practice grammar book for intermediate learners of english

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»

FOCUS ON NOMINALS: PRACTICE GRAMMAR BOOK

FOR INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH

Учебное пособие для вузов

Составители: М.В. Бочарова, Н.П. Ульянова

Издательско-полиграфический центр Воронежского государственного университета

2008

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Утверждено научно-методическим советом факультета романо-германской филологии 4 декабря 2007 г., протокол № 10 Рецензент: к.ф.н. Н.И. Овчинникова Учебное пособие подготовлено на кафедре английской филологии факуль-тета романо-германской филологии Воронежского государственного уни-верситета. Рекомендуется для студентов 1 курса факультета РГФ дневного и вечерне-го отделений. Для специальностей: 031201 – Теория и методика преподавания иностран-ных языков и культур, 031202 – «Перевод и переводоведение», 031301 – Теоретическая и прикладная лингвистика и 031000 – Филология.

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PREFACE Focus on Nominals is a practice grammar book designed to help inter-

mediate learners of English improve their grammar competence and learn to communicate effectively, accurately and confidently through solid grammar work. This is achieved in various ways through 120 varied and stimulating prac-tice exercises, some of which were drawn from a rich variety of authentic sources while others were designed by the authors.

The practice book is presented in a clear, user-friendly style and is logi-cally divided into two sections, each of which introduces and further details an essential topic. Section 1 deals with the English noun: grammatical types of nouns, their determiners, and subject-verb agreement. Section 2 focuses on the English adjective presented and practiced in opposition to the adverb.

The book maintains an inductive approach, and teaches students to ana-lyze a wealth of contexts provided and make conclusions about the tendencies of using English nouns, adjectives and adverbs. This is then reinforced through a range of activities to practice the grammar, including gap-filling, completion, matching, rephrasing and editing (proofreading, or error analysis) through to translation and creative oral and writing tasks. Focus on Nominals provides an abundance of both guided and communicative practice exercises to help students internalize and master the new structures.

Additional warning notes, marked ‘NB’ and pointing out potential prob-lems, help learners to understand and use English grammar correctly. The book also features grammar summary tables for students to complete. Revision exer-cises give students a chance to consolidate what they have learnt. The book will prepare students for more advanced grammar courses as well as for Use of Eng-lish tests. The practice book is flexible in design and suitable for use in class, homework or self-study.

CONTENTS

SECTION 1. THE NOUN

1.1. COUNT and UNCOUNT NOUNS ……………………… 1.2. PLURAL, SINGULAR and COLLECTIVE NOUNS 1.3. DETERMINERS and QUANTIFIERS ………………….

1.3.1. SOME and ANY ………………………………... 1.3.2. QUANTIFIERS ………………………………… 1.3.3. ARTICLES ………………………………………

1.4. REVISION ……………………………………………… SECTION 2. THE ADJECTIVE vs. THE ADVERB

2.1. FORMS AND FUNCTIONS …………………………….. 2.2. COMPARISON ………………………………………….. 2.3. REVISION ……………………………………………….

References …………………………………………………............

4 16 23 24 27 38 52 64 72 82 85

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SECTION 1. THE NOUN

1.1. COUNT and UNCOUNT NOUNS

TASK 1. Look carefully at the way nouns are used in the following sentences

and make any necessary corrections.

1. Whose are these money?

2. I haven’t got any sharp knifes.

3. How many sugars would you like in your coffee?

4. There isn’t a meat because this is vegetarian restaurant.

5. I broke a teeth eating peanut.

6. There isn’t many woman in boxing.

7. The news are bad, I’m afraid.

8. She’s got lovely hairs.

9. A few passer-bys were alerted by loud screams.

10. He’s been looking for a work for couple of months.

TASK 2. Put the following countable nouns in the plural form.

Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural

Bush Calf Carrot Chef Cherry Chief Chip Clergyman Crossroads Cry Currant Deer Disco Echo

Hero Handkerchief Enemy Journey Joy Key Kilo Knife Lady Leaf Lie Louse Means Mother-in-law

Portfolio Radio Reply Roof Salmon Scarf Serial Series Sheep Shelf Species Spy Strawberry Swine

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Face Forget-me-not Fox Goose Grape

Ox Penny Photo Piano Pie Poppy

Thief Tomato Toy Trout Video Volcano

NB! MEANS, SPECIES, SERIES have the same form in the singular and

plural: The bike is an excellent means of transport.

There are several means of transport on the island.

NB! PENNY has the form PENCE when used with numbers: 10 pence.

PENNIES refers only to coins, not to amounts: I’ve only got a few pennies on me

TASK 3. Sort the words from the table in Task 2 into the 6 categories below and

add some more examples.

1. Nouns with plurals ending in

-s


-es

3. Nouns with plurals ending in -ves/-fs


-ies


-os

6. Nouns with irregu-lar plurals

TASK 4. Homework. Make up ten sentences with plural count nouns from

above. Formulate the spelling rules. Get ready to write a dictation. Consult

Round up 5, U. 10.

TASK 5. Use the nouns in tasks 2 and 3 with the demonstratives this/that or

these/those. Think of suitable contexts.

E.g. this/that picture – these/those pictures

– Do you like these pictures? – Yes, and this one is especially beautiful.

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TASK 6. Put the nouns in the plural form where appropriate. Pay attention to

their spelling and pronunciation.

I wonder who decides what sort of animal____ are kept in the zoo___? You ex-

pect to see a lot of rhino______, and lion____, but you rarely see ox____,

sheep___, deer_____ or goose______, probably because these can be seen

commonly enough in the wild. Each day large ___delivery of food arrive for the

beast_____ to eat. Not expensive items like salmon___ or trout___, but ordinary

things like potato___ and tomato____ – although the panda___ like bam-

boo_____. The whole family, man___, woman___ and child_____ can take

photo____ or make video____ of them eating with their paw____ and

tooth_____, since animals do not use knife____ and fork___ to eat.

TASK 7. Homework. Consult a grammar reference book and make lists of un-

count nouns in the following semantic groups:

o Names of substances and materials (leather, wood…),

o activities and sports (running, gardening…),

o games (billiards, cards…),

o names of subjects (mathematics…),

o languages,

o abstract ideas (love, hope …),

o feelings (joy, shame…),

o qualities (honesty, innocence…),

o illnesses (mumps…),

o names of classes of things, or umbrella terms (furniture, equipment…).

TASK 8. Write as many sentences about true facts as you can with each of the

uncountable nouns below.

E.g. Paper is made from trees. When snow melts it becomes water.

Words to use: gold, meat, salt, rain, sand, oil, wood, water, sugar, glass, butter.

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TASK 9. Homework. Choose seven of the words below and think of or make up

proverbs, sayings or slogans with them, like this:

History never repeats itself.

All you need is love.

Words to use: age, anger, childhood, courage, death, education, evil, fashion,

money, health, luck, love, music, truth, work, power, justice etc.

NB! You do not use an article before an uncount noun in the general sense

TASK 10. Use these uncount nouns to complete the sentences below.

advice electricity experience equipment happiness help language

information knowledge luggage traffic money travel fun

1. We’ve got a lot of _______but it’s not too heavy.

2. At that time my _______of German was minimal.

3. I’d like some_____about trains, please.

4. Do you have any_____on you?

5. They exported a million dollar’s worth of stereo_______.

6. If you want my______, I think you ought to start all over again.

7. There’s always a lot of ________in the rush hour.

8. Do you cook by gas or by ___________?

9. You can always telephone if you need any _______.

10. Money doesn’t always bring ________.

11. Shakespeare’s ________is magnificent.

12. She’s had nine months’________ as a secretary.

13. All prices include _________ to and from London.

14. The children had great __________ playing with the puppets.

TASK 11. Give Russian equivalents of the following English uncount nouns.

Which verb form do the uncountables agree with, singular or plural?

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English uncount nouns Russian singular Russian plural

Advice

Applause

Baggage

Cash

Cream

Equipment

Evidence

Fruit

Fruit

Furniture

Hair

Homework

Information

Jewellery

Knowledge

Luggage

Money

Progress

Spaghetti

Toast

Traffic

Uncount nouns ending in -

s:

News

Linguistics

Mathematics

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Physics

Statistics

Classics

Athletics

Gymnastics

Cards

Checkers

Darts

Billiards

Dominoes

Measles

Mumps

SPELLING and PRONUNCIATION PRACTICE

TASK 12. Add -s or -es to the following words to spell them correctly and prac-

tice pronouncing the final sounds loudly and clearly.

1. passenger___ 2. tax_________ 3. season______ 4. sketch______ 5. tray________ 6. ash_________ 7. guy________ 8. sandwich___ 9. enemy_____ 10. watch______

11. buzz______ 12. robes______ 13. miles_____ 14. ferry_______ 15. seed______ 16. page_______ 17. judge_______ 18. guess_______ 19. prize_______ 20. kiss_________

TASK 13. Practise the pronunciation of final -s/es by reading the sentences

aloud.

1. Chickens, ducks and turkeys lay eggs.

2. My wages are low, but my taxes are high.

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3. People come in many shapes and sizes.

4. She bought some shirts, shoes, socks, dresses, slacks, blouses, earrings and

necklaces.

5. He possesses many fine qualities.

6. She laid the tables with forks, knives, spoons, plates, cups, saucers and nap-

kins.

7. She lost two watches, three books, a set of keys and two dictionaries last

year.

8. The little boy admired the monkeys, crocodiles, rhinos, snakes, horses and

other animals in the zoo.

9. The kids played with various toys: dolls, bears, buses, cars, lorries, tigers, li-

ons, donkeys and hamsters.

TASK 14. Find mistakes in the following words in the plural.

Echos, chieves, dolles, gooses, thiefs, photos, potatos, oxes, scarfs, salmons,

poppys, mouses, deers, enemys, swines, keys, calfs, leaves, knifes, forgets-me-

nots, mothers-in-laws.

TASK 15. Choose the groups in which the words are spelled correctly:

A. radios, babies, cherries B. apples, knowlege, jewelery C. spagetti, athletics, dominoes

G. measles, checkes, applouse H. handkerchieves, scarves I. trout, rhinos, deliveries

D. shelves, chefs, replies E. foxes, bushes, heros F. videos, eqipment, species

J. lices, species, strawberrys K. chiefs, pianos, crossroads L. kilos, portfolios, salmons

TASK 16. Which one is spelled correctly?

Scissors or scisors? Dungarees/ dungarees Pajamas/pyjamas Biscuit/bisquit Acommodation/accommodation

Disappointment/dissapointment Innocence/innocence Nonsence/nonsense Exercise/exersise Measles/meesles

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TASK 17. Translate the sentences into English.

1. Деньги не растут на деревьях.

2. – У нас 23 февраля будет выходной. – Это хорошая новость.

3. Легко давать советы, но трудно им следовать.

4. Я люблю тосты на завтрак.

5. У нее роскошные волосы. Мне нравится, как она их укладывает.

6. Я предпочитаю кофе со сливками. А вы? – Я пью кофе с молоком.

7. Мы принимаем только наличные.

8. Они приветствовали певца громкими аплодисментами.

9. Сегодня утром очень интенсивное движение на дорогах.

10. Где ваш багаж? Вы что, путешествуете без багажа? – Да, я люблю

путешествовать налегке.

11. Мои познания во французском довольно скудны.

12. Его комната была заставлена мебелью.

13. Он уничтожил доказательства своей вины.

14. На старой леди было очень много украшений.

15. Отсутствие физической нагрузки может привести к чувству депрес-

сии и истощению.

TASK 18. Can you match these words to the definitions given below? Translate

into Russian.

1. glass 2. a glass 3. paper 4. a paper 5. wood 6. a wood 7. iron 8. an iron

9. string 10. a string 11. coffee 12. a coffee 13. cloth 14. a cloth 15. rubber 16. a rubber

17. lamb 18. a lamb 19. language 20. a language21. tin 22. a tin 23. study 24. a study

25. light 26. a light 27. air 28. an air 29. duck 30. a duck

31. gold 32. a gold 33. play 34. a play 35. thought 36. a thought

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Definitions:

− a container for drinking out of − a container into which food is put before it is sold − a device for taking unwanted creases out of clothes − a device which we switch on in a room when it goes dark − a form of energy from the sun which enables us to see − a group or clump of trees − a kind of bird which lives on or near water − a kind of meat which we get from a young sheep − a material from which car tyres, for example, are made − a material from which clothes are made − a mental process − a metal, chemical symbol Fe, from which steel is made − a metal, chemical symbol Sn, used in the manufacture of food containers − a piece of material used for wiping or cleaning things − a precious metal, chemical symbol Au − a quiet room where you go to think or work − a story performed on stage by actors − a substance used for making a stimulating drink − a substance used, for example, in windows − a tune or melody; also used to describe someone's manner or appearance − an activity performed purely for pleasure; not work − an animal, the young of a sheep − an idea − English, Spanish, Arabic or Japanese, for example − material for writing on − meat from a particular kind of bird − popular name for the medal awarded to the best performer in an Olympic

event − refers to a cup containing a drink made from this substance − something which you use for tying up parcels, for example − something which you use to get rid of a pencil mark − the activity of learning − the faculty or ability by which human beings communicate with each other − the material obtained from trees with which we make furniture, for example − the part of a guitar, for example, which you pluck in order to make a note − the stuff we breathe in order to stay alive − The Times or The Daily Mirror for example

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TASK 19. Divide the nouns below into countable, uncountable or those that can

be either uncountable or countable in different contexts. Translate into Russian.

