Practical Applications of Biotechnology
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Transcript of Practical Applications of Biotechnology
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Bioprocessing technology
Uses whole living cells or components of them to manufacture desired products.
Most common whole cells used are yeast and bacteria (one-celled organisms).
Most common components are enzymes (proteins that catalyze chemical reactions).
Cells isolated from animals and plants also are used to produce desired products.
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Genetic engineering
The technique of removing, modifying or adding genes to a DNA molecule to change the information it contains.
More specifically is known as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology.
The product of rDNA technology is known as a genetically modified organism, or GMO.
Example: Gene for human insulin inserted into E.coli → bacteria that make human insulin (a biopharmaceutical).
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — better crops, improved animal health
2. Medical and health care applications — new tests, vaccines, medicines
3. Chemical and environmental applications — better manufacturing processes and consumer products
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — crops and forest
Improve crop yields by introducing genes that confer resistance to insects, tolerance to herbicides and resistance to environmental stresses (drought, heat, cold).
Create disease- and insect-resistant trees to help meet demand for wood products.
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
1. Agricultural applications — improve animal health
Better detection of disease
More nutritious feed
New and more effective vaccines
Improved treatments for diseases
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
2. Medical and Health CareApplications
New diagnostic testsExample: quick test for strep throat
MANY new treatments for diseases and conditionsExamples: diabetes, stroke, anemia, cystic fibrosis, hemophilia, leukemia and other cancers; hepatitis; rheumatoid arthritis; growth deficiencies; transplant rejection
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Practical Applications of Biotechnology
3. Chemical and EnvironmentalApplications (Industrial Biotechnology)
Produce enzymes used in laundry detergents. Use genetically modified microorganisms that
break down industrial waste.
Develop bio-based, biodegradable plastics.
Improve manufacturing that reduces the amount of waste products.