Practicum of Autonomic DrugsRia Tustina Hendrayani (G0012179)

Why we use albino rabbits in this experiment? The rabbit is most commonly used in eye irritancy tests, because it is cheap, easy to handle and has a large eye for assessing results. It has fewer tears than other animals. It also has fewer eye pigment so that the effect is easily observed.1. Unlike man, the rabbit has a nictitating membrane, or third eyelid. It could be argued that this removes irritants from the eye, or, on the other hand, serves as a trap for material beneath it.2. The rabbit produces tears less effectively than people, so differences in the degree and duration of contact of an irritant can be expected. This may affect test results.3. The acidity (pH) and buffering capacity of the aqueous humour in the eyes of human beings and rabbits are different In humans, the pH is 7,1 7,3 whilst in rabbits it is 8,2. It is thought this difference might explain the particular susceptibility of the rabbit iris to chemical inflammation.4. The thickness, tissue structure and biochemistry of the rabbit and human cornea are different. The thickness of the cornea in man is 0,51 mm and 0,37 mm in rabbits.It is hardly surprising that the test on animals can give misleading results (IAAPEA, 2015).But there are serious differences which make the rabbit eye a bad model for the human eye. These include the following:

In the pupil reflex, after the nerve fibers continue in colliculus superior, nerves will end in pretektal area. Intercalation neurons associated with the nucleus Eidinger-Westphal (parasympathetic) on both sides led to consensual light reflex. Efferent motor nerve of Eidinger-Westphal nucleus and oculomotor nerve (N.III) enter into orbital cavity to make pupil sphincter muscle constrict (Gilroy, 2010).

Pilocarpin (parasympathomimetic-alkaloid plants)

SourcepharmacodynamicpharmacokineticIndication, contraindicationpasologi

Atropin (parasympatholitik- muscarinic antagonist)

SourcepharmacodynamicpharmacokineticIndication, contraindicationpasologi

3 drops pilocarpin HCl 2% shaving the rabbit eyelashesWays of WorkingcalmingMeasuring pupil albino rabbits (horizontally and vertically), when irradiated / not.3 drops Atropin sulfat 2% Measure and observe horizontal pupil vertikal pupilBlood vasacorneal reflex consensual reflex

The effects of pilocarpine HClinterpretation of results horizontal pupil vertikal pupilBlood vasacorneal reflex consensual reflexMiosisVasodilatation+-The effects of atropine sulfate horizontal pupil vertikal pupilBlood vasacorneal reflex consensual reflexmydriasisvasoconstriction+-

the results tableNote: after drug intake, wait 2-3 minutes to get the effect of drugs

Daftar PustakaGilroy Jhon. Abnormalities of Pupillary Light Reflex. In : Basic Neurology. Third edition. New York : Mc Graw-Hill. 2000. p26 27.Iaapea. Draize Eye Irritancy Test. The International Association Against Painful Experiments on Animals. 2015. Farmakologi FKUNS. Obat-obat yang Berpengaruh pada Sistem Syaraf Otonom. 2014

Thank You

Pilokarpin = miotikumAtropin = midriatikum*