Bread, hope, photo, flour, egg, beer, oil, pepper, onion, cheese, strawberries,

raisins, information, hair, advice, jewellery, money, meat, wine, soap, weather,

homework, luggage, toast, progress, permission, rubbish, scenery, traffic, shirt,

sheep, mouse, cat, carrot, painting, milk, drawing, coal, penny, diamond, ruby,

biscuit, accommodation, coffee, chicken, grapes, glass, stone, paper, cake, iron,

jam, match, toothpaste, salt, sand, smoke, description, spaghetti, pasta, time,

experience, pizza, fun, fruit, fish, gold, love, life, education, drink, beauty,

picture, work, chocolate, money, snow, wealth, rain, home, business.

1. Countable 2. Uncountable 3. Either uncountable or countable

NB! Such nouns as CURRANTS, STRAWBERRIES, CHERRIES,

GRAPES, RAISINS, ONIONS, CARROTS, POTATOES, CABBAGES,

CHIPS, CRISPS and some others are more often used in the plural when

we talk about an amount (Cp. Russian: морковь, лук, капуста, клубника –

единств. число с собирательным значением).

But:

a strawberry – ягода клубники, a grape – виноградинка, an onion – луковица.

NB! Some count nouns can be used as uncount when they refer to

the substance/ food:

There are a few onions in the fridge. vs. The soup tastes of onion.

Are there any carrots left? vs. Is there carrot in the stew?

There were a lot of fish in the river. vs. Would you like fish or meat?

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TASK 20. Homework. Translate the nouns from the third column in the table

above into Russian and illustrate their countable and uncountable uses with

examples. E.g.:

A. The pages of this book are made of paper. (material – бумага)

He has just published a paper in the journal Nature. (a long formal piece of

writing about an academic subject – статья).

I‘ll cook and you read the paper. (a newspaper – газета).

B. Drink was the cause of all his problems. (alcohol – Алкоголь был причи-

ной. всех его проблем.)

I’ll get you a drink of water. (an amount of a liquid – стакан/немного воды).

She felt like a drink after a hard day (an alcoholic drink – выпить) .

C. I know from my own experience how difficult this kind of work can be (the

past events, knowledge and feelings – опыт).

Our journey by camel was an exciting experience (sth that you do or that

happens to you – случай, событие).

D. Pepper makes food taste better (молотый перец).

I bought some green peppers for the salad (single units – стручки перца).

TASK 21. Translate the following count nouns into English:

лес, газета, камушек, утюг, лампа (свет), раз, стакан, кирпичик, комната,

тряпка, картина, шоколадная конфета, перчик, красавица, событие, про-

фессия, упражнение, рыба (в пруду), комнатное растение.

TASK 22. Use the article A before the nouns, which are used as singular

countable nouns. Translate into Russian.

A.

1. ___Beauty is subjective.

2. She’s ____real beauty.

3. Car tyres are made of ____ rubber.

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4. I need ____ rubber to erase some notes I made in pencil.

5. I’m fortunate to have had _____good education.

6. ____Education doesn’t just take place at school.

7. My eyes are very sensitive to ____light.

8. Is there _____light in here?

9. I’m sorry to ask you, but I desperately need__help.

10. I think that’s ___really ugly painting.

11. ___Painting can be a very relaxing activity.

12. Are you in San Francisco for ____ business or pleasure?

13. He set up ____ small travel business.

14. He has ___great love of music.

15. Sometimes ____love can be very painful.

16. You’ll get better at the job as you gain____experience.

17. I’m so glad I did it: it was _____wonderful experience.

18. The house is built of____stone.

19. This is ________beautiful stone.

B.

20. ____fear is a perfectly natural human feeling.

21. He has ____terrible fear of heights.

22. He was so hungry that he ate ____whole chicken.

23. I don’t like red meat but I do eat_____chicken.

24. I don’t usually drink ___coffee.

25. I’ll have two teas and ___coffee, please.

26. I usually eat ____fruit for breakfast.

27. That’s _____very unusual fruit. What is it?

28. Has this soup got____potato in it?

29. Would you like ____baked potato?

30. You shouldn’t drink ____wine on an empty stomach.

31. This is ____very nice wine.

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32. _____death comes to us all one day.

33. There’s been ___death in the family.

34. She was sipping champagne from___ high glass.

35. How did you get that puncture in your tyre? – There was ___ broken glass

on the road.

36. Mrs. Brown is very old and lives in ___ home.

37. ___ home, sweet home.

38. She’s got ___ curly hair.

39. There’s ___ hair in my sandwich, a dark one; it must be yours.

40. The Mona Lisa is ___ work of art.

41. Learning a foreign language is ___ very hard work.

42. If you want to be fit you should take ___ exercise.

1.2. PLURAL, SINGULAR and COLLECTIVE NOUNS

TASK 23. Complete the first column of the table with nouns which are always

plural in English (look up Collins COBUILD Student’s Grammar Unit 5, §§ 2,

3). Indicate which are used with the, a possessive, or without a determiner. Give

their Russian equivalents.

English PLURAL

NOUNS

Russian singular Russian plural

Tools, instruments, pieces of equipment:

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Things we wear:

Other words:

TASK 24. Use these plural nouns to complete the sentences that follow. There

are two extra nouns that you don’t need.

Belongings clothes travels expenses feelings goods holidays pa-

pers pictures refreshments sights authorities lodgings whereabouts

police

A. If I spend a lot of money, can I claim_________?

B. There was a short break for___________.

C. My _______are soaking wet. I need to change.

D. A terrorist has escaped from prison. His _________ are unknown.

E. He’s very unhappy. You must have hurt his_______.

F. The kids aren’t at home. They’re on their_______.

G. What’s on at the cinema? I haven’t been to the _______for ages.

H. The _______ haven’t been informed yet.

I. You’re famous. I saw your picture in the_______.

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J. He carries all his _________with him in an old suitcase.

K. We took some time off to walk round the town and see the_______.

L. The ____________ have forbidden the import of all foreign _______.

TASK 25. Sort the following nouns ending in -s, into 3 groups. Translate them

into Russian.

Onions Pyjamas Jeans Refreshments Clothes Gymnastics Expenses

Currants The authorities Billiards News Potatoes Athletics

Measles Raisins Scales The pictures Binoculars Scissors

Tights Goods Sb’s activities Aerobics Outskirts Politics

Lodgings Acoustics Traffic lights Contents Headquarters

Holidays Mumps Grapes Cards Linguistics Stairs Darts

Radishes Sights Means Tweezers Strawberries Glasses Peas

Exercises Toiletries Groceries Furnishings Statistics Compliments

1. Uncount nouns 2. Plural count nouns 3. Plural nouns

NB! Some nouns can be used as either plural or uncount, usually with a

change in meaning, e.g.:

The acoustics of the hall ARE excellent (plural) vs.

Acoustics IS a branch of physics (uncount)

Politics IS the study of the ways in which countries are governed vs.

My politics ARE well to the left of centre

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TASK 26. Consult a dictionary and make up sentences with five plural and five

uncountable nouns in the table above. Pay attention to the subject-verb agree-

ment.

E.g. The clothes he was wearing were shabby. (plural)

Billiards is a popular game. (uncount)

NB! UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS always take SINGULAR VERBS while

PLURAL NOUNS always take PLURAL VERBS.

TASK 27. Fill in the gaps with the given uncount and plural nouns, ending

in -s. One noun is a singular count noun.

Authorities, handcuffs, looks, news, aerobics, outskirts, stairs, expenses, lodg-

ings, linguistics, acoustics, traffic lights, contents, darts, headquarters, goods,

crossroads

1. When I move to London I’ll have to find _____________.

2. When will the ___________be delivered?

3. The military __________have established their ________in the old Town

Hall.

4. The ___________ in the new opera house are near-perfect.

5. __________ are less important than personality in a partner.

6. As you come to the ______of the village, there are _______and

a________. Turn left there.

7. The_________ are a bit dangerous. Be careful.

8. Introduction into _________is a difficult subject.

9. They promised to refund my travel___________.

10. They enjoy playing__________in the evening.

11. __________is very popular nowadays.

12. What can be used to keep a prisoner’s hands together? ____________

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13. No ________is good ____________.

14. The letter’s ______were not disclosed.

TASK 28. Choose the correct option.

1. Mathematics is/are too difficult for me.

2. Measles is/are in most cases a harmless illness.

3. Fortunately the news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we had expected.

4. Draughts is/are played on board with black and white squares.

5. Bad news travel/travels quickly.

6. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn’t/aren’t sharp enough.

7. Diabetes is/are very dangerous.

8. Aerobics involve/involves a lot of exercise.

9. Physics weren’t/wasn’t my favourite subject at school.

10. Where is/are my tweezers? I need to get a splinter out of my skin.

11. The acoustics in the bathroom was/were fantastic!

12. Dungarees are/is very convenient.

13. Come on! Where is/are your pyjamas? Get it/them on! It’s time to go to bed.

TASK 29. Look up Collins COBUILD Student’s Grammar Unit 5, § 1 and com-

plete the sentences below with A or THE + a SINGULAR NOUN from the box.

A. bath go drink fight jog rest shower move walk wash ride smoke

1. I need some fresh air. I think I’ll go out for ___________.

2. I’m going to lie down and have ___________.

3. Why don’t we go outside for ___________?

4. I don’t have time for ___________. I’ll just have ___________ instead.

5. The children are covered in dirt. They need ___________.

6. Can I have ___________ on your bike?

7. He keeps fit by going for ___________ every evening.

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8. This is thirsty work. Let’s stop for ___________.

9. Bill’s in trouble. He started ___________ and got himself arrested.

10. You can’t succeed if you don’t have ___________.

11. It’s time to go. Let’s make ___________.

B. wind world future dark air country sky moon seaside

12. ___________ seem uncertain to him.

13. ___________ is full of wonders.

14. I am scared of ___________.

15. ___________ was very bright in ___________.

16. ___________ was fresh, and ___________ was blowing.

17. I like going to ___________ or ___________ on holiday.

TASK 30. COLLECTIVE NOUNS. Look up Collins COBUILD Student’s

Grammar Unit 5, § 4 and choose the best combination for each blank. Translate

into Russian.

Class is enemy was club has orchestra is school has team is staff does

Class are enemy were club have orchestra are school have team are staff do

1a. In England a state ___________ to give time to religious education.

1b. My daughter’s ___________ decided to hold their sports day next Saturday.

2a. The __________ given 5,000 pounds to charity this year.

2b. The __________ fifty percent more members than a year ago.

3a. The __________ not like the new manager.

3b. The __________ not need to be increased.

4a. Jane’s __________ in room 6.

4b. Our __________ planning a party.

5a. The __________ just tuning in – let’s hurry in.

5b. An __________ composed of string, wind, and percussion instruments.

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6a. The __________ going to lose again. It is/they are useless.

6b. A cricket __________ made up of eleven players, including its/their captain.

7a. I wanted to know what the ___________ thinking.

7b. I could see that the ____________ attacking.

TASK 31. Now look carefully at the contexts above and complete the rule be-

low with ‘singular’ or ‘plural’:

With COLLECTIVE NOUNS IN THE SINGULAR, like FAMILY, TEAM,

GOVERNMENT, STAFF, CREW, PARTY, SCHOOL and others,

____________ forms of verbs and pronouns are common when the group is

considered as a collection of people doing PERSONAL things like deciding,

feeling, hoping or wanting, and in these cases we use WHO, not which as a

relative pronoun.

____________ forms (with which as a relative pronoun) are more common

when the group is seen as an IMPERSONAL unit.

Sometimes, however, singular and plural forms are mixed, e.g.:

The group gave its first concert in June and they are already booked up for

the next six months.

TASK 32. Use these collective nouns to complete the sentences that follow.

Audience, crew, cattle, enemy, gang, government,

family, media, public, staff, team, police

1. Take cover. The __________are attacking.

2. Do you think Liverpool are the best________in Europe?

3. Dad is out. But the rest of the _______are at home.

4. The ________has decided to increase taxes.

23

5. The ship sank but the ________are safe.

6. The office is closed. The_______are on strike.

7. The house was surrounded and the ________were arrested.

8. The________is much bigger than at last night’s performance.

9. The railways should provide a better service for the travelling________.

10. Some sports stars are badly treated by the newspapers and

other________.

11. ________are controlling the crowds.

12. These_________are on their way to market.

TASK 33. Use the most likely forms of verbs and pronouns. Translate into Rus-

sian.

1. My family (have) decided to move to Nottingham. They/It (think) it’s a bet-

ter place to live.

2. My family (be) very angry with me. It/They (think) I should go to univer-

sity.

3. The average British family (have) 3.6 members. They/It (be) smaller and

richer than 50 years ago.

4. The government, who/which (be) elected by a simple majority, …

5. The council (have) agreed to a re-vote.

6. The council (have) made numerous improvements in the area.

7. My firm (be) founded in the 19th century.

8. My firm (be) wonderful. They/It (do) all they/it can for me.

9. The team (be) full of enthusiasm.

10. A team who/which (be) full of enthusiasm (have) a better chance of winning.

11. The press (be) often unfair to political candidates.

12. The press (be) outside – you’d better get out the back way!

13. American Airlines (be) one of the largest carriers in the United States.

14. The Philippines (have) signed the new human rights agreement.

24

1.3. DETERMINERS and QUANTIFIERS

TASK 34. Consult a grammar reference book and complete the table below to

show how some determiners combine with nouns. Use the determiners from the

list below.

o Articles: Ø (‘zero article’), a, the;

o Possessive pronouns: my/your, this/that, these/those;

o Quantifiers: a lot of, many, much, (a) few, (a) little, several, all, every/each,

enough, no;

o Numerals: one, two/three;

o Other determiners: some, any, either/neither, both.

