Considerations for Designing an Intelligent Motor Control Center
Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address Systems
description
Transcript of Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address Systems
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Practical Considerations for designing Road Tunnel Public address SystemsPeter J Patrick
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GenesisGovernments world wide have legislated intelligibility into the requirements for audio announcement systems for emergency / evacuation control. This applies to all situations and locations - including public road tunnels, bus-way tunnels and associated egress tunnels
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Design Environment In spite of the critical nature of the announcement system in tunnels the cost of the system is small in overall terms. Project managers in the past have not understood the level of expertise required. Designs have been provided by manufacturers distributors and others but the outcomes have not been meritorious. In fact few if any Australian Tunnels appear to have been equipped with announcement systems which meet the requirements of AS 1670.4
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The Tunnel itself
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Whats the required Outcome ?1.00.750.60.450.3ExcellentGoodFairPoorBad
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Design Procedure in common use
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EASE & EASERA were used in this investigation - CATT and Odeon should give the same or similar results
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Including Noise levels
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Alternative methodAudio Signal MixerPink Noise genGraphic Equaliser
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Factors affecting the outcome Reverberation Noise Early / Late energy ratio Loudspeaker arrivals Reverberant decay Echoes Masking Fidelity Distortion
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The STIPa test for STI
Figure 2. Easera SysTune Display - Spectra produced by STIpa test signal generator (NTi Audio MR-PRO)
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Masking with increasing SPLSTI Rating
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STI
SPL in dB(A)
STI reading
STI vs SPL in a perfect environment
Sheet1
Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000
First modulation frequency1.000.632.001.250.802.50
Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50
Level50556065707580859095100105110
STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.69
Sheet1
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STI
SPL in dB(A)
STI reading
STI vs SPL in a perfect environment
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Figure 3. SPL vs STI reading according to NTI Audio, XL2
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Creating an Accurate Model
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Reverberation Time
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The influence of open tunnel ends
Chart1
0.0281501340.06976744190.1176470588
0.02247191010.05617977530.0956937799
0.01778154110.04477611940.0769230769
0.01427600270.03614457830.0625
0.01145350420.02912621360.0506329114
0.00897052540.02290076340.04
0.00718931870.0184049080.0322580645
0.00575973670.01477832510.025974026
0.0045766590.01176470590.0207253886
0.00360762760.00928792570.0163934426
0.00288818590.00744416870.0131578947
0.0022935780.00591715980.0104712042
0.00180707340.00466562990.0082644628
0.00144618140.003735990.0066225166
0.00115727980.00299102690.0053050398
0.00090435380.00233826970.0041493776
0.00072361390.0018714910.0033222591
0.00057897490.00149775340.0026595745
0.00045955880.00118906060.0021119324
0.00036193790.00093662190.0016638935
0.00028957130.00074943790.0013315579
0.00022983220.0005948840.0010570825
0.00018100170.00046853040.0008326395
0.00014480660.00037485940.0006662225
0.00011584860.000299910.000533049
0.0000905090.00023432010.0004164931
0.00007240850.00018746490.0003332223
Egress Tunnel
Bus Tunnel
Road Tunnel
Tunnel Length in Metres
Area of ends as portion of total surface area in percent
Sheet1
Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000
First modulation frequency1.000.632.001.250.802.50
Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50Bus Tunnel 60m2 cross sectionMulti Lane road Tunnel 200 m2 cross sectionEgress Tunnel 8.4 m2 cross section
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05
503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42
634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54
805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66
1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75
Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83
STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91
2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98
25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03
31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07
40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11
50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14
63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16
80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19
1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2
1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21
1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22
0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23
0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24
0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24
0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25
0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25
6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25
8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26
10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26
0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26
0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26
20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26
0.045Error caused by modelling a 500m bus tunnel at 100metres to save computation time
0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025
0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18
0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%
0.065
0.07
0.075
0.08
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
503.183.342.58
633.854.122.99
804.645.083.42
1005.466.123.84
1256.357.304.25
1607.408.764.69
2008.3810.205.06
2509.3811.735.41
31510.4013.385.73
40011.1415.116.02
50012.2816.716.250.61
63013.1218.306.460.37
80013.8919.846.64
1,00014.5221.156.78
1,25015.0622.346.9
1,60015.5723.497
