Prasantation.pptx

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The Health Impacts of Farming on

Producers in Rosario,Argentina.

Patricia Silvia Propersi

Present by Lakmini Gamage


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INTRODUCTION

This paper reports the findings of a study that

was carried out to determine the effects of

farming conditions on the health of the

people who live and work on the quintas

(peri-urban vegetable farms) in Rosario.

The city of Rosario has a green peri-urban belt

where agriculture is common.


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Vegetable production is done by family

members who, in some instances ,engage a

number of medieros and day labourers to

assist in various activities.(Propersi ,1999)

Rosairo farmers produce vegetables for their

own consumption and for market.


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The working conditions and environment

associated with these horticultural production

areas that either favorably or unfavorably

influence the populations health.

Perceptions regarding health were also

explored in this study. No epidemiological

work has been done on farmers in Rosario inpast.


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OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

General objective

The general objective of this study was a

document, characterize and understand thehealth risks and protective measures used invegetable production within the horticultural

units, and to assess their impact on the healthof population closely related to theproduction.


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Specific objectives

Understand and describe the socio-technical and

organizational factors associated with vegetable

production processes in the Rosario green belt.

Describe the characteristics of the population

involved in vegetable growing and the specificlinks this population has with the production

units.


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Analyse the environmental conditions and

productions that may have negative and

positive consequences for the health of the

population involved

Understand the perceptions this population

had about health risks.


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HYPOTHESES

A technological model increases the productivity

of natural resources , which influences the

organization of production activities.

Living in the vegetable production unit hinders

workers access to goods and social services.

There is a strong correlation between growing

vegetables for market and the use of toxic inputsthat negatively affect the health of the

population.


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RESEARCH METHOLODY

Field Survey

Field survey is the main method in thisresearch. But the study area was limited to

the green horticultural belt of the Rosario

peri- urban area ,which includes

Constitucion,Rosario and San Lorenzo in Santa

Fe province Argentina.


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194 farms which were focused to data

collections during the period of from May

2000 to June 2001.

According to risk factors which had belong the

farms which were classified into three modal

types as high risk, medium risk and low risk.


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When conducted this survey five main elementswere considered.

Size of the production unit

Production diversity Intensiveness of the production unit

Characteristics of the labour organization

Residence ,age and gender of the differentpeople on the farms.


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Under the field survey following methods

were used to collect data.

Interviews

Information acquired from owners and

workers of the farms through interviews.

Health professionals were interviewed in the

care centers.


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A structured questionnaire

It included questions about production

conditions, working conditions, the physical

environment ,access to basic services and

personnels health ;of the owner producer, the

owners family and any other person working

or living in the horticultural production unit.


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The questionnaire had the following threecharacteristics.

(1) It exposed each interviewee to the samestimulus(questions),which enabled all the data to be grouped andcompared.

(2)The questions had a predetermined sequence

(3)The breadth of the study was determined beforehand and lists ofpotential responses were prepared in advance for categorization.Some semi structured questions were included to elicit a widerange of responses.


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Observations and photographs were helped to

understand the real situation of horticultural

farms and to prove some hidden incidents and

situations. As a example female and child labour,which was frequently hidden in production unit.

In many cases ,workers denied this was going on

,therefore, photographs were used to prove its

existence as a realty in the workplace.


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Reading materials were given number of informationregarding this research area. For example whichrecords belong to health care centers were exposedmany details of health factors of workers.

Limitations of the study

The owner producers did not allow other peopleworking in the farms to participate in the survey. As aresult ,the only questions that could be asked werethose that the owner of the production unit wouldanswer.


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Some interviewees were relucted to participateinterviews and some were did not express realsituation.

Data Analyze

Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected.Quantitative data were analyzed by using computersoftware programs. Qualitative data acquired fromspecially owners, labours of farms and professionals ofhealth sector. Whole qualitative data which collectedwere compared each other.


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RESEARCH FINDINGS

Structure of the local horticultural activity

More than half of the farms are 10ha or less.This vegetables produced in this peri-urban

area diverse and, therefore ,a variety of

techniques and resources are applied for

different varieties.


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The diversity makes it possible to keep land in

production all year round which depending on

seasonal cycles.

Labour inputs depended on resources ,size

and composition of the family unit,

production strategy.

Owners involved in marketing and production

activities. .


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Labour activities were done by family

members as part time and full time basis.

They may also call on family labour, to avoid

the costs of hiring salaried workers.

With the exception of family members

permanent and temporary salary workers also

were done there duties in agricultural lands.