Determiner type Countable nouns Uncountable nouns singular plural

Article _____ book_____ book

_____ books_____ books

_____ milk_____ milk

Possessive _____ book _____ books _____ milkDemonstrative _____ book _____ books _____ milkQuantifier _____ book

_____ book_____ books_____ books_____ books_____ books_____ books_____ books_____ books

_____ milk_____ milk_____ milk_____ milk_____ milk _____ milk

Numeral _____ book _____ booksOthers _____ book

_____ book_____ books_____ books_____ books

_____ milk_____ milk

25

1.3.1. SOME and ANY

TASK 35. SOME or ANY? Make mini conversations with the prompts below.

E.g. – Do you have any coffee or tea? – I have some coffee, but I don’t have any

tea.

Prompts: milk or cream; lemons or limes; rice or potatoes; butter or margarine;

sugar or honey; beer or lemonade; apples or oranges; ham or cheese; jam or

marmalade; fish or meat; olives or peas; cucumbers or tomatoes…

TASK 36. The Snowball. ‘What is in your kitchen store/ fridge/ wardrobe…?’

Start off with a sentence such as In my kitchen store there is / I have a carrot.

The first student continues: In my kitchen store I have a carrot and some sugar.

The second student repeats In my kitchen store I have a carrot and some sugar…

and adds, e.g. …and some eggs, etc.

Or you could start as follows: In my wardrobe I have a pair of jeans...

TASK 37. Which question would you ask? ‘Can I have/borrow A… /

SOME….?’ Practice in pairs.

E.g. – Can I have some cake? – Here’s a nice piece for you.

– Can I have a chocolate? – Of course, help yourself.

Prompts: iron, paper, pepper, glass, drink, cloth, cake, chicken, salt, sugar, fish,

eraser, envelope, stamp, wood, onion, toast, rice, marmalade, jam, ham, egg, butter,

pizza, chocolate, ketchup, honey, beer, lemonade, coke, lemon, ice-cream.

TASK 38. Fill in the gaps with SOME or ANY, where appropriate. Can you ex-

plain why some of them have to be left blank?

1. This car hardly uses ______petrol.

2. This car doesn’t use______petrol, it’s battery-powered.

26

3. Would you like ______beer? – No, thank you.

4. In Belgium they make a stew with______beef and ______beer.

5. Do you ever read _____novels?

6. I read _______wonderful novels by O’Brian when I was on holiday.

7. Are your sisters ______doctors too?

8. We met ______doctors at the party.

9. Could you lend me ______money? – I’m sorry, I can’t, I’m broke.

10. Is ______money something you worry about?

11. Do you like ______mushrooms?

12. Are there ______mushrooms left?

13. Is there ______water or vodka in the bottle?

14. Is there ______water in the fridge?

15. Is there ______ life on the moon?

16. We need ______more milk.

17. ______ cheese is made from milk.

18. Could you give me _______examples?

19. ______trains are running late.

20. There’s ______chocolate cake over there.

21. ______man phoned, but didn’t leave his number.

22. There weren’t _______tomatoes left.

TASK 39. Fill in the gaps with SOME, ANY, A/ AN/ -, or A LOT OF.

E.g. I’d like some information, please.

1. Is there _____news?

2. Have we got _____biscuits? I’m starving.

3. There are ____sandwiches in the fridge if you’re hungry.

4. I’m going to the market. Would you like ______fruit or vegetables?

5. There’re ____olives left in the bottom of the jar.

6. Are there ______apples left?

27

7. Let me give you _____advice.

8. There was______ heavy traffic on the roads.

9. Have you got _______black cotton shirts in size 12?

10. Her ring was studded with _____diamonds and _____ruby.

11. The two sides didn’t make _____progress towards agreement.

12. Why don’t we get ____spaghetti?

13. Were there _________bushes in the meadow?

14. Is there _____butter in the fridge?

15. There weren’t _____crocodiles in the river.

16. She saw _______ wild flowers in the field.

17. Helen bought _____iron at the sale.

TASK 40. Complete the dialogue. Then make similar dialogues with the

prompts below and act them out.

A. Would you like ______more bread?

B. Yes, please. Is there ______ pasta left?

A. Sorry, there’s _____ pasta left but there’s ______salad if you would like that.

B. No, that’s OK. Thanks.

Prompts: Potatoes/beef/gravy; water/curry/rice; cake/tea/orange juice;

chips/fish/ sauce; beer/ sausage/chicken …

TASK 41. Replace some and any with words from the list below.

Slice, jar, piece, cup, loaf, bar, tube, packet, bottle, sheet, rasher, sliver, drop,

cube…

E.g. Can I have some bread? →… A slice of / A loaf of bread

Let your partner answer the questions.

1. Would you like some cake?

2. Do you have any toothpaste?

28

3. Can I get you some coffee?

4. Could you get some spaghetti from the supermarket?

5. I thought we had some coke in the fridge?

6. Do we need any jam?

7. Would you like some cheese in your sandwich?

8. Do we have any cauliflower left?

9. Could you get some pepper from the supermarket?

10. Do we need any juice?

11. Would you like some toast?

12. Can I get you some tea?

13. Is there any chocolate left?

14. I thought we had some marmalade in the fridge?

15. Do you have any beer?

16. Would you like some ham?

17. Watch out! There’s some glass on the floor!

18. Would you like some more whiskey?

19. Would you like some pizza?

1.3.2. QUANTIFIERS

TASK 42. Look up a grammar reference book and fill the appropriate boxes in

the table below with the following information:

(1) the meaning of each quantifier,

(2) its Russian equivalent,

(3) the peculiarities of its use,

(4) example sentences.

The box for ‘many’ has been filled for you as an example.

29

Quantifier + plural count nouns + uncount nouns

= ‘a large quantity’

Plenty of

A lot of/ lots of

Many 1) a large number 2) много 3) is normally used in negative

sentences and questions; or in formal positive sentences

4) Were there many people at the meeting? Not many of the children will pass the exam. Many people find this kind of film unpleasant

-

Much

A (great) num-ber of

A great/ good deal of

A large amount of

= ‘a small quantity’

A couple of

A few

Few

A little

little

Hardly any

Not any/no

30

Comparison More

Less

Fewer

TASK 43. Fill in the gaps with MUCH, MANY, HOW MUCH, HOW MANY.

A. Let’s make lasagne for the dinner party tomorrow.

B. Great idea! How ______minced meat do we need?

A. Not ______. Half a kilo will do.

B. OK. How _____tomatoes?

A. About three big ones.

B. How_____cheese should I buy?

A. Get about half a kilo of mozzarella.

B. Right. Now, how______packets of lasagne will we need?

A. One packet will be enough.

B. What about onions? We haven’t got_____left.

A. We only need two. Is there any milk in the fridge?

B. Well, there’s some but not______.

A. You’d better buy a carton then. And get some flour as well.

B. ______flour shall I buy?

A. A small packet will be enough.

B. OK. I’ll be back in about an hour.

TASK 44. Homework. Act out a similar dialogue.

TASK 45. Answer the following questions:

EXAMPLE – How many people are there in the Sahara Desert?

– There are not many. Or: – There are few.

31

1. How many exercises are there in this lesson?

2. How much time is there before the New Year?

3. How many fish are there in the sea?

4. How much memory is in your computer?

5. Is a kilogram of sugar enough to make a cake?

6. Is twenty dollars enough to buy an airplane ticket?

7. Are five people enough to play a game of chess?

8. Are there many people who speak Latin?

9. Are there many unemployed people in Europe?

10. Are there enough doctors in Italy?

TASK 46. Fill in the gaps with A FEW or A LITTLE. Act out the situations.

1.A. What would you like in your coffee?

B. Just _________sugar, please.

2. A. Are you going to buy that jacket you saw last week?

B. No. I’ve only got ______money left, so I can’t afford it.

3. A. Could I have ________more ice cubes in my drink, please?

B. Certainly.

4. A. There are still _________tickets left for the concert on Friday night.

B. Great. I’ll go and buy one now.

5. A. Only________people know that Karen used to be a famous ballet dancer.

B. Really? I had no idea.

6. A. This curry isn’t spicy.

B. Well, why don’t you add__________curry powder to it?

TASK 47. Ask and answer questions using the prompts below, as in the example.

A. Did you buy many oranges? B. No, just a few. A. Did you buy much meat? B. No, just a little.

32

Prompts: Prawns, tomato juice, green peppers, olives, coffee, bread, biscuits,

popcorn, croissants, pepper, salt, apples, bananas, pineapples, sweets, ice-cream,

milk, cherries, strawberries, beer, lemonade, cucumbers, eggs etc.

TASK 48. Fill in MUCH, MANY. Answer the questions with (A) LITTLE and

(A) FEW.

1. How_______beer did he drink?

2. How_______information was he able to give you?

3. How_______people watched the game?

4. How_______cakes did he eat?

5. How _______petrol did you put in the tank?

6. How _______spoonfuls of sugar did he put in his tea?

7. How _______sugar do you take?

8. How _______sheep are there in the meadow?

9. How _______wine is there in the bottle?

10. How _______fruit did you bring?

11. How _______luggage did you leave in the left-luggage?

12. How _______sailors were there on the ship?

13. How _______shampoo do you need?

14. How _______eggs have we got left?

15. How _______cash have you got on you?

16. How _______equipment have they brought?

17. How _______glue do you need?

18. How _______popcorn should I buy?

19. How _______ice-cream do you need?

20. How _______cheese do you want?

21. How _______paper plates do you need?

22. How _______sandwiches do you have?

23. How _______balloons do you have?

33

TASK 49. Oral work. Use MANY or MUCH with the following words, chang-

ing the words to plural if necessary. Think of appropriate contexts.

E.g. There’s not much news to share with you.

1. furniture 2. desk 3. branch 4. equipment 5. woman 6. mouse 7. advice 8. sheep 9. homework 10. goose 11. suggestion 12. description 13. popcorn 14. food

15. music 16. knowledge 17. marriage 18. information 19. news 20. mail 21. shelf 22. tooth 23. knife 24. pea 25. lettuce 26. pasta 27. advice

TASK 50. Homework. Prepare to take part in a role play.

One student is a seller and the other is a buyer. The seller has eight pictures with

the names of items to sell. The buyer has a shopping list with ten items to buy.

Prepare the pictures and act out a dialogue.

E.g. – Do you have any apples? – Yes, how many did you want / do you need? – A pound, please. – Here you are. Or – No, I’m sorry. I don’t have any.

TASK 51. Substitute LITTLE, A LITTLE, FEW, A FEW for the underlined

words. Which of these quantifiers express a negative meaning? Translate into

Russian.

1. There are several things we have to talk about.

2. A lot of food was prepared but hardly any of it was eaten.

3. Would you like some more cake?

4. There are not many people who can be trusted any more.

34

5. There’s practically no reason to apologize.

6. Hardly any people managed to attend the concert.

7. There are still some people who can be trusted.

8. What about spending two or three days in the country?

9. I think there still a drop of wine left.

10. He is not an expert but he knows something about cars.

11. A lot of people have tried, but almost none of them has succeeded.

12. There is not much you can do to help.

TASK 52. Oral work. Use THERE IS/ARE FEW/LITTLE + a noun. Choose ten

of the nouns below. Expand the contexts and translate into Russian.

E.g. There’s little furniture in my room. I need to buy a desk and a chair. (мало) It’s evening and so there are few sheep in the field. (мало, почти нет)

Nouns to choose from: hope, photo, flour, egg, beer, oil, information, hair, jew-

ellery, money, soap, homework, luggage, toast, progress, traffic, sheep, mouse,

carrot, painting, coal, biscuit, chicken, glass, toothpaste, spaghetti, pasta, experi-

ence, fun, fruit, fish, beauty, time, chocolate, rain.

TASK 53. Rephrase the sentences using (A) LITTLE, (A) FEW. Translate into

Russian.

A. I don’t know many people here at all.

B. I don’t know many people but at least I know some.

C. I haven’t got much money at all.

D. At least I’ve got some money – not much.

E. I don’t understand many of these words at all.

F. I didn’t understand very much of that story.

G. Not many people understand the value of dreams.

H. The inventor got almost no sleep that night.

35

I. At least some people understand the value of dreams.

J. I can get by on hardly any money.

K. Hardly anyone came to the meeting.

L. Yes, I’ll give you a hand. I’ve got some time to spare.

M. I hardly have any friends.

N. I’d like to see some galleries, but not many.

TASK 54. Fill in (A) FEW, (A) LITTLE, MANY, MORE.

1. Why don’t we get _______mince and make a pie?

2. I’ll get some_____ tomatoes and ______mushrooms as well.

3. There’s ____bit of orange juice. Would you like to finish it?

4. Would you like _______more lemonade? – No, thanks, I’m trying not

to drink so_____sugary drinks these days.

5. You should eat _______ vegetables. They are good for you.

6. There’s ______cream in this sauce, isn’t there?

7. There were_______people in the theatre. It was almost empty.

8. Can I have_____salt on my egg?

9. I like ______tomato sauce with my chips.

10. She has been here only two weeks, but she has already made

______friends.

11. I feel sorry for her. She has (very)___friends.

12. I’ve been able to save ____money this month.

13. Do you have___minutes? I’d like to ask you _____questions.

14. I was hungry so I ate _______nuts.

15. I like music. I like to listen to ___music after dinner.

16. After Rodney tasted the soup he added______salt to it.

17. Sometimes Margaret adds________honey and milk to her tea.

18. He’s lucky. He’s had ________-problems in his young life.

19. Max’s mailbox is usually empty. He gets ______mail.

36

20. I have______patience with people who interrupt my dinner to try to sell

me a magazine.

TASK 55. Ask and answer questions as in the example.

– Are there enough biscuits to go round? – No, there’re few / only a few left./Yes, there are a lot of biscuits.

Prompts: apples, pears, sandwiches, ice creams, strawberries, cakes, pizzas, pop-

corn, orange juice, marmalade, beer, cherries, coke, lemonade, hotdogs, plums,

nuts, honey, sugar, pasta, chocolates, coffee etc.