2,00015.9624.387.08
2,50016.2925.157.14
3,15016.5625.817.2
4,00016.8026.397.24
5,00016.9826.837.27
6,30017.1327.217.3
8,00017.2527.527.32
10,00017.3427.767.34
12,50017.4227.957.35
16,00017.4828.127.36
value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in secondsReverberation Time vs surface absorption for 2,000 m tunnel20,00017.5328.257.37
0.00544.71 value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in seconds
0.0131.580.002556.40
0.01524.380.00544.71
0.0219.840.007537.02
0.02516.710.0131.58
0.0314.420.01524.38
0.03512.670.0219.84
0.0411.30.02516.71
0.04510.190.0314.42
0.059.270.03512.67
0.0558.510.0411.3
0.067.850.04510.19
0.0657.290.059.27
0.076.80.0558.51
0.0756.370.067.85
0.085.990.0657.29
0.0855.650.076.8
0.095.340.0756.37
0.0955.060.085.99
0.14.820.0855.65
0.1054.590.095.34
0.114.380.0955.06
0.1154.190.14.82
0.124.010.1054.59
0.1253.850.114.38
0.133.70.1154.19
0.1353.560.124.01
0.143.430.1253.85
0.1453.310.133.7
0.153.190.1353.56
0.1553.090.143.43
0.162.980.1453.31
0.1652.890.153.19
0.172.80.1553.09
0.1752.710.162.98
0.182.630.1652.89
0.1852.560.172.8
0.192.490.1752.71
0.1952.420.182.63
0.22.350.1852.56
0.192.49
0.1952.42
0.22.35
Sheet1
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RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of Tunnel materials
Reverberation time in seconds
RT60 in seconds vs tunnel absorption for 2,000 m tunnel
Sheet2
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RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of tunnel surfaces except ends
Reverberation time in seconds
Arrival time - spheres in egres
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
June 13 tests
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
Sheet4
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Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Sheet3
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Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel alpha values .015, .02, & .025
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Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Tunnel Reverberation Time vs Length of Tunnel for three tunnel types
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26
Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel = .015Road Tunnel = .02Road Tunnel = .025Bus Tunnel = .015Bus Tunnel = .02Bus Tunnel = .025Egress Tunnel = .015Egress Tunnel = .02Egress Tunnel = .025Egress Tunnel = .05
503.343.223.123.183.012.852.582.312.11.42
634.123.963.83.853.603.392.992.642.361.54
805.084.834.614.644.293.993.422.982.631.66
1006.125.775.455.464.994.593.843.292.871.75
1257.306.816.386.355.735.214.253.593.11.83
1608.768.077.487.406.575.914.693.93.331.91
20010.209.288.518.387.346.525.064.153.511.98
25011.7310.549.579.388.107.125.414.383.682.03
31513.3811.8610.6510.408.857.695.734.593.822.07
40015.1113.2111.7311.149.578.246.024.773.952.11
50016.7114.4212.6812.2810.188.696.254.924.052.14
63018.3015.613.5813.1210.759.116.465.054.142.16
80019.8416.7114.4213.8911.279.476.645.164.222.19
1,00021.1517.6415.1114.5211.689.776.785.254.272.2
1,25022.3418.4515.7115.0612.0310.016.95.324.322.21
1,60023.4919.2416.2815.5712.3610.2475.384.362.22
2,00024.3819.8416.7115.9612.6110.417.085.424.392.23
2,50025.1520.3417.0716.2912.8110.547.145.464.422.24
3,15025.8120.7817.3716.5612.9810.667.25.494.442.24
4,00026.3921.1517.6316.8013.1210.767.245.524.452.25
5,00026.8321.4417.8316.9813.2310.837.275.544.462.25
6,30027.2121.681817.1313.3210.897.35.554.482.25
8,00027.5221.8818.1417.2513.410.947.325.574.482.26
10,00027.7622.0318.2417.3413.4610.987.345.574.492.26
12,50027.9522.1518.3317.4213.511.017.355.584.52.26
16,00028.1222.2618.417.4813.5411.047.365.594.52.26
20,00028.2522.3418.4517.5313.5711.067.375.594.52.26
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Bus Tunnel - (60m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)
Public Tunnel ( 200 m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Egress Tunnel (8.4m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Bus Tunnel = .015
Bus Tunnel = .02
Bus Tunnel = .025
Road Tunnel = .015
Road Tunnel = .02
Road Tunnel = .025
Egress Tunnel = .015
Egress Tunnel = .02
Egress Tunnel = .025
Egress Tunnel = .05
Tunnel Length in metres
Reverberation Time in seconds
Road Tunnel = .015
Road Tunnel = .02
Road Tunnel = .025
Bus Tunnel = .015
Bus Tunnel = .02
Bus Tunnel = .025
Egress Tunnel = .015
Egress Tunnel = .02
Egress Tunnel = .025
Egress Tunnel = .05
Tunnel Length in Metres
Reverberation Time in Seconds
Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
3.0m0.9040.9174.0m0.8980.892
3.5m0.9070.9125.0m0.8970.886
4.0m0.9120.9146.0m0.9040.8910.897
4.5m0.9130.9127.0m0.8940.8870.888
5.0m0.9150.9098.0m0.8960.8890.892
5.25m0.9150.9079.0m0.8880.8840.894
5.5m0.9160.90410.0m0.8850.8850.885
6.0m0.9170.89611.0m0.8830.880.881
6.5m0.9220.89312.0m0.880.8820.886
7m0.9260.89213.0m0.8820.880.889
7.5m0.9310.89114.0m0.8790.8740.883
8m0.9340.89215.0m0.8780.8830.887
8.5m0.9370.88616.0m0.8770.8770.886
9m0.940.88117.0m0.8760.8730.885
9.5m0.9440.88218.0m0.8820.8730.884
10m0.9460.87819.0m0.8810.870.881
20.0m0.8830.8680.88
Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
3.0m0.430.446.0m0.470.570.44
3.5m0.520.557.0m0.610.620.41
4.0m0.50.538.0m0.520.640.42
4.5m0.50.539.0m0.570.750.46
5.0m0.570.5410.0m0.580.760.46
5.5m0.560.4711.0m0.630.810.49
6.0m0.480.4912.0m0.640.890.56
6.5m0.470.5113.0m0.690.940.6
7m0.480.5414.0m0.71.030.56
7.5m0.490.615.0m0.741.070.69
8m0.630.6216.0m0.761.170.71
8.5m0.690.6117.0m0.791.20.71
9m0.650.6318.0m0.811.30.75
9.5m0.670.6219.0m0.831.340.74
10.0m0.60.6520.0m0.871.420.76
Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria directly below sphere (S1)Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
3.0 / 6.0m0.430.440.470.573.0 / 6.0m0.440.57
3.5 / 7.0m0.520.550.610.623.5 / 7.0m0.550.62
4.0 / 8.0m0.50.530.520.644.0 / 8.0m0.530.64
4.5 / 9.0m0.50.530.570.754.5 / 9.0m0.530.75
5.0 / 10m0.570.540.580.765.0 / 10m0.540.76
5.5 / 11m0.560.470.630.815.5 / 11m0.470.81
6.0 / 12m0.480.490.640.896.0 / 12m0.490.89
6.5 / 13m0.470.510.690.946.5 / 13m0.510.94
7 / 14m0.480.540.71.037 / 14m0.541.03
7.5 / 15m0.490.60.741.077.5 / 15m0.61.07
8 / 16m0.630.620.761.178 / 16m0.621.17
8.5 / 17m0.690.610.791.28.5 / 17m0.611.2
9 / 18m0.650.630.811.39 / 18m0.631.3
9.5 / 19m0.670.620.831.349.5 / 19m0.621.34
10.0 / 20m0.60.650.871.4210.0 / 20m0.651.42
STI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
STI vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers
STI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
STI vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers
EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
Echo Criteria vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers
