Pre – AP Biology

Chemistry of Life (2.1)Part 1

ElementChlorine (Cl)

CompoundSodium (Na) + Chlorine (Cl) salt

(NaCl)

CHNOPS = Life

Atoms & Subatomic particles

IsotopesDiffering numbers of neutrons

IonsDiffering number of electrons

Atoms found on a Periodic TableSee the energy levels of electrons?

Electron orbitalsElectrons circling the nucleus

Molecule: Same element

Molecule: Different elements

Periodic Table of ElementsAtomic Mass is shown on the bottom of each square

Atomic Number is shown in the upper left corner

Elemental OxygenHow many protons in Oxygenatoms?

How many neutrons in Oxygen atoms normally?

Radioactive Isotopes

Pre – AP Biology

Chemistry of LifePart 2

Potential EnergyEnergy of Position

Which diver has more potential energy?

Kinetic EnergyEnergy of Movement

Potential “stored” energy of the electrons in the bond between Oxygen (O) and Hydrogen(H)

The “cloud” is created by moving (kinetic) electrons

Periodic Table of ElementsAtomic Mass is shown on the bottom of each square

Atomic Number is shown in the upper left corner

Period on a periodic tablePeriod run horizontally, like sentences

Families on a periodic tableFamilies run vertically, like columns

Covalent Bonds See the shared electrons between

Carbon(C) and Hydrogen (H)?

Polar covalent bonding of water molecule See how each end(pole) has an electrical

charge?

Structural Formula

Molecular Formula

CH4

Methane gas

1 atom of Carbon

&

4 atoms of Hydrogen

Ionic bondingSee the electron being lost from Na

and gained by Cl?

Ionic CompoundSalt (NaCl)

Hydrogen BondingSee the positive Hydrogen (H) attracted to

the negative Nitrogen (N)?

Chemical Reactions