TASK 56. Choose the correct option.

1. I need a few/a little tomatoes, a few/a little cheese, and a/some milk.

2. How many/much rice do you want?

3. He is buying a little/a few butter.

4. She eats too many/much oranges.

5. Can you give me a/some chicken?

6. I eat less/fewer eggs.

7. This soup has too much/many salt.

TASK 57. What do you like to put on your food? Do you like to put A LOT OF

pepper on your food or just A LITTLE? Ask and answer as in the example.

A. I like to put a lot of ketchup on my chips. And you? B. Me too, but sometimes I like a little salt and vinegar instead. Do you take any vinegar with your food? …

Prompts: Salt, pepper, mustard, ketchup, oil, vinegar, sugar, cinnamon, vanilla,

mayonnaise, butter, sour cream, cheese...

37

TASK 58. Fill in the blanks with A FEW, A LITTLE, (VERY) FEW, (VERY)

LITTLE, MUCH, MANY, A LOT / LOTS OF, PLENTY OF.

A.

1. The exam results were disappointing – there were __________ students

who had passed.

2. Were there _______ people at the meeting?

3. Please, eat up; there’s _______ food.

4. It was a pleasant garden. There were flowers and __________ trees as

well as a beautiful lawn.

5. There was _______ food in the fridge so we had a snack.

6. Nowadays there are ______ families that could afford to spend their holi-

days abroad.

7. The new president was almost unknown abroad. There were ________

people who knew his name.

8. You don’t need to hurry – there’s still ________ time left.

9. I tried to help but there was ________ I could do.

10. The northeast has become a depressed area with ______ unemployment.

There are ____ jobs for school-leavers.

11. There wasn’t _______ furniture in the flat – just ________ chairs.

12. There are _______ eggs and _______ bacon. Will you go and buy some?

13. There are _______ people who can say that they always tell the truth.

14. There’s _______ dust on these books. Fetch me a duster.

15. There wasn’t _______ we could do so we went home.

16. I’ll have to work after hours today – there are ________ things to do till

tomorrow.

17. His ideas are difficult and there are ______ people who understand them.

18. His ideas are difficult but there are ______ people who understand them.

19. There was ______ hope – the patient was obviously dying.

20. The patient seemed to be dying but there still was ______ hope.

38

B.

21. Ann’s previous employer gave her a good recommendation because she

makes _______ mistakes in her work.

22. After Rodney tasted the soup, he added _______ salt to it.

23. I don’t like a lot of salt in my food. I add _______ salt to my food.

24. Jim seems to be very unpopular in his class – he has _______ friends.

25. I’ve got to go to the post office because I have ________ letters to mail.

26. Every day Max goes to his mailbox but, it is usually empty. He gets

_______ mail.

27. We got there quickly because there was _______ traffic.

28. I think you could use some help. Let me give you _______ advice.

29. There’s _______ fruit in the house – just an apple and a banana.

30. – Have you finished? – Not yet, I need _______ more time.

31. – Have you finished? – Not yet, I need _______ more minutes.

32. Into each life _______ rain must fall. (a saying)

TASK 59. Cross out the expressions that cannot be used to complete the sen-

tence correctly.

E.g. I bought ________furniture.

a. some b. a couple of x c. several x d. too much e. too many x f. a little g. a lot of h. a few x i. plenty of j. a great deal of k. a great number of x

1. I received _____letters.

2. I received _____mail.

39

3. Isabel has _____assignments.

4. Isabel has ______homework.

5. Ann is wearing ______rings.

6. Ann is wearing______ jewellery.

7. Steve has bought ______fruit.

8. Steve has bought ______apples.

9. We’ve got _______milk in the fridge.

10. We’ve got _______sandwiches in the fridge.

11. They’ve brought______oranges,_____sugar,______jam and _______big

Macs.

12. There are ____things you can do to help.

13. Don’t worry. There’s_______time.

14. He’s got______qualifications.

15. There’s ________salt in the soup.

16. She earns_______money.

17. We have got______work to do.

TASK 60. Homework. In pairs, think of a recipe and make a list of the ingredi-

ents you need. Stand in front of the class and use your list to act out a dialogue

as if you are making a shopping list for this dish. The other students try to guess

what you are planning to cook.

Model: – Now, do we have everything we need? – Well, let’s see. There are a few/little…, but there aren’t/isn’t any … – Are/Is there any …? – A few/a little, but we don’t need many/much, so that’s OK. – We need a few/little…. Have we got any? – No, we need to buy some. – All right. And how much/many… is/are there ? … Etc. … – Would you like me to help with the shopping? – Yes, please.

40

Make use of the phrases:

I don’t think we need much/many…

Well, there’s/no/hardly any few little …. left and only a little (bit of)/a few….

How many/much…have we got left?

Why don’t we get some…..and a little/a few…?

Oh, that would be nice. I’ll get a few/little more…. And some… as well.

1.3.3. ARTICLES

TASK 61. Complete the limerick below with THE, A/AN or – (no article). Can

you explain the use of the articles?

There was ____ young lady from Niger,

Who smiled as rode on ____ tiger.

They came back from ____ ride

With ____ lady inside

And ____ smile on ____ face of ____ tiger.

TASK 62.

A. Read the information on the use of articles below and fill in the gaps with

«definite» or «indefinite».

When we use the _______________ article, the message we want to commu-

nicate to out listener/reader is:

A) «You don’t know which one I mean (yet)». or B) «It doesn’t matter which one, it could be any». or C) «It’s this type of thing». or D) «One thing of this type».

41

When we use the _______________ article, the message we want to commu-

nicate to out listener/ reader is:

E) «You know which one(s) I mean, I’ve mentioned it (them) before». or F) «You know which one(s) I mean, it’s the one(s) which has (have) this

particular characteristic».

or G) «You know which one I mean, it’s the only one here/ there/in the situa-tion». or

H) «You know which one I mean, it’s the only one in the world».

B. Now match each case of the use of articles in the sentences below with the

appropriate definition above.

1. She’s got two children: a boy and a girl. The boy’s 14 and the girl’s 8.

2. She’s an architect.

3. Ann’s in the kitchen.

4. A doctor must like people.

5. Did you lock the car?

6. Could you lend me a pen?

7. Who’s the girl over there with John?

8. I haven’t seen the sun for days.

9. A spider has eight legs.

10. What did you do with the camera I lent you?

11. My brother’s going out with a French girl.

12. Don’t use your place as an ashtray.

13. It’s a good car.

14. I love listening to the wind.

42

TASK 63. Write five interesting statements, each of which combines a word

from box A with a word from box B. Make sure you use articles appropriately.

e.g.: Time is more important than money.

Time youth wisdom health death man men

gold music love humour

moon day

+

war sky night life money experience woman

women peace silver happiness intelligence

TASK 64. Use the patterns WHAT ...! or WHAT A(N) ...! to make exclama-

tions from the following.

E.g.: What good advice! What a good idea!

1 terrible weather terrible climate 2 beautiful luggage beautiful suitcase 3 difficult job difficult work

4 awful rubbish awful mess 5 clever people clever person 6 horrible tune horrible music

7 tough beef tough steak 8 fresh bread fresh loaf 9 delicious food delicious meal

TASK 65. Put in THE, A/AN or – (no article).

A Bad Customer

(1) ____ man went into (2) ____ shop and asked for (3) ____ pound of apples

which cost one shilling. (4) ____ shopkeeper gave them to him. Then (5) ____

man asked, «Could I exchange (6) ____ apples for (7) ____ pound of (8) ____

plums? (9) ____ price is (10) ____ same». (11) ____ shopkeeper agreed, took

back (12) ____ apples and gave him (13) ____ plums. (14) ____ man took them

and was going to leave (15) ____ shop. (16) ____ shopkeeper asked him for (17)

____ money.

«(18) ____ money for what?», asked (19) ____ man.

«(20) ____ money for (21) ____ plums», said (22) ____ shopkeeper.

«But I gave you (23) ____ apples for (24) ____ plums», answered (25) ____

man.

43

«Well, then (26) ____ money for (27) ____ apples.»

«But you still have your apples», said (28)____man and walked out of

(29)____shop.

TASK 66. Put in THE, A/AN or – (no article).

A.

My father owns____1. shop in_____2. village where we live. His shop

is______3. only newsagent’s in our village. It’s next to________4. post of-

fice and ____5. station, and only two minutes walk from_____6. home.

_______7. shop has been in our family for generations. I used to help my

grandfather on____8. Sunday afternoons by weighing_____9. sweets and

putting them in_____10. bags. Sometimes he would even let me

use________11. ice-cream machine, which I liked.

B.

Do you see _____1. man standing near ____2. door? He works as____3. assis-

tant in ___4. same shop as I do. Well, I saw him ___5. other day and he was

driving____6. big red Porsche. And do you see___7. expensive clothes he’s

wearing? Where does he get_____8. money to pay for it all? _____9. month ago

he didn’t have____10. penny. I told you about ___11. burglary that we had

at __ 12. shop, didn’t I? Do you think I should go to ____13. police?

C.

There must be something wrong with me. _____1. people usually think that

____2. babies are sweet and___3. teenagers are annoying. Not me. I think

_____4. babies are boring. For me, ______5. children are only interesting

from about _____6. age of two, when you can understand ____7. things that

they say. But ___8. time between ages thirteen and twenty are_____9. years

that I like best. Oh, it’s difficult at____10. times but I still prefer talking

about ___11.money with a teenager to cleaning a baby’s bottom.

44

TASK 67. Match the halves of the sentences and put in THE, A/AN or – (no article).

1. ____ diplomat is__person …

2. ____ dog is______only thing

on earth …

3. ____ actor’s ____guy …

4. ____ banker is _____man …

5. _____Americans …

6. I always pass on _____good

advice. It’s ____ only thing …

7. Save______ water, …

8. _______happiest time of any-

one’s life is …

9. When I was ____boy of 14,

my father was so ignorant I

could hardly stand to

have______old man around.

But when I got to be twenty-

one, …

10. When I was born I was so sur-

prised …

11. California is _____great

place…

12. Never lend ____books, for no

one ever returns them;

_____only books I have in my

library are _______books …

A. I was astonished at how much he

had learned in seven years. (Mark

Twain)

B. if you happen to be_____orange.

C. just after _______first divorce.

D. like___fat books and _____thin

women.

E. shower with____friend.

F. that _____other people have lent

me. (Anatole France).

G. that I couldn’t talk for___year

and___half.

H. that loves you more than you love

yourself.

I. to do with it. It is never any use to

oneself. (Oscar Wilde)

J. who, if you aren’t talking about

him isn’t listening.

K. who can tell you to go to hell in

such a way that you actually look

forward to ____trip.

L. who lends you ______umbrella

when____weather is fair and takes

it away from you when it rains.

45

TASK 68. Fill in THE, A/AN or – (no article).

A.

1. ____horses are strong animals.

2. ___ horses in the field belong to the farmer.

3. ____ wisdom is a great virtue.

4. ____ wisdom of Solomon was famous.

5. _____summer of 1999 was very hot.

6. _____English she speaks is not correct.

7. _____English is spoken all over the world.

8. _____breakfast I had this morning was delicious.

9. _____blue in that picture has faded.

10. ____man is born a sinner.

11. ____nature is beautiful in spring.

12. ____Disease is the enemy of mankind.

13. ____thief is a danger to ____society.

14. _____society of the Greeks was based on freedom.

15. Nobody knows what will happen in_____ future.

16. You must be careful in_____ future.

17. Gillian has found_____ work at the bank.

B.

18. We study _____ history of ____ Romans.

19. What’s _____ cause of _____sandstorm?

20. ______scenery in Cypress is beautiful.

21. ______ journey to Wales was lovely.

22. I saw a book on ______ floor.

23. ______furniture is often made of wood.

24. The dog lay down on ______grass.

25. ______mathematics is not easy to learn.

26. ______scissors are lying on the table.

46

27. ______ rich have a duty to help _____ poor.

28. ______ cotton of Egypt is exported to many countries.

29. What time is ___lunch?

30. Why don’t you say ____truth?

31. When I came home I found that ___money had disappeared.

32. _____gold is ____precious metal.

33. We’ll start after ___breakfast.

34. _____cholera is a dreadful disease.

35. _____sight is one of the five senses.

TASK 69. Complete the sentences with THE, A/AN or – (no article).

1. How much are ___leeks? – They’re 80 pence___pound.

2. I went to _____wonderful concert by the London Symphony Orchestra.

3. ______local school is soon to be closed.

4. I usually go to_____work by_____train.

5. Is____meat in _______oven?

6. Is this _____first time you’ve been to ____Isle of Man?

7. She’s____art teacher and he’s __electrician.

8. A lot of people give ____money to____charity at this time of year.

9. What__beautiful face that child’s got!

10. _____life is very difficult for___unemployed these days.

11. _____leader of ___Opposition is in danger of losing her seat at _____next

election.

12. I like to have ___cup of tea when I wake up in _____morning.

13. I saw ____fox this morning. I think it was _____same one I saw last week.

14. Can I have___apple?

15. _____police have had a lot of support from ____general public over this issue.

16. ____shirts on ___washing line should be nearly dry now.

17. ______people don’t like him because of his selfish attitude.

47

18. I bought my sister__ book and ___bottle of _____perfume for her birthday

but I don’t think she liked ___perfume.

TASK 70. Fill in the articles as appropriate.

I am from Winchester, Hampshire. Winchester is 1___ city in 2___United

Kingdom. I live in 3___town called 4____Taunton, which is on 5____River

Tone. I live in 6___house in 7___quiet street in the countryside. 8___street is

called Hudson Street and 9___house is old – more than 100 years old! I am

10____English lecturer at 11____college near 12___centre of 13___town. I like

14____books, music and taking 15____photographs. I usually have

16____lunch at college. I usually go 17____home by 18____car. We have all

kinds of food in 19___England. I like 20___Indian food very much. Sometimes,

I go to 21___Indian restaurant in Bath. 22____restaurant is called «Lalita's».