STI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoice environment - back to back horn spoeakers
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Echo Criteria directly below sphere (S1)
Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)
Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)
Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
Echo Criteria for increasing loudspeaker spacing - single spaced spheres and double spaced, back to back horns
Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)
Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
STI foR seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Loudspeaker separation in metres
STI reading
STI for seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI for seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Loudspeaker separation in metres
Calculated STI reading
Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)
Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
Loudspeaker separation in metres
Calculated Echo Criteria Reading
Loudspeakers in 20m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 11.151.581.331.361.160.92
Echo Criteria Seat 21.321.71.331.341.231.15
STI Seat 10.6630.6080.5870.5840.5760.75
STI Seat 20.7350.640.6080.5930.5720.696
Centre Time Seat 152ms85ms113ms116ms118ms31ms
Centre Time Seat 237ms60ms89ms93ms94ms47ms
Loudspeakers back to back in 40m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 12.142.752.522.552.071.65
Echo Criteria Seat 22.363.412.562.522.262.37
STI Seat 10.8620.7370.710.690.6460.872
STI Seat 20.770.7390.6850.6860.7050.755
Centre Time Seat 117ms72ms125ms137ms144ms18ms
Centre Time Seat 240ms45ms55ms55ms59ms44ms
Loudspeakers in 40m spaced line 118ms delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 12.923.832.942.762.451.14
Echo Criteria Seat 22.974.273.433.172.810.55
STI Seat 10.8870.8730.9280.930.9180.963
STI Seat 20.5760.8130.8780.8980.9230.998
Centre Time Seat 144ms35ms22ms20ms17ms27ms
Centre Time Seat 2108ms45ms19ms16ms13ms11ms
Anechoic tests
20 m spacedBack to back 40m118ms Sequential delay
Medium HornsMedium HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium Horns
STI Seat 10.5050.6170.7360.7320.751
STI Seat 20.5330.5950.6860.6980.758
20 m spaced medium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise XL2 MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise XL2 Meas
STI Seat 10.5870.570.505.5 *
STI Seat 20.6080.570.533.51 *
40 m spaced Back to back medium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise XL2 MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise XL2 Meas
STI Seat 10.710.640.617.57 *
STI Seat 20.6850.650.595.61 *
40 m spaced sequential delay premium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise XL2 MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise XL2 Meas
STI Seat 10.9180.930.7510.76 *
Ray Trace 800ms 5000000 rays BIR test resultsSTI Seat 20.9230.940.758.86 *
20 m spaced medium hornsBack to back 40mPremium Horns with 118ms seq. delay* - readings obtained by adding signal and noise and adjusting total level to ~ 70 dB(A)
Noise offWith NoiseNoise offWith NoiseNoise offWith Noise
Echo Criteria Seat 11.43
Echo Criteria Seat 21.1
STI Seat 10.2310.211
STI Seat 20.2390.22
Centre Time Seat 1479ms
Centre Time Seat 2453ms
Road Tunnel Anechoic tests
Back to Back medium horns @ 40mBack to Back large Horns @ 40mBack to Back Premium horns @ 40mStraight Medium Horns @ 20mStraight large Horns @ 20mStraight Premium Horns 20mBack to Back large Horns @ 30mStraight largeHorns @ 15mSequential delayed horns @ 40mSequential Delayed HP Horns @ 40m
Direct Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise added
STI Seat 10.6960.6330.7120.6340.5590.5120.5640.5590.6450.567
STI Seat 20.6640.5960.6810.670.5370.520.580.5480.640.581
Echo Criteria Seat 12.571.992.432.071.561.241.411.442.151.04
Echo Criteria Seat 22.752.722.772.241.941.341.381.582.131.04
SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 1116 dB(Z)116 dB(Z)113 dB(Z)113 dB(Z)
SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 2114 DB(Z)114 DB(Z)114dBZ(Z)114dBZ(Z)
Centre Time Seat 1124ms114MS120ms156ms97ms126ms120ms105ms122ms110ms
Centre Time Seat 267ms77ms60ms80ms107ms102ms99ms109ms78ms100ms
125 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential delayed large horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m120 msSequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m
STI Seat 10.8560.8630.8290.8960.9040.879
STI Seat 20.8480.8380.8770.8480.8750.915
Echo Criteria Seat 13.12.792.433.212.92.43
Echo Criteria Seat 23.513.032.723.513.232.73
Centre Time Seat 162ms55ms67ms36ms29ms28ms
Centre Time Seat 234ms40ms36ms34ms23ms20ms
118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m -10dB118 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m full power118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m -10dB118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m -20dB118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Large Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m
Direct Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise addedDirect Arrivals onlyNoise added
STI Seat 10.9160.7780.9160.7720.9250.7050.920.750.920.7750.920.7660.9740.961
STI Seat 20.8720.7480.8720.7360.8960.70.920.7370.920.7670.920.7530.880.91
Echo Criteria Seat 13.082.882.912.912.842.672.332.232.252.252.252.252.62.1
Echo Criteria Seat 23.393.153.193.193.212.892.761.772.332.332.332.333.422.72
SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 1112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102dB(Z)102dB(Z)109dB(Z)109dB(Z)121dB(Z)121dB(Z)111dB(Z)111dB(Z)101 dB(Z)101dB(Z)
SPL - 1 Octave Sum Seat 2112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102dB(Z)102dB(Z)110dB(Z)110dB(Z)122dB(Z)122dB(Z)112 dB(Z)112 dB(Z)102 dB(Z)102 dB(Z)
Centre Time Seat 127ms27ms27ms27ms22ms22ms20ms17ms18ms18ms18ms18ms17ms16ms
Centre Time Seat 225ms25ms25ms25ms16ms18ms13ms15ms14ms14ms14ms14ms12ms6ms
Road Tunnel Anechoic tests with noise added
Back to Back medium horns @ 40mBack to Back large Horns @ 40mBack to Back Premium horns @ 40mStraight Medium Horns @ 20mNoise addedStraight large Horns @ 20mStraight Premium Horns 20m
STI Seat 10.3070.762
STI Seat 20.31
Echo Criteria Seat 11.24
Echo Criteria Seat 2
Centre Time Seat 1
Centre Time Seat 2
125 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential delayed large horns @ 40m125 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m120 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m120 msSequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m
STI Seat 10.8560.8630.8290.8960.9040.879
STI Seat 20.8480.8380.8770.8480.8750.915
Echo Criteria Seat 13.12.792.433.212.92.43
Echo Criteria Seat 23.513.032.723.513.232.73
Centre Time Seat 162ms55ms67ms36ms29ms28ms
