Practical Distribution and Substation Automation (incl. communications) for Electrical Power Systems
Practical Power Distribution
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PRACTICAL POWER DISTRIBUTION
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Topics
• History and growth of power distribution
• Typical characteristics of a power distribution system
• Main components of a distribution system
• Main equipments in a distribution system
• Electrical safety and power security
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Governing Principles of Power Distribution
• Safety of operating personnel and plant assets
• Reliable power supply (continuity of power)
• Adequate quality of power
• Prevention of load generated problems
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Consumers’ Responsibility
• No power system is 100% trouble-free
• Consumer should know supply behaviour and parameters
• Preempt problems by proper design and selection of consumer owned equipment
• Minimise adverse impact on power supply system
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History and Growth of Power Distribution• ac vs. dc
– Edison vs. Tesla (backed by Westinghouse)
• ac won out because of several benefits– Higher efficiency of transmission– Minimises voltage drop– Transformation of ac voltage is easy
• First ac installation in Niagara Falls in USA
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Benefits of a 3-phase AC Power System
• Higher power output for a given size of motor
• Better conductor economy per unit power
• Self starting induction motors
• Better synchronising torque makes parallel operation of alternators possible
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Connection Configurations of Source and Load
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Connection Configurations of Source and Load
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Connection Configurations of Source and Load
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Connection Configurations of Source and Load
Technology Training that Workswww.idc-online.com/slideshare
Types of Power Distribution
• Utility– Dispersed loads– Mix of large and small loads
• Residential (domestic)– Small, perhaps single phase– Daily and seasonal load cycle
• Buildings (commercial/business premises)– Similar in nature to domestic but different daily cycle
• Industrial– Larger loads concentrated in a small area– Load fluctuations and load generated problems
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Industrial Distribution Components
• An incoming section • In-plant emergency/standby generation and associated
distribution system• A primary distribution system, usually medium/high voltage • A step down transformer section • A secondary low voltage distribution system• Control gear for individual loads• Supervisory control system
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Main Equipment Types
• Circuit isolation devices• Circuit switching devices (circuit breakers)• Transformers• HV and LV distribution equipment• Motor control panels• DC supply system • Power system protection • Cable (or overhead line based) distribution systems• Earthing system• Power quality improvement equipment
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Electrical Safety and Power Security
• Electricity-a good servant but a bad master
• Safety is a predominant issue
• Legislative requirements
• Standards for ensuring quality and reliability
• Good O&M practices to ensure power security
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DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information, please visit:
http://idc-online.com/slideshare