23____Indian food is delicious!

TASK 71. Put THE or A/AN in each space or leave the space blank.

1. ___Italians eat a lot of_____spaghetti.

2. ___most people thought that ____Beatles were _____very good group.

3. I usually drink ___glass of___milk in_____morning.

4. What’s ___difference between___rabbit and ____hare?

5. ____first person who crosses ______finishing line is____winner.

6. _____playing___guitar is___interesting hobby.

7. Helen got on ___bus and bought______ticket.

8. There’s______newspaper shop at____end of_____street.

9. We traveled there on___train.

10. ______unemployed often feel depressed.

11. Anna is learning to play_____guitar.

12. Who was____first astronaut who landed on___moon?

13. ______war between ____two countries lasted for six weeks.

48

14. Where’s_____newspaper?

15. _ ___President is ____largest cruise ship in ___world.

16. Everyone in____class agreed that____happiness was important.

17. Someone who saw___robbery called_____police.

18. When I arrived at__station I ate _____sandwich and waited for___train.

19. In_____past, ____most of____population lived in___country.

20. I needed____new pair of trousers so my mother gave me____money.

21. At _____beginning of___film, ___very tall man sat down in front of me.

TASK 72. Correct the errors in these sentences by adding or removing

A/AN/THE.

1. The milk is good for the children.

2. A present my friends gave me was wonderful.

3. Canberra is a capital of Australia.

4. Could you get loaf of bread from baker’s?

5. Old and sick need our special care.

6. The old person sometimes feels lonely.

7. The film was about a life of an artist.

8. There’s the strange person at a door.

9. Harry’s mother bought him the guitar for his birthday.

10. Where’s an electric heater? I can’t find it.

11. Jane is tallest in the class.

12. The love is a wonderful thing!

13. Tim works in a factory down the road.

14. Ocelot is a wild animal similar to leopard.

15. The judge sent George to the prison for a month.

16. Carol wants to go to a university and study to be doctor.

17. Dogs next door bark all night.

18. Spanish language is spoken by about 300 million people.

49

TASK 73. Put A/AN/THE in each space or leave the space blank.

__(1) friend of mine, Sally Milton, wanted to become ____(2) dancer when she

was ___(3) girl. Every morning before___(4) school she used to practice in

____(5) living room at____(6) home. ____(7) dancers need a lot of ____(8) ex-

ercise, so Sally used to go to____(9) gym two or three times__(10) week. In

____(11) end she got____(12) job in _____(13) theatre company and be-

came____(14) actress. In ____(15) fact,______(16) last week I saw her in

____(17) programme on _____(18) television!

TASK 74. Fill in the blanks with THE, A/AN or – (no article).

A.

1. Swimming is___great fun.

2. The plane made___terrible noise.

3. What sort of____ man is he?

4. My aunt made__fortune in America.

5. She’s made___great progress in English.

6. Vitamins are necessary for ___good health.

7. He tried without____success to find___work.

8. Telling lies is ______ very bad habit.

9. You have ____good reason for coming.

10. That man has ___long hair.

11. I’m glad that ___news is good.

12. I’ve got ___permission to park here.

13. I’m going to plant__tree in the garden.

14. – How did it happen? – _____tree was struck by lightning.

15. I’ve just received ____newsy letter from Tom.

16. This is _____excellent painting.

17. ______hope keeps me going.

18. We used _____stone to build our walls.

50

B.

19. _____spaghetti is fattening.

20. I can see _____salmon in the water.

21. I don’t like _____tuna.

22. ______cooking is my pet aversion. (I hate it)

23. ______ acoustics is ______ subject I know little about.

24. ______statistics in this report are inaccurate.

25. ______big city is always fascinating.

26. I’m going to___bed. I’ve got ___headache.

27. I often suffer from___high blood pressure.

28. I need ___picture hook to hang this picture.

29. _______life of Napoleon was very stormy.

30. _____earth doesn’t belong to us.

31. We prefer to spend our holidays in ____country.

32. ____exercise is good for ____body.

33. – Who’s at __door? – It’s ___postman.

34. I’m not ____Simpson you’re looking for.

35. You are not ____Andrew Manson I married.

36. What ___beautiful weather!


_____1. tiger is_____2. large carnivorous animal which belongs to___3. cat family.

________4. males are about three feet high and can be as long as twelve feet in-

cluding_____5. tail. There are about 8 varieties of ____6. tiger found around____7.

world. ____8. tiger is____9. wild animal, which lives in____10. jungle where

____11. water and prey are plentiful. ____12. tiger will only attack ____13. person

if it is starving or threatened. ____14. tiger is _______15. easily recognized animal

as it has thick yellow or white coat with distinctive black stripes.

51


Last summer we went to ____1. seaside for two weeks. Unfortunately we hadn’t

booked_______2. accommodation before we went, and had_____3. awful time

finding_______4. room to stay in. __________5. only room we could find was

very small, but it had_______6. lovely view of_____7. sea and was only two

minutes from_______8. beach. _____weather was very hot, and on

______9. first day I stayed out so long, I got_______10. terrible sunburn and

had to stay in______11. bed _____12. next day. After that, however, everything

went well and we had_____13. wonderful holiday.

TASK 77. A. Consult a grammar reference book to revise how you use articles

with proper names.

B. Fill in THE, A/AN or – (no article).

1. _____Grand Canyon is in___ Arizona.

2. We traveled to ______ United States by car.

3. He visited_____pyramids when he was in _____Egypt.

4. Morpeth is _____town in _____north of ____England.

5. She lives in_____castle near _____River Rhine.

6. I went shopping at_____Mace’s and bought______expensive overcoat.

7. They are going for____walk near______London Zoo in ______Regent’s

Park.

8. We visited _____ Lake Victoria. It’s in _____ East Africa.

9. There’s _____cinema in_____Bridge street called_____Odeon.

10. Anna comes from______Netherlands but she lives in _____USA now.

11. ______Malta is in_______Mediterranean.

12. _____Victoria Coach Station is near______Apollo Theatre.

13. When Vicky went to Paris she saw______Eiffel Tower and_____Louvre.

14. ____Smith’s bookshop is in___High street opposite ____Barclays Bank.

15. ____Tower of London is____popular tourist attraction.

52

16. ____Buckingham Palace is where ____Queen of England officially lives.

17. She bought____expensive necklace at____Harrods.

18. He went on ______expensive holiday to______Bahamas.

19. _____Statue of Liberty is in _____New York.

20. _____Hilton Hotel is situated near ____River Thames.

21. _____Tate Gallery is quite far from_____Science Museum, so you’d better

take a bus.

22. _____National Park was opened ______last week by ____Mayor.

23. Have you ever seen ____Acropolis in ___Athens?

24. _____British usually have ___butter on their bread.

TASK 78. Rewrite the letter, putting THE, A/AN or – (no article) in the gaps.

Dear____1.Jo and Jan,

This is___2. picture of ______3. hotel we’re staying at. We were

lucky enough to get one of _____4. rooms overlooking__ 5. sea and

_____6. view is lovely. We had _____7. good journey over here and

_____8 children quite enjoyed _____9. flight. They’ve got ____10. lovely

room of their own and they think ___11. hotel is great. In general, we’ve all

been having ____12. really good time. Unfortunately Penny got_____13. very

sunburnt back on ____14. first day so she’s had to wear _____15. T-shirt

then, but apart from that everyone’s been fine. Jeremy’s met ______16. Eng-

lish boy of about ____17. same age and they get on very well. They went into

_____18. town on their own_____19. last night and bought themselves

___20. meal. And tonight they want to go out to___21. disco – there’re plenty

to choose from here.

We’ve spent most of ___22. time on _____23. beach so

far.____24. sea is really warm and clear so we’ve done lots of

______25. swimming. Tomorrow we’re going on ____26. boat trip to one of

______27. islands and we’re going to have ____28. barbeque on ____29. is-

53

land. Anyway, I’ll give you___30. ring when we get back and we’ll see you

___31. next week.

Love,

Dan.

TASK 79. Correct mistakes in the use of articles.

A.

Nowadays it is becoming increasingly popular for the students to go on ex-

change programme. This is especially popular in the Europe. In such pro-

grammes, students can go abroad and study at foreign university for term or two.

Students have the opportunity to practise foreign language they studied at a

school.

B.

1. The people think that the climate in Mediterranean is the best in the

world.

2. They called in police to deal with the situation.

3. They gave me an incorrect information.

4. She didn’t make a very impressive progress.

5. They found a very cheap accommodation.

6. He likes the mathematics more than any other subject.

7. What a wonderful weather!

8. A house is in beautiful surroundings.

9. She’s got a dark curly hair.

10. She plays piano wonderfully.

11. They often play the soccer in England.

12. They are developing a city centre.

13. I’ll give you an advice: don’t be late again!

14. Most of students in the group are smart.

15. She went to a library to return books.

54

16. The most children like animals.

17. The gold is valuable.

18. John’s mother went to university to see the Dean.

19. He travelled by the train.

20. He’s suffering from the diabetes.

21. He was taken to the prison for shoplifting from Harrods.

TASK 80. Supply appropriate articles where necessary.

1. She served … cold meat and cheese.

2. … meat we had for Saturday lunch was tough.

3. Where did … life come from?

4. I don't know much about … life of Salvador Dali.

5. I think … red dress will suit you best…red is your colour.

6. … ….French language is spoken in …south of …Canada.

7. It was late in …afternoon and …sun was starting to set.

8. We are going to have…dinner …next Sunday.

9. …last Monday I went to …hospital to visit …friend of mine who was ill

with…tuberculosis.

10. I am going to … bed. I've got …headache.

11. I was awake all night with…toothache.

12. I think Gillian's got … flu.

13. … children are in … bed with … flu.

14. Mind you don't catch … cold.

15. … measles can be very unpleasant.

16. Don't come near me. I've got… sore throat.

17. I think I've got …cold.

18. I've got … terrible backache.

19. I often suffer from … backache.

20. She is down with … mumps.

55

21. He’s got … pneumonia.

22. … doctor told … nurse to treat … wound with some special cream.

23. My brother came … home from … university … last week.

24. Thirty years from now I will be flying off for … holiday on … moon.

25. I’ll be living in … same house.

1.4. REVISION

TASK 81. Which of the nouns below are followed by a singular verb and

which by a plural verb? Why?

trousers, scissors, athletics, bread, sugar, clothes, cattle, congratulations, bil-

liards, mumps, outskirts, riches, belongings, money, binoculars, looks, maths,

love, hope, china, tennis, cancer, measles, accommodation, clergy, courage,

knowledge, crockery, pyjamas, wages, surroundings, jeans, hair, evidence, po-

lice, advice, news, scales, politics, tights, economics, glasses, headquarters,

lodgings, acoustics.

1. Noun + Plural verb 2. Noun + Singular verb

TASK 82. A. Translate the following Russian nouns into English and put them

into the appropriate column. Which verb form do they agree with, singular or

plural?

Армия, страна, сельская местность, картины, кино, тост, чувст-

ва/эмоции, чувства/душа, бильярд, пресса, сливки, горошек, пожелание,

предложение, колготки, совет, советы, достопримечательности, пеше-

56

ходный переход, биологический вид, воздух, короткий дневной сон (have…),

пробежка (go for…), экипаж, новости, полиция, гордость, олени, красо-

та, красавица, мыши, будущее, фрукты, виноград, изюм, морской флот,

работа (2 words), товар, товары, пижама, карты, деньги, аудитория

(классная комната), аудитория (зрители/слушатели), наличные, запах,

средство (передвижения), средства, шоколад, шоколадка, шоколадная

конфета, очки, стаканы, рыба (в озере), рыба (в холодильнике), утюг, же-

лезо, администрация, бинокль, солнце, светофор, морковка, легкие закуски

и прохладительные напитки, темнота, коллектив (работники), акустика

(наука), статистика (данные).

1. English

count nouns

2. English

uncount nouns

3. English

singular nouns

4. English

plural nouns

5. English col-

lective nouns

B. Make sentences with three nouns from each column.

NB! When we talk about amounts and quantities, especially time, money and

distance, we usually use SINGULAR determiners, verbs and pronouns,

even if the noun is PLURAL:

Where IS THAT five poundS I lent you?

Twenty mileS IS a long way to walk.

TASK 83. Choose the correct form of the verb/ pronoun. Sometimes either a

singular or a plural verb is possible.

1. Gymnastics is /are my favourite sport.

2. The trousers you bought for me doesn’t/don’t fit me.

3. The committee usually raise/raises their hands to vote «Yes».

57

4. Fortunately the news wasn’t/weren’t as bad as we had expected.

5. The police wants/want to interview Fred about the robbery.

6. Three days isn’t/aren’t enough for a good holiday.

7. Where does/do your family live?

9. England has/have lost all its/their football matches this season.

10. Does/do the police know about the stolen money?

11. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine isn’t/aren’t sharp enough.

12. I’m going to take a taxi. Six miles is/are too far for me to walk.

13. – Where is/are the money? – It is/they are on the table.

14. Draughts is/are played on board with black and white squares.

15. The office is closed. The staff is/are on strike.

16. My binoculars is/are not adjusted to the focus.

17. Genetics is/are the study of genes.

18. Spaghetti cooks/cook in about 8 minutes.

19. Hair grows/grow about 1 cm a month.

20. The house was surrounded and the gang was/ were arrested.

21. Aerobics involves/involve a lot of exercise.

22. The youth was/were more serious than the uncle.

23. Physics was/were my favourite subject at school.

NB! A NUMBER OF.. , THE MAJORITY OF , A COUPLE OF… ,

A LOT OF…, THE REST OF… are quantifiers used with plural count

nouns, and so they take PLURAL verbs which agree with the main noun in

the plural:

There ARE a number of reporterS at the entrance.