Centre Time Seat 234ms40ms36ms34ms23ms20ms
118 ms Sequential delayed Medium horns @ 40m118 ms Sequential delayed Large horns @ 40m118 ms Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Large Horns @ 40m118 ms Bus ht Sequential Delayed Premium Horns @ 40m
STI Seat 10.9160.9250.90.9740.961
STI Seat 20.8720.8960.920.880.91
Echo Criteria Seat 13.082.842.332.62.1
Echo Criteria Seat 23.393.212.763.422.72
Centre Time Seat 127ms22ms20ms17ms16ms
Centre Time Seat 225ms16ms13ms12ms6ms
STI Spheres 118 ms delaySTI Spheres 20m 0ms delay
Seat 10.8870.772
Seat 20.5760.735
Egress Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metresEgress TunnelBus TunnelRoad Tunnel
2.835016.8596.82.8150%502.82%6.98%11.76%
2.836316.8747.62.2472%632.25%5.62%9.57%
2.838016.8944.81.7782%801.78%4.48%7.69%
2.8310016.81176.81.4276%1001.43%3.61%6.25%
2.8312516.81466.81.1454%1251.15%2.91%5.06%
2.8316016.81872.80.8971%1600.90%2.29%4.00%
2.8320016.82336.80.7189%2000.72%1.84%3.23%
2.8325016.82916.80.5760%2500.58%1.48%2.60%
2.8331516.83670.80.4577%3150.46%1.18%2.07%
2.8340016.84656.80.3608%4000.36%0.93%1.64%
2.8350016.85816.80.2888%5000.29%0.74%1.32%
2.8363016.87324.80.2294%6300.23%0.59%1.05%
2.8380016.89296.80.1807%8000.18%0.47%0.83%
2.83100016.811616.80.1446%1,0000.14%0.37%0.66%
2.83125016.814516.80.1157%1,2500.12%0.30%0.53%
2.83160016.818576.80.0904%1,6000.09%0.23%0.41%
2.83200016.823216.80.0724%2,0000.07%0.19%0.33%
2.83250016.829016.80.0579%2,5000.06%0.15%0.27%
2.83315016.836556.80.0460%3,1500.05%0.12%0.21%
2.83400016.846416.80.0362%4,0000.04%0.09%0.17%
2.83500016.858016.80.0290%5,0000.03%0.07%0.13%
2.83630016.873096.80.0230%6,3000.02%0.06%0.11%
2.83800016.892816.80.0181%8,0000.02%0.05%0.08%
2.831000016.8116016.80.0145%10,0000.01%0.04%0.07%
2.831250016.8145016.80.0116%12,5000.01%0.03%0.05%
2.831600016.8185616.80.0091%16,0000.01%0.02%0.04%
2.832000016.8232016.80.0072%20,0000.01%0.02%0.03%
Bus Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metres% end area / total area
1065012017206.9767%506.9767%
1066312021365.6180%635.6180%
1068012026804.4776%804.4776%
10610012033203.6145%1003.6145%
10612512041202.9126%1252.9126%
10616012052402.2901%1602.2901%
10620012065201.8405%2001.8405%
10625012081201.4778%2501.4778%
106315120102001.1765%3151.1765%
106400120129200.9288%4000.9288%
106500120161200.7444%5000.7444%OctaveIn ShedCorrected for Free Field
106630120202800.5917%6300.5917%63 Hz80.178.4
106800120257200.4666%8000.4666%125 Hz81.181
1061000120321200.3736%1,0000.3736%250 Hz85.686.6
1061250120401200.2991%1,2500.2991%500 Hz77.478.8
1061600120513200.2338%1,6000.2338%1,000 Hz79.578.2
1062000120641200.1871%2,0000.1871%2,000 Hz78.978.5
1062500120801200.1498%2,5000.1498%4,000 Hz7575.2
10631501201009200.1189%3,1500.1189%8,000 Hz70.171.8
10640001201281200.0937%4,0000.0937%
10650001201601200.0749%5,0000.0749%
10663001202017200.0595%6,3000.0595%
10680001202561200.0469%8,0000.0469%
106100001203201200.0375%10,0000.0375%
106125001204001200.0300%12,5000.0300%
106160001205121200.0234%16,0000.0234%
106200001206401200.0187%20,0000.0187%
Road Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metres% end area / total area
201050400340011.7647%5011.7647%
20106340041809.5694%639.5694%
20108040052007.6923%807.6923%
201010040064006.2500%1006.2500%
201012540079005.0633%1255.0633%
2010160400100004.0000%1604.0000%
2010200400124003.2258%2003.2258%
2010250400154002.5974%2502.5974%
2010315400193002.0725%3152.0725%
2010400400244001.6393%4001.6393%
2010500400304001.3158%5001.3158%
2010630400382001.0471%6301.0471%
2010800400484000.8264%8000.8264%
20101000400604000.6623%1,0000.6623%
20101250400754000.5305%1,2500.5305%
20101600400964000.4149%1,6000.4149%
201020004001204000.3322%2,0000.3322%
201025004001504000.2660%2,5000.2660%
201031504001894000.2112%3,1500.2112%
201040004002404000.1664%4,0000.1664%
201050004003004000.1332%5,0000.1332%
201063004003784000.1057%6,3000.1057%
201080004004804000.0833%8,0000.0833%
2010100004006004000.0666%10,0000.0666%
2010125004007504000.0533%12,5000.0533%
2010160004009604000.0416%16,0000.0416%
20102000040012004000.0333%20,0000.0333%
Egress Tunnel
Bus Tunnel
Road Tunnel
Tunnel Length in Metres
Area of ends as portion of total surface area in percent
MBD0005EA62.xls
Sheet1
Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000
First modulation frequency1.000.632.001.250.802.50
Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50Bus Tunnel 60m2 cross sectionMulti Lane road Tunnel 200 m2 cross sectionEgress Tunnel 8.4 m2 cross section
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05
503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42
634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54
805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66
1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75
Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83
STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91
2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98
25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03
31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07
40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11
50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14
63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16
80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19
1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2
1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21
1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22
0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23
0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24
0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24
0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25
0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25
6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25
8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26
10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26
0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26
0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26
20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26
0.045Error caused by modelling a 500m bus tunnel at 100metres to save computation time
0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025
0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18
0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%
0.065
0.07
0.075
0.08
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
503.183.342.58
633.854.122.99
804.645.083.42
1005.466.123.84
1256.357.304.25
1607.408.764.69
2008.3810.205.06
2509.3811.735.41
31510.4013.385.73
40011.1415.116.02
50012.2816.716.250.61
63013.1218.306.460.37
80013.8919.846.64
1,00014.5221.156.78
1,25015.0622.346.9
1,60015.5723.497
2,00015.9624.387.08
2,50016.2925.157.14
3,15016.5625.817.2
4,00016.8026.397.24
5,00016.9826.837.27