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WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN THE

WORKFORCE

In general, when enquiries were made about

labour, respondents only made reference to

work done by men and gave no account of the

work women and children perform. However

in-depth interviews and reading materials

were given number of details about women

and child labour ship.


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While doing every households women shouldwork in quinta too. Children also havesupported their parents for horticultural work.

Rarely some workers have explained aboutwork lord of their wives and children.

My wife ,I would say she works more than

me, because she comes back to the house at11.00h start cooking,cleaning,doing thelaundry---------


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After doing the housework ,she is back in thequinta to work. My wife knows she has things todo in the house and she takes no

break(Mediero,Santos)The children of the medieros also work in the units

because tasks are more suitable for a child thanfor an adult. Children take care of the hoeing,

cleaning.That kind of work is better done bychildren because of their size--------(worker,Fernando)


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THE LABOUR ENVIRONMENT

This study focused on the green belt, where basicservices such as electricity, water supply,

garbage collection, asphalt roads, mass transport,

gas, sewers and telephones either do not exist orlimited.

Some horticultural production units were foundmore than 3km from workers home. Such areas

represented geographical barriers also. Underthis pathetic situation workers who often had toreturn home in dark.


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The duration of the working time and hours

were depend on crops differences and

seasonal differences. For instance in Summer

and Spring seasons workers have beeninvolving agricultural work more than other

seasons.

Horticulture activities were done by usingtractors ,machinery and manually.


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PROCESSES INVOLVING HANDLING OF

CHEMICAL PRODUCTS

Intensive horticulture often requires agri-

inputs such as fungicides ,insecticides and

manure.

When use of these products number of

mistakes were done by farmers. Such as,

Spraying without backpack,

With higher levels of chemical concentration

showing on the feet, legs, thigh.


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When chemical products are used containers

are sometimes reused without being carefully

cleaned.

But these mistaken were depend on owners

education level.


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Treatment of containers of chemical products

related to owners education level

(percentage)

Primary Higher education University

Clean 38.46 7.69 23.08

Do not 58.33 1.67 5.00

clean


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HEALTH RISKS LINKED TO

HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTION

There are variety of health problems have

identified regarding horticultural areas in

Rosairo green belt.

Body pain such as neck, legs, back, headache

and chronicle problems were common issues

which were associated with farmers due to

overexploitation ,poor living condition andbad diet.


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Various emergency accidents and injurious

were happened in horticultural farms.

Specially children were subjected to

emergency accidents.

Some kind of risk factors were indicated in

drinking water of Rosairo.


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The survey showed that less than half of the

population is concerned about quality of the

drinking water. Even though there were

number of bacteria (for instance E-coli) werecontained drinking water.

Use of chemical products were caused a varity

of health and environmental risks.


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Mainly, due to lack of understand of farmers,

inappropriate use of chemical products and

poor education level of farmers were main

reasons of chemical contaminated.

Interviews with workers indicated how

children become contaminated with chemical

residues,


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-----father has gone to work in the quinta for

eight hours .When the father comes back

home -----the child runs hug his father. And to

which part of the fathers body the boy gets

hold? The legs ,because they are at the little

boys height. The legs are one of part of the

body that have more contact with thechemical product-----


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According to the records maintained by

health-care institutions ,health problems

associated with the use of chemical products

exist, but were not common. According todoctors at the medical centers, this is because

they only manifested as serious health

problems later in life.


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Workers in the quintas did not seek medical

attention very often, partly because of their

concept of health and illness. Workers

considered getting treatment for an illnessonly when they experienced disability or

limited movement that interfered with there

work.


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CONCLUTION AND

RECOMMENDATIONS

The research was designed as an introduction

to some of the factors that influence health

risks and exposure on farms in peri-urban

Rosario.

Through this research have identified various

risk factors and health problems which

associated in horticultural farms in Rosairogreen belt.


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The labour of women and children is also

often hidden in UPA (Urban and peri-urban

Agriculture) and this can lead to increased

exposure to on farm risks.

Civil society organizations in Rosario are well

placed to be active campaigns which regarding

health risks. However ,appropriate regulationsby local authorities are necessary as well.


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Similarly communication strategies should be

designed by university level education

institutions. It would be helpful to review

extension programmers in horticulture and todefine a new strategy to increase both the

quantity and quality of products .


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Working conditions on peri-urban farms do

not comprise the worst employment

environment in the area. However authorities

and organizations should be involve in UPAaround Rosario.

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