TASK 84. Fill in the blanks with IS or ARE. In which cases is it possible to use

either?

A.

58

1. Mathematics _____ a very useful subject to study.

2. Manchester United _____ one of the best teams in England.

3. Cards _____ my favourite game.

4. Where _____ my cards?

5. _____ there a pair of boots that you can lend me?

6. The police _____ called if a serious accident occurs.

7. My family _____ moving to Australia.

8. The audience _____ delighted with the performance.

9. There _____ a range of lampshades available.

10. The government _____ planning a new defense scheme.

11. Where _____ my sunglasses?

12. 20 pounds _____ not much for a pair of jeans like that.

13. Where _____ my new pair of tights?

14. The crowd _____ calling for the government’s resignation.

15. When _____ the army going to attack?

B.

16. There _____ a store of old posters on the upper shelf.

17. His hair _____ covered in dust.

18. The news _____ depressing.

19. There ____ another two miles to walk.

20. As far as we know, the information _____ correct.

21. Whose _____ the money on the table?

22. There _____ a set of keys in my pocket.

23. Where _____your trousers?

24. Could you tell me where the scissors_______?

25. Tonight, there______athletics on TV.

26. Money ______easy to spend and difficult to earn.

27. Gloves _____worn in cold weather.

28. This student’s knowledge _____amazing.

59

29. Love ______ the reason for much happiness in the world.

30. This bread ____stale.

C.

31. Your pyjamas ____on the bed.

32. My advice to you _____to stay in bed.

33. Measles _____a common illness.

34. The glasses ______in the cupboard.

35. My mum’s hair _____really long.

36. Our bathroom scales ______quite accurate.

37. Darts ______a popular game in England.

38. This work _____too hard for me.

39. People _____unhappy with the new tax system.

40. There ______two hairs in the soup!

41. Cream ______fattening.

42. My luggage ______too heavy to carry.

TASK 85. Underline the correct item.

1. All of his belongings was/were in one small suitcase

2. Soccer is/are a popular game in England.

3. Aerobics do/does you a lot of good.

4. Chocolate make/makes you put on weight.

5. Most people enjoy/enjoys Christmas.

6. The money he makes is/are enough to live on.

7. The police is/are looking for the murderer.

8. Her good looks always get/gets her what she wants.

9. The young couple is/are getting married next month.

10. My advice is/are to stop smoking immediately.

11. Measles, which is/are a children’s disease, is/are dangerous for adults.

12. The audience was/were given free tickets to the next show.

60

13. The economics I learnt at school is/are out of date now.

14. Her grandparents’ death in a car accident was/were a great shock.

15. Fish is/are easy to look after as pets.

16. Television news gives/give you more information than radio news.

17. The stairs to the first floor is/are over there.

18. The information I got was/were very helpful.

19. All his clothes was/were on the floor.

20. The staff of the hospital is/are very helpful.

21. Billiards is/are played by many people.

22. The company headquarters is/are in London.

23. His luggage is/are extremely heavy.

TASK 86. Use the correct verb form.

1. Do you think three pounds _____(be) a big enough tip?

2. Our son thinks there_____(be) a number of good reasons for staying up late.

3. Fish and chips______(cost) 3 pounds.

4. A couple of dangerous-looking men ______(wait) for you outside.

5. The United States ____(be) smaller than Canada.

6. A number of us _____(be) worried about this.

7. Three weeks ____(be) not enough for a holiday.

8. The majority of the children’s families____(be) unemployed.

9. More than one person______(disagree).

10. Two kilos______(be) too small for a newborn baby.

11. Tom and Rosie were late, but the rest of us_____(be) on time.

12. Hamburger and chips_______(be) not a very healthy lunch.

13. Six weeks_____(be) a long time to wait for news of your family.

14. _______bacon and eggs what you usually eat for breakfast?

15. There_____(be) a couple of children outside.

16. The rest of the members____(be) ill.

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TASK 87. Use THE, A/AN or – (no article) to fill in the gaps.

________1. Larkins are______2. very interesting family. Mr. Larkin is

____3. travel-writer who has been all over____4. world and has writ-

ten_____5. books about ____6. China and____7. Chinese. He has also pub-

lished_____8. articles in newspapers such as ____9. Times and_____10. Observer.

His wife Sylvia, is_____11. journalist who has interviewed people like

______12. Prince of Wales and _____13. President Reagan. At ______14. moment

she’s writing____15. article about______16. homeless. Their son Jack, is

______17. professional footballer who plays in_____18. USA. He has been play-

ing____19. football since he was_____20. child. Jack met his wife, Sally,

at______21. Chicago Airport ______22. morning after he had left ______23. home

to live in______24. States. She is_____25. musician who plays______26. drums in

______27. rock band. In 28. ____ summer the whole family meet at 29. ____

Maxim’s in 30. ____ Paris, then travel by 31. ____ car around 32. ____ Europe for

34. ____ month. Last year they spent 35. ____ whole month of July in 36. ____ Por-

tugal before going back to 37. ____ work.

TASK 88. Supply appropriate articles where necessary.

1. David Franklin was riding his motorbike through ______Canadian moun-

tains.

2. The firemen rescued ____man who was trapped in ______burning building.

3. He skidded on _____banana skin and broke his arm.

4. On ______fourth day of its voyage _____Titanic crashed into ______huge

iceberg.

5. Were ______traffic lights on _____ corner red or green?

6. Where did ____event happen?

7. Thomas Edison invented _____light bulb.

8. John Mills is preparing_____expedition to ___North Pole.

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9. _____pub was so smoky that we had to leave.

10. While I get ready for___school I listen to __music.

11. The way we work will change a lot in______future, but will these changes

be for______better or for_____worse?

12. This time next week he’ll be sailing in ______Caribbean.

13. It’s two years since Steve last played_______football.

14. _____most people will work at_____home in___future. They won’t have to

drive to_____work, so it will reduce____polluion.

15. Nowadays we can make friends through_______Internet.

16. This time next month I will be skiing in____Alps.

17. ______Guardian is my favourite British newspaper.

18. I once travelled on board ______Nakhimov. Some years later it sank and

_____friend of mine drowned.

19. Is ___Everest ______highest mountain in ____world?

20. Does _____Amazon run through ___Africa or _____South America?

21. What part of ______USA does he come from?

22. ______Red square is _____heart ___Moscow.

23. ____Australians are very friendly people.

24. ______dolphin is more intelligent than ____shark.

25. In ___autumn of 1992 I spent an unforgettable day on the shore of

_____lake Michigan.

26. I’m _____happiest when I’m on my own.

TASK 89. Choose the best option given in brackets.

Of all the places in Britain ________ 1) (any/none) is as dangerous as the

Scottish Cairngarm mountains. In just _______ 2) (few/a few) minutes the

weather can change from bright sunshine to bitter cold and snow. Almost _____

3) (all/every) climbers check the weather before setting off but there are always

_____ 4) (few/a few) who go climbing no matter how _____ 5) (much/many)

63

warning they have had. They believe there is _____ 6) (few/little) danger and

that somehow the warning does not apply to them.

Sadly a considerable _____ 7) (amount/number) of climbers die each year,

but a great many more survive because of the _____ 9) (many/much) volunteers

ready to search for them. The most successful is Caitlin McQuiter, a shy woman

with _____ 10) (few/a few) friends apart from her sheep dog, Squib, _____

11) (both/all) make an inseparable team ready to go out in _____

12) (any/every) weather on their missions. When there is but _____ 13) (lit-

tle/some) hope of finding _____ 14) (anyone/none) alive, they often succeed.

With patience, determination and _____ 15) (a little/a few) luck they manage to

locate _____ 16) (a few/few) lucky climbers each year. Half-frozen after their

long searches, they refuse _____ 17) (a/any) publicity and retreat to their small

stone cottage. Strangely, _____ 18) (almost/hardly) any of the people who are

rescued ever accepts responsibility and blames the weather! _____ 19) (No

one/Every one) who is interviewed seems to forget the _____

20) (amount/number) of energy, money, and commitment that has gone into sav-

ing them.

TASK 90. Fill in the blanks with as many appropriate determiners and quantifi-

ers as you can.

E.g. How 1)_____books are there in the library? There are 2)_______.

1) many 2) a lot, plenty, a ton, loads of books, many

1. Are there enough teachers in the school? – No, there are _______.

2. How much rain is there in India? – There is ______ rain.

3. Is there much traffic in Moscow? – Yes, there is ______!

4. Is there ______ poverty in Switzerland? – No, there is ______.

5. Are there ______ baseball fans in Taiwan? – There are ______.

6. How ______ kinds of insects are there in the world? – There are ______.

7. How ______ tourism is there in Australia? – There is _______.

64

8. How ______ tourists are there in Thailand? – There are _______.

9. Is fifty dollars ______ to buy a litre of water? – It is ______.

TASK 91. Correct any mistakes in the sentences.

A.

1. The scissors in the sewing bag needs sharpening.

2. This pair of binoculars have been in this drawer for as long as I can re-

member.

3. I can’t say that economics are the subject I’ve ever been very interested

in.

4. There’s one onion and two potatos in the recipe.

5. Can you explain why my best trousers have a hole in them?

6. Where has those kitchen scales gone that we used to have?

7. No news are good news.

8. Aerobics is a form of exercise, which increases the amount of oxygen in

your blood.

9. Tights is a piece of clothing worn by women and girls.

10. The police was after the murderer.

11. What a beautiful scenery!

12. It’s very difficult to find a work nowadays.

13. Would you like two lumps of sugars?

15. All the news on TV are bad again.

B.

1. Can I have any chocolate, please?

2. He doesn’t have an experience working in an office.

3. Let me give you some advices.

4. Politics have to be left to politicians.

5. I don’t like a lot of salt on my food. I add a little salt to my food.

6. My friend arrived in London few weeks ago.

65

7. I need a little more minutes.

8. Because the family is very poor, the children have little clothes.

9. Twenty dollars are an unreasonable price for the necklace.

10. The United States are big.

11. Where’s my pyjamas?

12. Give me a chocolate, please.

13. There’re lots of yoghurt in the fridge.

14. You eat too much sweets. Your tooth will rot.

15. There’s little petrol in the tank. It will get us to the next town.

TASK 92. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Сведения были неверными.

2. Его успехи в физике потрясающие!

3. На перекрестке был светофор.

4. В письме были новости от моей двоюродной сестры.

5. Бильярд – очень модная игра.

6. В корзине – морковь, картошка и капуста.

7. Вчера на улицах было полно полиции.

8. На столе лежало много фруктов.

9. Позже были (поданы) легкие закуски и прохладительные напитки.

10. Этот виноград очень вкусный.

11. В сумке – репчатый лук, картошка, редиска.

12. – У нас есть клубника? – Нет, но есть малина.

13. – Бильярд – моя любимая игра. – А я предпочитаю карты.

14. – Какая у тебя специализация (major)? – Лингвистика.

15. – Где мой бинокль? – Oн на верхней полке.

16. – Где деньги? – Вон они, на столе.

17. Полиция уже приехала.

18. Его крупный рогатый скот – лучший в округе.

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19. Какая ужасная погода.

20. Это очень дорогие украшения.

21. Испанские власти не разрешили ему въехать в страну. (not give him…)

22. Коллектив бастует.

23. В семье все согласны с моим решением.

24. Товар уже везут в наш город. (to ship)

25. Пойдем в кино?

26. – Где моя пижама? – Сушится на батарее.

27. На столе стоят стаканы.

28. На столе лежат очки.

29. На столе – весы.

30. Комитет уже принял решение.

31. Все члены экипажа спасены.

32. Эти ножницы тупые. (blunt)

33. В этой бутылке – сливки.

34. Его советы оказались очень полезными.

35. Он ищет работу.

36. «Мона Лиза» – это произведение искусства.

37. Какой красивый пейзаж!

38. Для этой работы нужен опыт.

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SECTION 2. THE ADJECTIVE vs. THE ADVERB

2.1. FORMS AND FUNCTIONS

TASK 93. Read the sentences below. Which category A–G does each of the

words in bold print belong in? Look carefully at examples 1–6.

A

Attribu-

tive adjec-

tives be-

fore their

nouns

B

Attribu-

tive adjec-

tives after

their

nouns

C

Predica-

tive adjec-

tives after

link verbs

D

Adjec-

tives

without

nouns

E

Adverbs

which

refer to

verbs

F

Adverbs

which

refer to

adjec-

tives/

participles

G

Adverbs

which

refer to

adverbs

1. The soup had a horrible taste. (A)

2. Are there any seats available? (B)

3. The English (D) are famous (C) for their reserve.

4. I hate arriving late. (E)

5. You’ll need some finely chopped onions. (F)

6. Thank you very much. (G)

7. The soup tasted horrible.

8. It’s a daily newspaper.

9. It comes out daily.

10. He’s very well.

11. Her singing was lovely.

12. I hope everyone feels comfortable.

13. I’ll get the car ready.

14. I’m pleased to see you here.

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15. He was afraid.

16. It was a charming little house.

17. It was almost dark.

18. It will probably rain tomorrow.

19. It’s terribly cold today.

20. It’s the only solution possible.

21. Let’s go somewhere quiet.

22. She sang badly.

23. She’s interested in the supernatural.

24. She’s three years older than me.

25. The rich should help the poor.

26. The road you live in is really busy. – I’ve never seen so many cars.

27. The tree is two metres high.

28. The unemployed are losing hope.

29. They are playing unusually fast today.

30. Well done!

31. Yesterday something very strange happened.

32. You are old enough to understand this.

33. You look ill.

TASK 94. Write the sentences with the adverbs/adverbial phrases in the cor-

rect position.