6,30017.1327.217.3
8,00017.2527.527.32
10,00017.3427.767.34
12,50017.4227.957.35
16,00017.4828.127.36
value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in secondsReverberation Time vs surface absorption for 2,000 m tunnel20,00017.5328.257.37
0.00544.71 value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in seconds
0.0131.580.002556.40
0.01524.380.00544.71
0.0219.840.007537.02
0.02516.710.0131.58
0.0314.420.01524.38
0.03512.670.0219.84
0.0411.30.02516.71
0.04510.190.0314.42
0.059.270.03512.67
0.0558.510.0411.3
0.067.850.04510.19
0.0657.290.059.27
0.076.80.0558.51
0.0756.370.067.85
0.085.990.0657.29
0.0855.650.076.8
0.095.340.0756.37
0.0955.060.085.99
0.14.820.0855.65
0.1054.590.095.34
0.114.380.0955.06
0.1154.190.14.82
0.124.010.1054.59
0.1253.850.114.38
0.133.70.1154.19
0.1353.560.124.01
0.143.430.1253.85
0.1453.310.133.7
0.153.190.1353.56
0.1553.090.143.43
0.162.980.1453.31
0.1652.890.153.19
0.172.80.1553.09
0.1752.710.162.98
0.182.630.1652.89
0.1852.560.172.8
0.192.490.1752.71
0.1952.420.182.63
0.22.350.1852.56
0.192.49
0.1952.42
0.22.35
Sheet1
RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of Tunnel materials
Reverberation time in seconds
RT60 in seconds vs tunnel absorption for 2,000 m tunnel
Sheet2
RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of tunnel surfaces except ends
Reverberation time in seconds
2,00m tunnel with 200m2 cross section - RT60 vs tunnel absorption - increments of 0.005
Sheet3
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel various materials
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Tunnel Reverberation Time vs Length of Tunnel for three tunnel types
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Bus Tunnel - (60m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)
Public Tunnel ( 200 m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Egress Tunnel (8.4m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Egress Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel % end area / total areaBus Tunnel % end area / total areaRoad Tunnel % end area / total area
2.835016.8596.82.8150%502.82%6.98%11.76%
2.836316.8747.62.2472%632.25%5.62%9.57%
2.838016.8944.81.7782%801.78%4.48%7.69%
2.8310016.81176.81.4276%1001.43%3.61%6.25%
2.8312516.81466.81.1454%1251.15%2.91%5.06%
2.8316016.81872.80.8971%1600.90%2.29%4.00%
2.8320016.82336.80.7189%2000.72%1.84%3.23%
2.8325016.82916.80.5760%2500.58%1.48%2.60%
2.8331516.83670.80.4577%3150.46%1.18%2.07%
2.8340016.84656.80.3608%4000.36%0.93%1.64%
2.8350016.85816.80.2888%5000.29%0.74%1.32%
2.8363016.87324.80.2294%6300.23%0.59%1.05%
2.8380016.89296.80.1807%8000.18%0.47%0.83%
2.83100016.811616.80.1446%1,0000.14%0.37%0.66%
2.83125016.814516.80.1157%1,2500.12%0.30%0.53%
2.83160016.818576.80.0904%1,6000.09%0.23%0.41%
2.83200016.823216.80.0724%2,0000.07%0.19%0.33%
2.83250016.829016.80.0579%2,5000.06%0.15%0.27%
2.83315016.836556.80.0460%3,1500.05%0.12%0.21%
2.83400016.846416.80.0362%4,0000.04%0.09%0.17%
2.83500016.858016.80.0290%5,0000.03%0.07%0.13%
2.83630016.873096.80.0230%6,3000.02%0.06%0.11%
2.83800016.892816.80.0181%8,0000.02%0.05%0.08%
2.831000016.8116016.80.0145%10,0000.01%0.04%0.07%
2.831250016.8145016.80.0116%12,5000.01%0.03%0.05%
2.831600016.8185616.80.0091%16,0000.01%0.02%0.04%
2.832000016.8232016.80.0072%20,0000.01%0.02%0.03%
Bus Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metres% end area / total area
1065012017206.9767%506.9767%
1066312021365.6180%635.6180%
1068012026804.4776%804.4776%
10610012033203.6145%1003.6145%
10612512041202.9126%1252.9126%
10616012052402.2901%1602.2901%
10620012065201.8405%2001.8405%
10625012081201.4778%2501.4778%
106315120102001.1765%3151.1765%
106400120129200.9288%4000.9288%
106500120161200.7444%5000.7444%OctaveIn ShedCorrected for Free Field
106630120202800.5917%6300.5917%63 Hz80.178.4
106800120257200.4666%8000.4666%125 Hz81.181
1061000120321200.3736%1,0000.3736%250 Hz85.686.6
1061250120401200.2991%1,2500.2991%500 Hz77.478.8
1061600120513200.2338%1,6000.2338%1,000 Hz79.578.2
1062000120641200.1871%2,0000.1871%2,000 Hz78.978.5
1062500120801200.1498%2,5000.1498%4,000 Hz7575.2
10631501201009200.1189%3,1500.1189%8,000 Hz70.171.8
10640001201281200.0937%4,0000.0937%
10650001201601200.0749%5,0000.0749%
10663001202017200.0595%6,3000.0595%
10680001202561200.0469%8,0000.0469%
106100001203201200.0375%10,0000.0375%
106125001204001200.0300%12,5000.0300%
106160001205121200.0234%16,0000.0234%
106200001206401200.0187%20,0000.0187%
Road Tunnel
WHLEnd AreaTotal Area% end area / total areaTunnel Length in metres% end area / total area
201050400340011.7647%5011.7647%
20106340041809.5694%639.5694%
20108040052007.6923%807.6923%
201010040064006.2500%1006.2500%
201012540079005.0633%1255.0633%
2010160400100004.0000%1604.0000%
2010200400124003.2258%2003.2258%
2010250400154002.5974%2502.5974%
2010315400193002.0725%3152.0725%
2010400400244001.6393%4001.6393%
2010500400304001.3158%5001.3158%
2010630400382001.0471%6301.0471%
2010800400484000.8264%8000.8264%
20101000400604000.6623%1,0000.6623%
20101250400754000.5305%1,2500.5305%
20101600400964000.4149%1,6000.4149%
201020004001204000.3322%2,0000.3322%
201025004001504000.2660%2,5000.2660%
201031504001894000.2112%3,1500.2112%
201040004002404000.1664%4,0000.1664%
201050004003004000.1332%5,0000.1332%
201063004003784000.1057%6,3000.1057%
201080004004804000.0833%8,0000.0833%
2010100004006004000.0666%10,0000.0666%
2010125004007504000.0533%12,5000.0533%
2010160004009604000.0416%16,0000.0416%
20102000040012004000.0333%20,0000.0333%
0.0281501340.06976744190.1176470588
0.02247191010.05617977530.0956937799
0.01778154110.04477611940.0769230769
0.01427600270.03614457830.0625
0.01145350420.02912621360.0506329114
0.00897052540.02290076340.04
0.00718931870.0184049080.0322580645
0.00575973670.01477832510.025974026
0.0045766590.01176470590.0207253886
0.00360762760.00928792570.0163934426
0.00288818590.00744416870.0131578947
0.0022935780.00591715980.0104712042
0.00180707340.00466562990.0082644628
0.00144618140.003735990.0066225166
0.00115727980.00299102690.0053050398
0.00090435380.00233826970.0041493776
0.00072361390.0018714910.0033222591
0.00057897490.00149775340.0026595745
0.00045955880.00118906060.0021119324
0.00036193790.00093662190.0016638935
0.00028957130.00074943790.0013315579
0.00022983220.0005948840.0010570825
0.00018100170.00046853040.0008326395
0.00014480660.00037485940.0006662225
0.00011584860.000299910.000533049
0.0000905090.00023432010.0004164931
0.00007240850.00018746490.0003332223
Egress Tunnel % end area / total area
Bus Tunnel % end area / total area
Road Tunnel % end area / total area
Cross section area as % of total surface area vs length for various tunnels
Figure 4. Graph showing proportion of total tunnel surface occupied by ends vs. length in metres for three tunnel sizes.
