-mm) Diameter Borings to
155 ft (47 m)– Waste Characterization– In Situ Unit Weight Tests– Video Logging
20-ft (6-m) Deep Test TrenchToe Buttress Condition SurveyCover Soil Investigation
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Field Exploration Plan
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Vibroseis for SASW Testing
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Sampling and Testing Intervals
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Large Diameter Bucket Auger Borings
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Field Classification Scheme
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Field Logging
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Waste Degradation
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20 30 40 50 60 70 8050
40
30
20
10
0
Dep
th, m
Temperature, OC
BA-1 BA-2 BA-3
Waste Temperature
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
In Situ Unit Weight Testing1. Auger and collect waste
3. Place tremie pipe in borehole
2. Weigh waste
4. Fill with gravel of known unit weight
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In Situ Unit Weight Results
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Downhole Video Logging
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Downhole Video Logging
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Downhole Video Logging
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
On-Site LaboratoryReconstituted 18-inch (454-mm) Diameter
SpecimensConsolidometer, Direct Shear, Cyclic Simple
ShearLess than1 yr for Design and Fabrication
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cyclic Simple Shear Device
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Lab Sample Characterization
Bulk Sample Sorted Sample
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Consolidation Test Results
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Direct Shear Results
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Cyclic Simple Shear Tests
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Cyclic Simple Shear Test Results
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Strong Motion Instrumentation
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Quad-4M Seismic Response Model
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13 October 2004
Wastecon 2004
35
Back Analysis of Seismic Response
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
MSW Modulus Reduction and Damping
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Limit Equilibrium Analysis
Static Analysis–Horizontal Planes of Weakness–Perched Water Levels –Cover Veneer Failures
Pseudo-Static Analysis–Yield Acceleration
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Cover Veneer Stability
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Seismic Response Analysis
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Seismic Deformation Curves
Typical range of waste mass seismic displacements
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Static Deformation Analysis30-yr Performance of Final Cover
– Drainage– Cracking
30-yr Performance of Toe Buttress– Static (followed by seismic)
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Vertical and Lateral Displacments
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress AnalysisGlobal Stability
–Limit Equilibrium FS = 2.6Internal Stability
–Finite Element Analysis (GeoFEAP)• Static: Imposed Deformations• Pseudo-Static: Seismic Coefficient
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress Displacements
Measured Projected
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Toe Buttress Performance Analysis
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Toe Buttress Analysis Results
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
Findings / Recommendations1. The Waste Mass Meets Stability Criteria
– Static and Seismic2. Large Static Deformations are Expected
– Continuous Maintenance3. Toe Buttress Should Maintain Its Integrity
– Long Term Settlement plus Seismic Loading 4. Cover Stability is a Major Concern
– Particularly the Steep North Slope
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LESSONS LEARNED1. MSW is Pretty Strong Stuff
– Stronger than Often Assumed in Practice 2. MSW can be Pretty Heavy
– Unit Weight Greater than Typically Assumed– Unit Weight can be Very High if Saturated
3. MSW Cyclic Degradation is Slow– Potential for Significant Seismic Amplification
4. MSW is Anisotropic– Preferred Horizontal Orientation
5. MSW Deformation is Non-Homogeneous
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CONTRIBUTIONS TO PRACTICE1. In Situ Unit Weight Test Method2. Field Classification System for Waste3. Data on Waste Composition4. MSW Shear Strength Envelope5. Compositional Effects on Strength,
Compressibility 6. MSW Shear Wave Velocity Measurements7. MSW Modulus Reduction and Damping
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Acknowledgements
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THANK YOU!
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School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment
References1. Matasovic,and Kavazanjian, (1998), “Cyclic Characterization of OII
Landfill Solid Waste,” JGGE2. Zornberg and Kavazanjian, (2001). "Prediction of the Performance
of a Geogrid-Reinforced Slope Founded on Solid Waste." Soils and Foundations,
3. Kavazanjian, Matasovic, and Bachus, (1999), “Large-Diameter Static and Cyclic Laboratory Testing of Municipal Solid Waste,” Sardinia ‘99.
4. Avsar, Bouazza, Kavazanjian, Öztürk (2003) “Interpolation of Solid Waste Shear Wave Velocity Using Geostatistics,” XIIIth ECSMGE
5. Kavazanjian, Matasovic, and Caldwell (1998), “Damage Criteria for Solid Waste Landfills,” Proc. 6th U.S. NCEE
OII data is included in 17 additional Journal and Conference papers, 1 CDMG special report, and 1 additional Journal paper submitted for publication.