1. I’ve been working (in my office/all morning/hard).

2. He speaks to me (in the morning/never/nicely).

3. We were listening (all evening/carefully).

4. She’s been sleeping (in that chair/all afternoon/soundly).

5. He is (at this time of day/usually/at the college).

6. The postman comes (in the morning/very early).

7. I thought you spoke (in that meeting/very well/yesterday).

69

8. We go swimming (on Saturdays/generally/at the local pool).

9. I bought these jeans (in the sales/very cheaply/last week).

10. He’s been (to a dentist/never/in his life).

11. He waited (patiently/in the queue/for an hour).

12. Someone knocked (quietly/at midnight/at the door).

TASK 95. The table below shows the difference between adjectives and ad-

verbs of manner. Fill in the gaps by supplying the missing forms and some ex-

ample sentences.

ADJECTIVES ADVERBS OF MANNER

Normally …+ -ly:

bad: e.g. ___________________

quiet: e.g. __________________

happy: e.g. _________________

typical: e.g. _________________

badly: e.g. ___________________

_______ : e.g. ___________________

_______ : e.g. ___________________

_______ : e.g. ___________________

SPECIAL CASES:

1. Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form:

I was ill but now I feel well again. well

e.g.________________________ fast

e.g._________________________ hard

e.g._________________________ late

e.g.________________________ early

e.g._______________________ monthly

e.g.________________________ daily

e.g.________________________ ______

e.g.________________________ ______

You did well in the test.

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

e.g.___________________

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2. Some Adjectives end in -ly and do not have an adverb form

( → in a … way/manner)

friendly: She gave me a friendly

smile.

lively: e.g.___________________

lovely: e.g.__________________

silly: e.g.___________________

lonely: e.g.__________________

elderly: e.g._________________

cowardly: e.g.________________

–/ __________________________

way

-

-

-

-

-

-/ _________________ way ______

3. Some adverbs do not have

an adjective form

-

-

hardly: e.g.___________________

lately: e.g.____________________

4. A couple of adverb forms are

irregular

good: e.g.___________________ ______ : e.g.____________________

TASK 96. Form adverbs from the following adjectives and formulate the rules.

Safe, stupid, tragic, comic, dramatic, horrible, sensible, impossible, cosy,

sleepy, witty, happy, rare, true, whole, good, cheap, loud, pretty, lazy, polite,

gentle.

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TASK 97. Divide the following words into 3 groups: Adjectives, Adverbs,

Adj./Adv.

deep, unfriendly, simply, elderly, free, incredibly, monthly, easy, best, incor-

rectly, long, lively, ugly, unjustly, much, cowardly, low, soon, recent, re-

cently, right, fast, well, good, most, terrible, unnecessary, heavy, busy, late,

lovely, badly, airmail, safely, impolitely, unbelievably.

NB! You use ADJECTIVES, not adverbs, after LINK VERBS like be, and

also

become, get, grow, go, turn:

She turned pale;

Seem, appear, look, feel, taste, smell, sound:

He looked calm; She felt cold;

Stay, remain, and some others.

Do NOT confuse link verbs with lexical verbs with denote actions and take

adverbs:

He turned angrily to the man behind him.

He looked calmly at the angry crowd.

She was cautiously feeling her way in the dark.

TASK 98. Adjective or adverb? Fill in the correct form. Translate into Russian.

1. Your perfume smells…(beautiful).

2. Don’t go up that ladder. It doesn’t look…(safe).

3. He looked at me …(angry) when I interrupted him.

4. I always feel …(happy) when the sun is shining.

5. The children were playing…(happy) in the garden.

6. I can’t eat it. It tastes…(awful).

7. These flowers smell…(nice).

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8. It was raining…(heavy).

9. The man looked…(suspicious) and behaved…(strange), so we called the po-

lice.

10. You look …(terrible)! Are you all right?

11. Do you feel…(nervous) before the examinations?

12. I found a flat quite …(easy).

13. The manager looked at him…(suspicious) when he came in.

14. Brunhilde stood up…(nervous) as the men came into the room.

15. The suitcase seemed …(heavy), but she carried it as if it were … (light).

16. That chicken tastes…(delicious).

17. This yogurt has a … (delicious) creamy flavour.

18. Dress your child in layers of clothes you can remove…(easy).

19. The guards looked really …(nasty).

20. She took the money and eyed me …(nasty).

TASK 99. Fill in the correct adjective or adverb form of the words in brackets.

1. Gillian behaved very…(bad) at the party last night.

2. You’re quite…(good) at playing the piano, aren’t you?

3. Think about it…(careful) before making a decision.

4. It makes me feel…(sad) to think of you living alone.

5. If you can’t talk…(sensible), don’t talk at all.

6. The ability to think…(logical) is an important skill.

7. I…(true) believe this to be the finest novel ever written.

8. Please don’t drive so…(fast).

9. Although I had only met him once he greeted me…(friendly).

10. You’re bound to make mistakes if you write so…(careless).

11. Linda washes her hair…(daily).

12. The meeting was very…(bad) organized.

13. My leg was hurting me. I could …(hard) walk.

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14. The driver of the car was …(serious) injured.

15. I think you behaved very…(selfish).

16. There was a…(sudden) change in the weather.

17. The train went…(smooth).

18. He’s just shaved and his face feels…(smooth).

19. The fur feels…(soft) to the touch.

20. He was singing…(soft) to himself.

NB! Some adjectives ending in -ly (friendly, lovely, fatherly, motherly, silly,

lively, ugly, cowardly etc.) form their adverbs with «in a…way/manner».

TASK 100. Change the following sentences using in a …way.

1. He slipped away like a coward.

2. I patted the dog’s head like a friend.

3. «To think we were like that», said Maud, as if she were their mother.

4. I hope he’ll treat Jim like his father.

5. Pat giggled like a silly girl.

6. He stared straight at Elizabeth. He looked unfriendly.

NB! Some adverbs look the same as related adjectives: daily, early, fast,

hard, late, monthly, easy, low, best, free, deep, long, right etc.

TASK 101. Adjectives or adverbs? Translate the sentences into Russian and ex-

plain the difference.

1. She gets paid daily.

2. My daily journey to work takes 2 hours.

3. Early to bed, early to rise…

4. It’s an early bird that catches the worm.

74

5. It was a fast journey.

6. Their population is growing fast.

7. The exam was easy.

8. Just take it easy.

9. The snow has frozen hard.

10. You’ve been working much too hard.

11. Spring is late this year.

12. They stayed up late to watch the election results on TV.

13. Do feel free to ask questions.

14. He gave me a free ticket for the concert.

15. Babies are allowed to travel free on buses.

16. It won’t take long to finish the job.

17. She wore a long dress reaching down to her feet.

18. The river is very deep here.

19. He pushed his stick deep down into the mud.

NB! Some pairs of adjectives and adverbs have different meanings:

deep/ly, free/ly, hard/ly, high/ly, last/ly, late/ly, near/ly, pretty/prettily,

short/ly, wide/ly.

TASK 102. Underline the correct item. Translate the sentences into Russian.

1. Computers are wide/widely used in schools nowadays.

2. The arrow flew wide/widely off the target.

3. Students can enter the museum free/freely on Saturdays.

4. He free/freely admitted to being a liar.

5. I like sitting near/nearly the fire.

6. Be careful! You near/nearly crashed into that cyclist.

7. She left too late/lately to catch the train.

8. Have you seen any new films late/lately?

75

9. The death of his friend affected him deep/deeply.

10. To find water they had to dig deep/deeply into the ground.

11. I think he’s a pretty/prettily good singer, actually.

12. The little girl laughed pretty/prettily at the sight of the puppy.

13. He tries very hard/hardly to make her happy.

14. She used to be a great musician, but she hard/hardly plays at all now.

15. Tommy came last/lastly in the 100m sprint.

16. Last/lastly, I would like to thank the caterers for providing such deli-

cious food.

17. Mr Tibbs isn’t in at the moment, but he’ll be here short/shortly.

18. The policemen stopped short/shortly when they saw the robber had a

gun.

19. The eagle was flying high/highly above the mountains.

20. My father is a high/highly respected surgeon.

2.2. COMPARISON

TASK 103. The tables below show the way adverbs and adjectives build forms

of comparison. Consult a grammar reference book and complete the table below

by supplying the missing forms and some example sentences.

COMPARISON: ADJECTIVES

POSITIVE FORM COMPARATIVE

FORM

SUPERLATIVE

FORM

1. One-syllable adjectives:

hot

large

long

+ …ER THAN …

________

________

________

THE +…EST (of all/in…)

________

________

________

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2. Two-syllable adjectives:

2.1. ending in -y:

happy

funny

pretty

2.2. ending in -ly:

friendly

early

________

2.2. ending in -er:

clever

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

3. Other two-syllable adjec-

tives:

pleased

modern

afraid

common

4. Three- and multi-

syllable adjectives:

confident

intelligent

________

MORE … THAN …/

LESS … THAN …

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

THE MOST …/ LEAST

(of all/in…)

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

77

IRREGULAR FORMS:

good

bad

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

________

Other comparative structures:

AS … AS … :

e.g. Anna is as beautiful as her sister. e.g.________________ ___________________ e.g.________________ __________________

NOT SO/AS… AS… :

e.g. Anna is not so clever as her sister. e.g.________________ __________________ e.g.________________ __________________

THE … + ER/ MORE…,

THE … + ER/ MORE…:

e.g. The more expensive the ring, the better. e.g._______________ __________________ e.g._______________ __________________ e.g.________________ __________________ e.g.________________ __________________

COMPARISON: ADVERBS

POSITIVE FORM COMPARATIVE

FORM

SUPERLATIVE

FORM

Normally:

Carefully

Quickly

MORE __________

________________

MOST _____________

_________________

SPECIAL CASES:

adverbs that look the same as related adjectives, change like adjectives

Fast ___________ ___________

78

Hard

Early

________

________

________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

IRREGULAR FORMS:

Badly

Well

Little

Much

Far

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

___________

Other types of comparative structures:

AS … AS … :

e.g. Он бежал так бы-стро, как мог. → ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

NOT SO/ AS… AS… :

e.g. Он выполнил это уп-ражнение не так хоро-шо, как предыдущее. → ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

THE MORE…/…+ER

THE MORE…/…+ER:

e.g.Чем более вежливо ты просишь, тем бы-стрее добьешься сво-его. → ____________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ e.g. Чем быстрее мы пойдем, тем раньше туда доберемся. → ___________________ ___________________ ___________________ ___________________

TASK 104. Write the comparative and superlative of the following adjectives.

Boring, cheap, fine, full, funny, handsome, hard, honest, interesting, lazy, light,

nervous, sad, safe, silly, sorry, stupid, uncomfortable, useful, violent, wet, reli-

79

able, new, easy, cruel, polite, simple, lucky, tiny, busy, pretty, fashionable, real,

wrong, safe, wise, free, clear.

TASK 105. Complete Betty’s letter using the adjectives from the list in the cor-

rect form of comparison.

Long, warm, nice, old, busy, good, happy, easy, slow, old, fast, enjoyable.

Dear Paul,

I’m finally now in London, after the 1.… train ride I’ve ever had. It’s 2.… than

I expected. The city is 3….than Birmingham and the buildings are 4… . We’re

staying in the 5. … hotel I’ve ever seen but it has the 6….service. John is 7. …

than he’s been for a long time. It’s 8…. to get around than I had imagined but

it’s a good idea to avoid the Northern Line on the tube because it’s the 9. …one.

Tomorrow, we’re going to visit Eton College, the 10….school in England.

We’re going to travel by train because it’s the 11… and the 12….way to get

there. Bye for now.

Love,

Betty

TASK 106. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms and than where appropriate.

What was life like when I was a girl? Well, I think it was 1._____(good)

____life now. It was 2.______(good) time of my life. When I was

3.____(young), people were 4._______(happy), and 5.____(polite)____they are

now. Also, things were 6.____(cheap) and money lasted a lot

7.________(long)______nowadays. Some say that life is 8.________(exciting)

nowadays. It’s true that you can travel 9.________(far) and

10.________(fast)________when I was a girl and there’s a lot

11.________(much) choice of entertainment. But on the whole, I think life is

much 12.______(bad) nowadays.

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TASK 107. In pairs, use pictures and the prompts below to compare life now

and in the past. Think about: life; people; dwellings; transportation; work; cities;

streets; education.

Example: A. Life used to be harder in the past than it is now.

B. I agree. These days life seems to be much easier.

Prompts: Hard/easy, work short/long hours, noisy/quiet, healthy/unhealthy,

slow/fast, exciting/boring, inconvenient/convenient, safe/dangerous, clean/dirty,

clean/polluted, rich/poor, expensive/cheap.

TASK 108. Use the ideas below to make up sentences containing superlatives.

1. Last night there was a terrible storm. Nobody could remember a worse one.

2. Rita is a very ungrateful girl. In fact I can’t remember meeting anyone as un-

grateful as her.

3. Last night we saw a marvelous production of Carmen. I can’t remember see-

ing such a marvelous production before.

4. I’ve never met anyone as lazy as Carl.

5. Tom told me of the break up of his romance with Liz. I haven’t heard such a

sad story for ages.

6. None was as helpful and kind as Patricia when I first came to work in the of-

fice.

7. I haven’t had such a delicious meal for a long time.

8. I haven’t been to such a noisy party for a long time.

9. In Cyril’s opinion Maria was prettier than any of the girls at the dance.

10. I have never met such an ignorant person before.

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TASK 109. Put the adjectives and adverbs in brackets in the comparative form.