-
Putting that another wayTunnel cross section 10m (H) * 20 m (W)
Chart2
0.13
0.07
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
Avge
Avge vs Length for wall alpha of 0.01
D-R ratio
Direct / Reverberant Ratio in dB
Wall valueRT60 in SecondsD/R 1m from sourceD/R 10m from sourceD/R 50m from sourceSTI 1m from sourceSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceWall valueSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceRT60 in SecondsRT60 in SecondsRT60 in SecondsSTI 50m from source
0.90.2347.527.513.51110.9110.230.230.231
0.80.3342.922.88.8110.960.810.960.330.330.330.96
0.70.4539.919.85.7110.90.710.90.450.450.450.9
Wall valueRT60 in SecondsD/R 1m from sourceD/R 10m from sourceD/R 50m from sourceSTI 1m from sourceSTI 10m from sourceSTI 50m from sourceWall valueSTI *100, 10m from sourceSTI *100, 50m from sourceRT60 in Seconds *3RT60 in Seconds *3RT60 in Seconds *3STI *100, 50m from source
0.60.5937.517.43.3110.830.6100831.771.771.7783
.590.637.217.23110.83.59100831.81.81.883
.580.6237172.8110.82.58100821.861.861.8682
.570.6436.816.82.6110.81.57100811.921.921.9281
.560.6536.616.52.4110.8.56100801.951.951.9580
.550.6736.416.32.1110.8.55100802.012.012.01802.0180
.540.6936.116.11.9110.79.54100792.072.072.07793.0369
.530.7135.915.91.7110.79.53100792.132.132.13793.9962
.520.7335.715.71.5110.78.52100782.192.192.19785.0457
.510.7535.515.51.3110.77.51100772.252.252.25776.0653
0.50.7735.315.31.1110.76.5100762.312.312.31767.0550
.490.835.1150.86110.76.49100762.42.42.4767.848
.480.8234.814.80.65110.75.48100752.462.462.4675945
.470.8434.614.60.44110.74.47100742.522.522.527410.2943
.460.8734.414.40.2110.73.46100732.612.612.617311.142
.450.934.214.20110.72.45100722.72.72.7721240
.440.923414-0.2110.72.44100722.762.762.76721339
.430.9533.813.8-0.4110.71.43100712.852.852.85711437
.420.9833.613.6-0.610.990.7.4299702.942.942.94701536.5
.411.0133.413.4-0.810.990.69.4199693.033.033.0369
0.41.0533.213.1-110.990.680.499683.153.153.1568
.391.083312.9-1.210.990.68.3999683.243.243.2468
.381.1232.812.7-1.510.980.67.3898673.363.363.3667
.371.1532.512.5-1.6710.980.66.3798663.453.453.4566
.361.1932.312.3-1.910.970.65.3697653.573.573.5765
.351.2432.112.1-2.110.970.64.3597643.723.723.7264
.341.2831.911.8-2.310.960.63.3496633.843.843.8463
.331.3331.711.6-2.610.960.62.3396623.993.993.9962
.321.3831.411.4-2.810.950.61.3295614.144.144.1461
.311.4331.211.2-310.950.61.3195614.294.294.2961
0.31.493110.9-3.210.940.60.394604.474.474.4760
.291.5530.710.7-3.510.930.59.2993594.654.654.6559
0.281.6130.510.5-3.710.930.580.2893584.834.834.8358
.271.6830.310.2-410.920.57.2792575.045.045.0457
0.261.763010-4.210.910.560.2691565.285.285.2856
.251.8429.89.7-4.410.90.55.2590555.525.525.5255
0.241.9229.59.5-4.710.890.540.2489545.765.765.7654
.232.0229.29.2-510.890.53.2389536.066.066.0653
0.222.12298.9-5.210.880.520.2288526.366.366.3652
.212.2328.78.7-5.510.870.51.2187516.696.696.6951
0.22.3528.48.4-5.810.850.50.285507.057.057.0550
.192.528.18.1-6.110.840.49.1984497.57.57.549
.182.627.87.8-6.410.830.48.1883487.87.87.848
.172.827.57.5-6.710.820.47.1782478.48.48.447
.16327.177.1-710.810.45.16814599945
.153.1926.86.8-7.410.790.44.1579449.579.579.5744
.143.4326.56.4-7.810.780.43.14784310.2910.2910.2943
.133.726.16-8.110.770.42.13774211.111.111.142
.12425.75.6-8.510.750.4.12754012121240
.114.3825.35.2-910.740.39.11743913.1413.1413.1439
0.14.8224.84.8-9.410.720.370.1723714.4614.4614.4637
0.095.3424.34.3-9.910.710.360.09713616.0216.0216.0236
0.085.9923.83.7-10.510.690.340.08693417.9717.9717.9734
0.076.823.23.1-11.110.670.320.07673220.420.420.432
0.067.8522.52.4-11.710.650.30.06653023.5523.5523.5530
0.059.2721.71.7-12.510.630.280.05632827.8127.8127.8128
0.0411.320.80.8-13.410.60.250.04602533.933.933.925
0.0314.419.7-0.3-14.510.570.220.03572243.243.243.222
0.0219.8418.3-1.8-15.910.530.190.02531959.5259.5259.5219
0.0131.5816.2-3.8-1810.480.150.01481594.7494.7494.7415
0
0
0
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D-R ratio
STI *100, 10m from source
STI *100, 50m from source
RT60 in Seconds *3
Absorption Coefficient in .01 increments
STI * 100, RT60 * 3
STI Vs Abs Coefficient for 2Km Tunnel w source in centre
RT50 vs avge alpha
RT60 in Seconds
D/R 1m from source
D/R 10m from source
D/R 50m from source
Absorption Coefficient in .01 steps
D-R ratio in dB, RT60 in seconds
D-R Ratio vs Abs. Coefficient for 2 Km Tunnel w source in centre
Sheet3
RT60 in Seconds *3
STI *100, 50m from source
L in mAvge
500.13
1000.07
1500.04
2000.04
2500.04
3000.03
3500.03
4000.03
4500.02
5000.02
5500.02
6000.02
6500.02
7000.02
7500.02
8000.02
8500.02
9000.02
9500.02
10000.02
10500.02
11000.02
11500.02
12000.02
12500.02
13000.02
13500.01
L in m5010015020025030035040045050055060065070075080085090095010001050110011501200125013001350
Avge 0.130.070.040.040.040.030.030.030.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.020.01
Average alpha value vs Length for wall alpha 0.01
Avge
Avge vs Length for wall alpha of 0.01
-
The influence of surface material choiceReverberation Time in Seconds
Chart2
44.71
31.58
24.38
19.84
16.71
14.42
12.67
11.3
10.19
9.27
8.51
7.85
7.29
6.8
6.37
5.99
5.65
5.34
5.06
4.82
4.59
4.38
4.19
4.01
3.85
3.7
3.56
3.43
3.31
3.19
3.09
2.98
2.89
2.8
2.71
2.63
2.56
2.49
2.42
2.35
RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of tunnel surfaces except ends
Reverberation time in seconds
Sheet1
Octave Band Hz125& 2505001,0002,0004,0008,000
First modulation frequency1.000.632.001.250.802.50
Second Modulation Frequency5.003.1510.006.254.0012.50Bus Tunnel 60m2 cross sectionMulti Lane road Tunnel 200 m2 cross sectionEgress Tunnel 8.4 m2 cross section
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.01Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05
503.373.183.012.852.263.463.343.223.122.672.912.582.312.11.42
634.133.853.603.392.64.314.123.963.83.163.442.992.642.361.54
805.054.644.293.992.945.365.084.834.613.724.033.422.982.631.66
1006.025.464.994.593.276.526.125.775.454.274.613.843.292.871.75
Level505560657075808590951001051101257.126.355.735.213.587.867.306.816.384.835.214.253.593.11.83
STI0.90.930.980.9910.970.960.950.930.840.780.730.691608.467.406.575.913.99.578.768.077.485.455.894.693.93.331.91
2009.778.387.346.524.1711.3110.209.288.515.996.485.064.153.511.98
25011.149.388.107.124.4113.2111.7310.549.576.517.055.414.383.682.03
31512.5910.408.857.694.6315.3313.3811.8610.657.017.65.734.593.822.07
40014.0911.149.578.244.8317.6415.1113.2111.737.478.126.024.773.952.11
50015.4512.2810.188.694.9819.8416.7114.4212.687.858.556.254.924.052.14
63016.7913.1210.759.115.1222.1118.3015.613.588.28.946.465.054.142.16
80018.0613.8911.279.475.2424.3819.8416.7114.428.519.296.645.164.222.19
1,00019.1314.5211.689.775.3326.3921.1517.6415.118.759.576.785.254.272.2
1,25020.0915.0612.0310.015.428.2522.3418.4515.718.959.86.95.324.322.21
1,60021.0115.5712.3610.245.4730.1023.4919.2416.289.1410.0175.384.362.22
0.012,00021.7215.9612.6110.415.5231.5824.3819.8416.719.2710.177.085.424.392.23
0.0152,50022.3216.2912.8110.545.5632.8725.1520.3417.079.3910.37.145.464.422.24
