PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6) 2012-03-27/28
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Transcript of PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6) 2012-03-27/28
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PP
PRACTICE CLASS #5 (#6)2012-03-27/28
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Today …
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WE WILL GET PPs OUT OF THE WAY…
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page 119 – exercise 5 (a-e)IN IN
AT ON OF
OFF /ON AT
AGAINST
WITH
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page 119 – exercise 5 (f-i)
IN
IN
TO
BY
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page 119 – exercise 6 (a-d)
PREP ADV
PREP ADV
PREP PREP
PREP
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page 119 – exercise 6 (e-h)ADV
ADV
PREP
ADV
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page 119 – exercise 6 (i-j)PREP ADV
PREP
CONJUNCTION
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DIGRESSION: BUT – parts of speech• BUT can be a CONJUNCTION:
– It wasn’t the red skirt but the blue one.– By the end of the day we were tired but happy.– I am sorry but I can’t stay any longer.– I had no choice but to sign the contract.
• BUT can be an ADVERB:– There were a lot of celebrities there: Tom Cruise and Angelina Jolie, to
name but two.• BUT can be a NOUN:
– With so many ifs and buts, it is better to wait.• BUT can be a PREPOSITON:
– The problem was anything but easy.– Everyone was there but him.– I came last but one in the race. (next to last)
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BASIC PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS
PREPOSITIONAL MEANINGS
SPACE
TIME
PROCESSCONTINGENCY
OTHER MEANINGS
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SPACEPrepositions denoting spatial relations can be classified into several subgroups on the
basis of two criteria:
TYPE OF REFERENCE POINT
STATIC OR DYNAMIC POSITION
Type of reference point:
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TIME
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PROCESS
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CONTINGENCY
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OTHER MEANINGS
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page 118 – exercise 4 (a-e)
TIME: location TIME: location
SPACE: surface, direction SPACE: location, point
SPACE: point, direction
SPACE: point, direction (destination)
SPACE: surface, location
SPACE: surface, direction
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page 118 – exercise 4 (f-j)
CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal
CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal
SPACE: area, direction
CONTINGENCY: purpose, goal SPACE: location, point
TIME: metaphorical extension of the meaning of space
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page 118 – exercise 4 (k-o)
SPACE: surface, direction
SPACE: line, location, relative position
SPACE: metaphorical extension of space
PROCESS: instrument
PROCESS: instrument
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page 119 – exercise 4 (p-t)CONTINGENCY: cause, reason PROCESS: agent
TIME: location PROCESS: manner
PROCESS: manner
CONTINGENCY: condition
OTHER: respect
CONTINGENCY: concession
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THE ENDOF PREPOSITIONS AND THE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
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THE LAST TOPIC BEFORE THE MID-TERM EXAM
ADVERBIALS
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d)
AdvP
finite clause
verbless clause
PP PP finite clausePP
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clause AdvP finite clause
PP non-finite clause AdvP
PP
AdvP PP
PP PP
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k)
PP
verbless clause PP
non-finite clause
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Page 128 – exercise 2 (a-d)
adjunct
disjunct adjunct
adjunct
adjunct
PP
AdvP PP
-ING (n-f) clause
AdvP
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Page 128 – exercise 2 (e-h)
adjunct adjunct
adjunct
conjunct
adjunct adjunct
PP PP
AdvP OR NP
INF (n-f) clause
finite clause AdvP
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Page 128 – exercise 2 (i-l)
adjunct adjunct
adjunct
adjunct
adjunct
AdvP NP
AdvP
AdvP
AdvP
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Page 128 – exercise 2 (m-p)
adjunct
adjunct adjunct
adjunct
adjunct
finite clause
PP AdvP OR NP
AdvP
AdvP
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LET’S NOW GO BACK TO…
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EXERCISE #1 AND ANALYZE THE FUNCTIONS THERE.
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (a-d)
AdvP
finite clause
verbless clause
PP PP finite clausePP
adjunct
adjunct
adjunct
adjunct adjunct adjunctadjunct
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (e-h) non-finite clause AdvP finite clause
PP non-finite clause AdvP
PP
AdvP PP
PP PP
disjunct adjunct adjunct
conjunct adjunctadjunct adjunct adjunct
adjunct
adjunct adjunct
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Page 128 – exercise 1 (i-k)
PP
verbless clause PP
non-finite clause
adjunct
adjunct adjunct
disjunct
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THE ENDThank you for your time!