Pre-Civil WarMr. Potts7th Grade Social StudiesSossaman Middle School

Civil WarCivil War (n.) a war between citizens of the same country.

Causes of the Civil War - 4 S’s

Sectionalism Slavery States’ Rights Stalemate (Political Failures)

Missouri Compromise (1820) Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)

Sectionalism Sectionalism (n.) An intense devotion to one’s

region to the extent it harms the whole.

SectionalismNorth

SouthThe North:• Primarily industrial• Mostly urban and small farms• Supported tariffs and internal

improvements• For strong central government• Relied on free labor• Wanted to limit spread of

slavery in West

The South:• Primarily agricultural• Mostly small farms and

plantations • Generally opposed tariffs

and internal improvements• For “states’ rights”• Relied on slavery due to

smaller population• Supported extending

slavery in West

North

South

Slave Auction

Slavery Slavery is a system under which people are treated

as property to be bought and sold, and forced to work.

Slavery

The first African slaves landed in Jamestown, VA in 1619.

By 1860 the United States had over four million slaves.

1619

Slavery existed in all of the 13 colonies but it was a major benefit to the economic well-being to the South colonies…

Eventually, the country began to

divide over the issue of slavery.

States’ Rights States’ Rights refers To the struggle between the

federal government and individual states over political power.

In the Civil War era, this struggle focused heavily on the institution of slavery and whether the federal government had the right to regulate or even abolish slavery within an individual state.

Missouri Compromise (1820) GOAL – To keep BOTH the North and the South happy

over the debate over slavery A compromise bill was worked out with the following

provisions: (1) Missouri was admitted as a SLAVE state and

Maine as FREE state. (2) Creation of the Missouri Compromise Line.

Missouri Compromise (1820)

Compromise of 1850 GOAL - To keep BOTH the North and the South happy

over the debate over slavery. A compromise bill was worked out with the following

provisions: (1) California is admitted as a FREE state. (2) South get an upgraded version of the Fugitive

Slave Act. The Fugitive Slave Act required that all escaped

slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters and anyone caught helping an escaped slave would face 6 months in jail and a $1,000 fine.

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska,

repealed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and allowed settlers decide if they would allow slavery by popular sovereignty.

EFFECT = led to “Bleeding Kansas,” a mini civil war.

American Anti-Slavery Society

Created in 1833, its members wanted immediate emancipation and racial equality for African Americans.

Free-Soil Party A new political party of anti-slavery northerners who

supported Wilmot Proviso (no slavery in new territories) created for the Election of 1848.

They feared expanded slavery would mean less jobs for white workers.

Famous AbolitionistsName Ex-Slave DID…

William Lloyd Garrison

NO Published an abolitionist newspaper called the Liberator. Helped start the

American Anti-Slavery Society.

Frederick Douglass

YES Published a newspaper called North Star & wrote autobiographies.

Harriett Tubman YES Famous conductor of the Underground Railroad.

Sojourner Truth YES Traveled the county giving speeches about slavery and women’s rights.

Harriett Beecher Stowe

NO Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin a powerful anti-slavery novel.

Dred Scott Decision WHO: Dred Scott WHAT: A slave who wanted freedom & citizenship through the

American legal system. Scott attempted to sue his owners…his case ended up in the U.S. Supreme Court.

WHEN: 1846-1854 WHERE: U.S. Supreme Court (Washington, D.C.) RESULT: Dred Scott lost the case… the court held that

African Americans, whether enslaved or free, could not be American citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal court.

EFFECT: Divided the nation more over the slave debate.

John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry

WHO: White abolitionist John Brown & 20 men. WHAT: Attempted to raid a federal arsenal to start a slave

rebellion. WHEN: October 16, 1859. WHERE: Harper’s Ferry, Virginia RESULT/EFFECT: John Brown was executed for treason. The

event created more tension over the issue of slavery.

Election of 1860

Election of 1860

Election of 1860

Election of 1860 In 1860, Abraham Lincoln was elected 16th President

after winning EVERY Northern state and the South believed that Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests.

EFFECTS = December 12, 1860 – South Carolina held a convention and voted to secede from the Union as Congress was unable to create a compromise to prevent secession.

February 1861 – Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, and Georgia seceded. Formation of a new government calling themselves

the “Confederate States of America”

Events Leading to Civil WarEvent Position of the North

Position of the South

Compromise

Provisions

EFFECT /Significance

Missouri Compromise

(1820)

Do NOT admit Missouri as a slave state

Do admit Missouri as a slave state

Missouri SLAVE state

& Maine FREE state

Kept the balance

between North & South

Wilmot Proviso(1846)

No slavery in new territories

Slavery in land taken in

Mexican Cession

Proviso passes in House but

NOT Senate (stalemate)

Failed to fix slave issue in

West/increased tension

Compromise of 1850

California admitted as a

FREE state

Not to upset the balance

of FREE/SLAVE

states

California as a FREE

state/Fugitive Slave Law

Saved the Union, but tensions

continued to rise

Kansas-Nebraska Act

(1854)

NO slavery in Kansas

Wanted slavery in

Kansas

Slavery decided by

popular sovereignty

Led to a mini civil war in Kansas –

Bleeding KansasElection of

1860YES – Lincoln

opposes slavery

expansion

NO – fear he will abolish

slavery

NO compromise – Lincoln WINS

Secession begins with

South Carolina