0.023,15022.8416.5612.9810.665.5934.0125.8120.7817.379.4810.417.25.494.442.24
0.0254,00023.2816.8013.1210.765.6235.0126.3921.1517.639.5610.57.245.524.452.25
0.035,00023.6316.9813.2310.835.6435.7926.8321.4417.839.6210.577.275.544.462.25
6,30023.9117.1313.3210.895.6536.4627.2121.68189.6710.637.35.554.482.25
8,00024.1617.2513.410.945.6737.0227.5221.8818.149.7110.687.325.574.482.26
10,00024.3417.3413.4610.985.6837.4527.7622.0318.249.7410.717.345.574.492.26
0.03512,50024.4917.4213.511.015.6937.8027.9522.1518.339.7710.747.355.584.52.26
0.0416,00024.6217.4813.5411.045.6938.1228.1222.2618.49.7910.777.365.594.52.26
20,00024.7117.5313.5711.065.7038.3428.2522.3418.459.810.787.375.594.52.26
0.045Error caused by modelling a 500m bus tunnel at 100metres to save computation time
0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.015 = 0.05 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.01 = 0.015 = 0.02 = 0.025
0.055Error on seconds9.436.825.194.101.7113.3210.593.942.411.631.18
0.06Error in %61%56%51%47%34%67%63%46%39%33%29%
0.065
0.07
0.075
0.08
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.853.343.223.122.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.394.123.963.82.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.995.084.834.613.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.596.125.775.453.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.217.306.816.384.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.918.768.077.484.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.5210.209.288.515.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.1211.7310.549.575.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.6913.3811.8610.655.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.2415.1113.2111.736.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.6916.7114.4212.686.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.1118.3015.613.586.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.4719.8416.7114.426.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.7721.1517.6415.116.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.0122.3418.4515.716.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.2423.4919.2416.2875.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.4124.3819.8416.717.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.5425.1520.3417.077.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.6625.8120.7817.377.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.7626.3921.1517.637.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.8326.8321.4417.837.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.8927.2121.68187.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.9427.5221.8818.147.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.9827.7622.0318.247.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.0127.9522.1518.337.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.0428.1222.2618.47.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.0628.2522.3418.457.375.594.52.26
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
503.183.342.58
633.854.122.99
804.645.083.42
1005.466.123.84
1256.357.304.25
1607.408.764.69
2008.3810.205.06
2509.3811.735.41
31510.4013.385.73
40011.1415.116.02
50012.2816.716.250.61
63013.1218.306.460.37
80013.8919.846.64
1,00014.5221.156.78
1,25015.0622.346.9
1,60015.5723.497
2,00015.9624.387.08
2,50016.2925.157.14
3,15016.5625.817.2
4,00016.8026.397.24
5,00016.9826.837.27
6,30017.1327.217.3
8,00017.2527.527.32
10,00017.3427.767.34
12,50017.4227.957.35
16,00017.4828.127.36
value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in secondsReverberation Time vs surface absorption for 2,000 m tunnel20,00017.5328.257.37
0.00544.71 value assinged to tunnel surfacesRT60 in seconds
0.0131.580.002556.40
0.01524.380.00544.71
0.0219.840.007537.02
0.02516.710.0131.58
0.0314.420.01524.38
0.03512.670.0219.84
0.0411.30.02516.71
0.04510.190.0314.42
0.059.270.03512.67
0.0558.510.0411.3
0.067.850.04510.19
0.0657.290.059.27
0.076.80.0558.51
0.0756.370.067.85
0.085.990.0657.29
0.0855.650.076.8
0.095.340.0756.37
0.0955.060.085.99
0.14.820.0855.65
0.1054.590.095.34
0.114.380.0955.06
0.1154.190.14.82
0.124.010.1054.59
0.1253.850.114.38
0.133.70.1154.19
0.1353.560.124.01
0.143.430.1253.85
0.1453.310.133.7
0.153.190.1353.56
0.1553.090.143.43
0.162.980.1453.31
0.1652.890.153.19
0.172.80.1553.09
0.1752.710.162.98
0.182.630.1652.89
0.1852.560.172.8
0.192.490.1752.71
0.1952.420.182.63
0.22.350.1852.56
0.192.49
0.1952.42
0.22.35
Sheet1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of Tunnel materials
Reverberation time in seconds
RT60 in seconds vs tunnel absorption for 2,000 m tunnel
Sheet2
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
RT60 in seconds
Alpha Value of tunnel surfaces except ends
Reverberation time in seconds
Arrival time - spheres in egres
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
June 13 tests
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
00000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .01
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05
Sheet4
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
000000000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Sheet3
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
0000000000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
RT60 vs Length for egress tunnel, busway tunnel & public road tunnel various materials
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
000
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Tunnel Reverberation Time vs Length of Tunnel for three tunnel types
Tunnel Length in metresBus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresRoad Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)Tunnel Length in metresEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth ConcreteEgress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
503.183.012.852.26503.343.223.122.67502.582.312.11.42
633.853.603.392.6634.123.963.83.16632.992.642.361.54
804.644.293.992.94805.084.834.613.72803.422.982.631.66
1005.464.994.593.271006.125.775.454.271003.843.292.871.75
1256.355.735.213.581257.306.816.384.831254.253.593.11.83
1607.406.575.913.91608.768.077.485.451604.693.93.331.91
2008.387.346.524.1720010.209.288.515.992005.064.153.511.98
2509.388.107.124.4125011.7310.549.576.512505.414.383.682.03
31510.408.857.694.6331513.3811.8610.657.013155.734.593.822.07
40011.149.578.244.8340015.1113.2111.737.474006.024.773.952.11
50012.2810.188.694.9850016.7114.4212.687.855006.254.924.052.14
63013.1210.759.115.1263018.3015.613.588.26306.465.054.142.16
80013.8911.279.475.2480019.8416.7114.428.518006.645.164.222.19
1,00014.5211.689.775.331,00021.1517.6415.118.751,0006.785.254.272.2
1,25015.0612.0310.015.41,25022.3418.4515.718.951,2506.95.324.322.21
1,60015.5712.3610.245.471,60023.4919.2416.289.141,60075.384.362.22
2,00015.9612.6110.415.522,00024.3819.8416.719.272,0007.085.424.392.23
2,50016.2912.8110.545.562,50025.1520.3417.079.392,5007.145.464.422.24
3,15016.5612.9810.665.593,15025.8120.7817.379.483,1507.25.494.442.24