Feel Young and Bright with SUPPAVITE

Are you not ……(1.young) you used to be? Do you

feel….and…(2.tired) in the mornings? When you get in from work, do you

get ready to go out…(3.quickly) possible so that you can go and meet your

friends? No? You probably go out ….(4.often) now than you used to. You

just don’t seem to have the energy for it anymore. You used to do everything

so much….(5.enthusiastically), but now all you want to do is stay at home.

What you need is Suppavite, an amazing new vitamin supplement that

will restore some of that youthful energy. After a couple of weeks of taking

Suppavite, you’re likely to find that you’re getting up …(6.early), getting

things done….(7.fast) and approaching life….(8.energetically) and

…(9.optimistically) than you have done for years.

Your friends will wonder how you are coping so much….(10.well) with

the rigours of daily life than they are.

TASK 110. Use the comparative form of the adjective/adverb in brackets.

1. My mother’s driving is getting____and_____ (dangerous) as the years go by.

2. My temper is getting______and______(bad).

3. It’s getting _______and_________(hard) to find time for everything you

want to do.

4. The ________he ignores her, the ________(miserable) she gets.

5. The _______ ice-cream he eats, the___________(fat) he gets.

6. The _______you eat, the________(full) you get.

7. The ________I try, the _______(successful) I am.

8. The _______(long) I carried the box, the_________(heavy) it became.

9. The noise got_______(loud) and_______(loud) until I couldn’t bear it any

longer.

10. The________(high) he jumped, the______(loud) the crowd cheered.

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11. Cars are getting_______(cheap) and________(cheap) as the years go by.

12. The _____(early) we set off, the________(early) we’ll arrive.

13. The______(old) he gets, the_______(tall) he grows.

14. It rained _____(hard) and_____(hard) until the river burst its banks.

15. The _____(rich) you are, the______(few) friends you have.

16. Life is getting ______(hard) and________(hard).

17. The ____(old) she gets, the______(sophisticated) she becomes.

TASK 111. Put the words into the comparative adjective or adverb form.

1. I sleep much…(heavy) than I used to.

2. She’s become much…(happy) since she stopped seeing Derek.

3. He has to work a lot…(hard) in this new job than he used to in his old

one.

4. I always feel …(healthy) when I’m on holiday than when I’m at work.

5. It all happened…(sudden) than I was expecting.

6. I think the meal’s going to be …(expensive) than we anticipated.

7. That child ate …(hungry) than any child I’ve ever seen.

8. This curry tastes…(hot) than you usually make it.

9. I occasionally go to the gym but I should go …(frequent) than I do.

10. He was injured…(serious) than any of the others.

11. He made me…(furious) than I’ve ever been in my life.

12. He treats her…(considerate) now than he used to.

13. The weather has turned…(cold) recently.

14. Your hair looks much…(nice) like that.

15. I wish she would write …(clear).

16. I hope this exam is…(easy) than the one I did yesterday.

17. She took the news…(calm) than I thought she would.

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TASK 112. Write the comparative or superlative form of a word from the box

for each blank.

Beautiful early fast fluently hard late easily peacefully quickly sensitively

1. If we don’t walk ____, we’ll never arrive on time.

2. She sings_____than anyone else I’ve ever heard.

3. Andy’s the most intelligent, but Sue works_______.

4. Eight is late- could you possibly get here any______?

5. Of all the children Helen writes_______.

6. I would sleep________if I weren’t worried about Tom.

7. For the 10.20 train,______we can leave home is 10.

8. Mark speaks French_____of all the boys in his class.

9. German is the language he speaks________.

10. Walk a bit_______. We’re going to be late.

TASK 113. Give the correct form of the adverb.

1. She drives (careful) ___________ than he does.

2. I think Sarah works (hard) ___________ of us all.

3. He helps me (little) ___________ than he used to.

4. The kite flew (high) ___________ in the sky.

5. The bridesmaids were (pretty) ___________ dressed in pink.

6. The treasure was buried (deep) ___________ underground.

7. She (near) ___________ fainted when she heard the news.

8. Children under 5 years old travel (free) ___________.

9. He speaks (soft) ___________.

10. Helen speaks Spanish (fluent) ___________ than a year ago.

TASK 114. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms, and than, of or the where

appropriate.

1. Can you come (early)?

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2. Can’t you drive any (fast)?

3. Could you talk (quiet)?

4. I’m getting (fat) and (fat).

5. Mary’s (tall) her three sisters.

6. Mary’s (tall) of the four girls.

7. Now he visits us (often) than before.

8. Now we see a lot (much) of him than before.

9. They put on two classes – one for (clever) students and one for (slow)

learners.

10. This way, it’s (easy) to see.

11. We’re going (slow) and (slow).

12. We’ve all got (terrible) voices, but I sing (bad) of all.

13. Your accent is (bad) mine.

14. You speak English (good) than anyone I know.

15. (old) I get, (happy) I am.

16. (dangerous) it is, (much) I like it.

17. (much) I study, (little) I learn.

18. (much) money he makes, (much) useless things he buys.

19. How do you like your coffee? – (strong), (good).

20. Usually (hard) you try, (much) you achieve.

TASK 115. Put the adjectives and adverbs into the comparative or superlative

form.

1. This seems to be a_______(sensible) system than the one we use.

2. When our football team played last week (the score was 0/0) the crowd

were_________(excited) than today (the score was 3/3).

3. Caruso had _____(magnificent) tenor in Italy.

4. Ms. Jones is _______(sympathetic) doctor than Ms. Reeds. I’d better con-

sult Ms. Reeds.

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5. He’s __________(remarkable) man I have ever interviewed

6. This is ________(pretty) picture than the one I saw yesterday.

7. It was _________(marvelous) performance I have ever seen.

8. He looked at me _________(angrily) than an hour ago.

9. She paints __________(frequently) now as she is pressed for time.

10. He ran _____(quickly) ______possible to the nearest telephone box.

11. I think he’s bought ______(beautiful) car than the one he had. – Tastes dif-

fer, you know!

12. Peter is _________(smart) in the family.

13. I have never met ________(efficient) secretary than Helen. Why doesn’t he

dismiss her?

14. Geoff ran even__________(good) than Eric, but Tom ran _______(good)

of all.

15. His composition was _____(bad) in the group. – No wonder! He should

have worked _____(hard).

16. I have never seen ________(beautiful) landscape than this before!

17. It will run ________(smoothly) if you put more oil on it.

18. Football is _______ (exciting) than cricket.

19. She lives 3 miles _______(far) away from the office than I do.

20. This car is twice________(expensive) ______that one.

21. Let’s hope there won’t be any _________(far) delays.

22. Is that _______(fast) you can drive?

TASK 116. Write comparative sentences, using emphatic far more/far less,

much/more, or much/less.

1. Constable was _______(quiet) man than Turner.

2. Kevin plays the guitar _______(good) than George.

3. Pele is ______(popular) in South America than in Europe.

4. Andy is _____(intellectual) than Dan.

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5. Tom is ______(bored) by the lecture than Mike.

6. The red dress was _______(expensive) than the green one.

7. His car is ________(fast) than mine.

8. Tony is__________(polite) than his brother Jack.

9. In real life Liz seemed to be _________(beautiful) than in the photo. She was

absolutely stunning!

10. Ann is _______(romantic) than Derek. It’s not surprising! He’s a man.

11. He was _____(old) than I remembered him.

12. He drove _________(carefully) than he should have.

TASK 117. Composition time. Write a short composition comparing the lives of

two people doing very different jobs: a farm labourer and a bank clerk perhaps,

or a shop assistant and a teacher. Write about the hours they work, the money

they earn, their working condition, their holiday. Use the prompts: well paid/low

paid, stressful, dangerous, hard, long hours, flexible, part-time/full-time etc.

TASK 118. Find out some of the following things and write sentences.

Who: sings best/worst, cooks better/worse than you, can run fastest, gets up ear-

liest/latest, goes to bed later/earlier than you, gets better/higher grades, works

hardest, speaks more/less fluently/distinctly than you, dresses better, laughs

loudest, misses classes most often etc.

2.3. REVISION

TASK 119. Spot the mistakes (1–3 in each sentence) and correct them.

1. More women are involved in the politics than in every country in world.

2. To get to leisure centre, go along the Coronation Avenue and take first right.

3. Anyone can have look at church even if they don’t go to the church on Sun-

days.

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4. If you drive so careless you’ll bump into that tree.

5. The pollution is very great problem in world today.

6. Traffic was so heavy that we couldn’t cross a road.

7. She speaks perfectly English language.

8. Tiger has escaped from zoo.

9. Fish I caught yesterday were bigger then the ones I’ve caught today.

10. The vegetarians never eat the meat.

11. A chair is least comfortable than he armchair.

12. I’m taking a dog for walk.

13. I didn’t like actor who played a villain.

14. He always stays at Ritz when he goes to the Great Britain.

15. Does your watch keep a good time?

16. John is not so athletic than Nick.

17. She was an only one who understood the Russsian.

18. She always dresses untidyly.

19. It’s easy said than done.

20. Less people come to the party the best.- No, more- merrier.

21. Yesterday evening fire badly damaged Grand Hotel.

22. After she had done washing – up she went shopping.

23. You will make a good progress if you make the exercises carefully.

24. The driver stopped shortly.

25. He’s the nicest when he’s had a few drinks.

26. Call me if you need farther information.

TASK 120. Translate into English.

1. Она быстро ответила на вопрос.

2. Певцы плохо выступили.

3. Ты вела себя глупо.

4. Пошли это письмо по электронной почте.

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5. Она встала сегодня очень поздно.

6. Я играю лучше, чем ты.

7. Поезд прибыл рано.

8. Я за последнее время прочитала 3 книги.

9. Он чуть не упал с лошади.

10. Самолет летел очень высоко.

11. В прошлую среду я очень упорно работала.

12. Он посмотрел на незнакомца подозрительно.

13. Вы хорошо готовите.

14. Эта музыка красивая. /звучит хорошо/

15. Это яблоко невкусное.

16. Это самое ценное кольцо в его коллекции.

17. Я сейчас читаю гораздо меньше, чем раньше.

18. Она почти ничего не ела за обедом.

19. Мне нужна дополнительная информация.

20. Моя комната больше, чем твоя.

21. Я купила самое последнее издание этой газеты.

22. Она моя старшая сестра.

23. Кто самый старший в группе?

24. Вы слышали последние новости?

25. У меня меньше денег, чем у тебя.

26. Мой стол самый аккуратный в офисе.

27. Сара работает усерднее всех в группе.

28. Это самый плохой отпуск в моей жизни.

29. Попробуй говорить медленнее. Ей будет легче тебя понимать.

TASK 121. Proofread the following sentences (find and correct mistakes, if any).

1. I waited nervous in the waiting-room before the interview.

2. He thinks he is the world’s strong man.

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3. Why were you so unfriendly when I saw you yesterday?

4. Tim’s French is not very good but he speaks German perfect.

5. She speaks fluently English.

6. She’s the fastest player of the team.

7. Don’t walk so fast! Can you walk slowlier?

8. The children behaved very good.

9. The company’s financial situation is not well at the moment.

10. Why don’t you write to me a bit oftener?

11. She’s older than I.

12. Her illness wasn’t as serious than we thought.

13. Now it’s the hardest to find a job than 20 years ago.

14. Is your headache better? – No, it’s the worst.

15. The earliest we leave, the sooner we’ll arrive.

16. She’s the cleverest from them all.

17. I’m very tired. I can’t walk more far.

18. What’s your less favourite subject? – I hate Maths.

19. Your joke was more funnier of his one.

20. Love is the most important in the world.

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REFERENCES

1. Biber, D. Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English / D. Biber, S. Conrad, G Leech, – Наrlоw : Longman, 2003. – 487 р. 2. Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary оn CD-ROМ. HarperCollins Publishers, 2003. 3. Dean, M. English Grammar Lessons. Upper-Intermediate. – Oxford : OUP, 1993. – 172 р. 4. Fall, D. First Certificate Avenues. D. Fall, A. Kelly. – Cambridge : СUР, 2000. – 193 р. 5. Hashemi, L. English Grammar in Use Supplementary Exercises / L. Hashemi, R. Murphy. – Cambridge : СUР, 2005. – 136 р. 6. Key, S. Inside Out. Intermediate / S. Key, V. Jones. – Oxford : Macmil-lan Publishers Ltd, 2004. – 160 р. 7. Key, S. Inside Out. Upper-Intermediate / S. Key, V. Jones – Ox-ford :Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 2001. – 160 р. 8. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture / ed. Director D. Summers. – Наrlоw : Longman, 1992. – 1528 р. 9. Redman, S. English Vocabulary in Use. Pre-Intermediate and Interme-diate / S. Redman, – Cambridge, 2002. – 270 р. 10. Redman, S. English Vocabulary in Use. Upper-Intermediate / S. Redman, – Cambridge, 2001. – 296 р. 11. Swan, M. Practical English Usage / M. Swan. – Oxford : Oxford Univer Press, 1995. – 639 р. 12. Swan, M. How English Works / M. Swan, C. Walter. – Oxford : OUP, 2002. – 358 р. 13. Tompson, A., Martinet, A. A Practical English Grammar / A. Tompson, A. Martinet – Oxford : Oxford Univer Press, 2001. – 383 р.

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Учебное издание

FOCUS ON NOMINALS: PRACTICE GRAMMAR BOOK

FOR INTERMEDIATE LEARNERS OF ENGLISH

Учебное пособие для вузов

Составители: Бочарова Марина Владимировна,

Ульянова Нина Павловна.

Редактор: И.Г. Валынкина

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http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: [email protected]

Отпечатано в типографии Издательско-полиграфического центра Воронежского государственного университета.

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practice grammar book for intermediate learners of english

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