4,00016.8013.1210.765.624,00026.3921.1517.639.564,0007.245.524.452.25
5,00016.9813.2310.835.645,00026.8321.4417.839.625,0007.275.544.462.25
6,30017.1313.3210.895.656,30027.2121.68189.676,3007.35.554.482.25
8,00017.2513.410.945.678,00027.5221.8818.149.718,0007.325.574.482.26
10,00017.3413.4610.985.6810,00027.7622.0318.249.7410,0007.345.574.492.26
12,50017.4213.511.015.6912,50027.9522.1518.339.7712,5007.355.584.52.26
16,00017.4813.5411.045.6916,00028.1222.2618.49.7916,0007.365.594.52.26
20,00017.5313.5711.065.7020,00028.2522.3418.459.820,0007.375.594.52.26
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Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .015
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .02 (Smooth Concrete)
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .025
Bus Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Bus Tunnel - (60m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
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Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Road Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz .05 (compressed Clay Brick)
Public Tunnel ( 200 m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
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Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.015
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.02 (Smooth Concrete
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.025
Egress Tunnel RT60 in seconds @ 1,000 Hz - = 0.05 (Compressed Clay Brick)
Egress Tunnel (8.4m2 cross section) RT60 vs length for various surfaces
Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresSTI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
3.0m0.9040.9174.0m0.8980.892
3.5m0.9070.9125.0m0.8970.886
4.0m0.9120.9146.0m0.9040.8910.897
4.5m0.9130.9127.0m0.8940.8870.888
5.0m0.9150.9098.0m0.8960.8890.892
5.25m0.9150.9079.0m0.8880.8840.894
5.5m0.9160.90410.0m0.8850.8850.885
6.0m0.9170.89611.0m0.8830.880.881
6.5m0.9220.89312.0m0.880.8820.886
7m0.9260.89213.0m0.8820.880.889
7.5m0.9310.89114.0m0.8790.8740.883
8m0.9340.89215.0m0.8780.8830.887
8.5m0.9370.88616.0m0.8770.8770.886
9m0.940.88117.0m0.8760.8730.885
9.5m0.9440.88218.0m0.8820.8730.884
10m0.9460.87819.0m0.8810.870.881
20.0m0.8830.8680.88
Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)Loudspeaker spacing in metresEK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
3.0m0.430.446.0m0.470.570.44
3.5m0.520.557.0m0.610.620.41
4.0m0.50.538.0m0.520.640.42
4.5m0.50.539.0m0.570.750.46
5.0m0.570.5410.0m0.580.760.46
5.5m0.560.4711.0m0.630.810.49
6.0m0.480.4912.0m0.640.890.56
6.5m0.470.5113.0m0.690.940.6
7m0.480.5414.0m0.71.030.56
7.5m0.490.615.0m0.741.070.69
8m0.630.6216.0m0.761.170.71
8.5m0.690.6117.0m0.791.20.71
9m0.650.6318.0m0.811.30.75
9.5m0.670.6219.0m0.831.340.74
10.0m0.60.6520.0m0.871.420.76
Loudspeaker spacing in metresEcho Criteria directly below sphere (S1)Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
3.0 / 6.0m0.430.440.470.57
3.5 / 7.0m0.520.550.610.62
4.0 / 8.0m0.50.530.520.64
4.5 / 9.0m0.50.530.570.75
5.0 / 10m0.570.540.580.76
5.5 / 11m0.560.470.630.81
6.0 / 12m0.480.490.640.89
6.5 / 13m0.470.510.690.94
7 / 14m0.480.540.71.03
7.5 / 15m0.490.60.741.07
8 / 16m0.630.620.761.17
8.5 / 17m0.690.610.791.2
9 / 18m0.650.630.811.3
9.5 / 19m0.670.620.831.34
10.0 / 20m0.60.650.871.42
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STI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
STI vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers
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STI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
STI forListener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
STI vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers
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EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoic environment - isotropic loudspeakers
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EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
EK Grad for Listener seat at 1/4 length between centre loudspeakers (S3)
Echo Criteria vs loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - back to back horn speakers
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STI forListener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
STI forListener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
STI Vs Loudspeaker spacing in anechoic environment - Back to back horn speakers
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EK Grad for Listener seat directly below centre loudspeaker (S1)
EK Grad for Listener seat between central loudspeakers (S2)
Echo Criteria vs speaker spacing in anechoice environment - back to back horn spoeakers
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Echo Criteria directly below sphere (S1)
Echo Criteria between spheres (S2)
Echo Criteria directly below Horn (S1)
Echo Criteria between Horns (S2)
Echo Criteria for increasing loudspeaker spacing - single spaced spheres and double spaced, back to back horns
Loudspeakers in 20m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 11.151.581.331.361.160.92
Echo Criteria Seat 21.321.71.331.341.231.15
STI Seat 10.6630.6080.5870.5840.5760.75
STI Seat 20.7350.640.6080.5930.5720.696
Centre Time Seat 152ms85ms113ms116ms118ms31ms
Centre Time Seat 237ms60ms89ms93ms94ms47ms
Loudspeakers back to back in 40m spaced line no delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 12.142.752.522.552.071.65
Echo Criteria Seat 22.363.412.562.522.262.37
STI Seat 10.8620.7370.710.690.6460.872
STI Seat 20.770.7390.6850.6860.7050.755
Centre Time Seat 117ms72ms125ms137ms144ms18ms
Centre Time Seat 240ms45ms55ms55ms59ms44ms
Loudspeakers in 40m spaced line 118ms delaySpheresSmall HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium HornsInfinite Baffle
Echo Criteria Seat 12.923.832.942.762.451.14
Echo Criteria Seat 22.974.273.433.172.810.55
STI Seat 10.8870.8730.9280.930.9180.963
STI Seat 20.5760.8130.8780.8980.9230.998
Centre Time Seat 144ms35ms22ms20ms17ms27ms
Centre Time Seat 2108ms45ms19ms16ms13ms11ms
Anechoic tests
20 m spacedBack to back 40m118ms Sequential delay
Medium HornsMedium HornsMedium HornsLarge HornsPremium Horns
STI Seat 10.5050.6170.7360.7320.751
STI Seat 20.5330.5950.6860.6980.758
20 m spaced medium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise NTI MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise NTI Meas
STI Seat 10.5870.570.505.5 *
STI Seat 20.6080.570.533.51 *
40 m spaced Back to back medium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise NTI MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise NTI Meas
STI Seat 10.710.640.617.57 *
STI Seat 20.6850.650.595.61 *
40 m spaced sequential delay premium horns
No Noise Easera calcNo Noise NTI MeasWith Noise Easera CalcWith Noise NTI Meas
STI Seat 10.9180.930.7510.76 *
Ray Trace 800ms 5000000 rays BIR test resultsSTI Seat 20.9230.940.758.86 *
20 m spaced medium hornsBack to back 40mPremium Horns with 118ms seq. delay* - readings obtaine