[PPT]PowerPoint Presentation - IASI DENTAIRE -...
Transcript of [PPT]PowerPoint Presentation - IASI DENTAIRE -...
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Conf. Dr. Antigona Trofor12.01.2011
PNEUMOLOGIECours 3- Medicine Dentaire
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Sommaire Diagnostic de la pleuresie Diagnostic de la pneumonie Abces pulmonaire/Bronchiectasies Arret de fumer
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Pleuresie Accumulation de liquide (clair, pus, sangetc) dans la cavite pleurale
Mecanisme -↑Ph vasculaire/↓P onc=↓c% proteines -Irritation de la plevre pleura=↑c% proteines pleurales
MECANIQUE= TRANSUDATE INFLAMATOIRE= EXSUDATE
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Diagnostic d’une pleuresie Symptomes: douleur thoracique, toux, dyspnee-
inspiratoire Examen Physique: platitude, absence du murmure
vesiculaire/vibrations vocales, des murmures Radiographie: opacite intense, homogene Ecographie Ponction pleurale: DIAGNOSTIC: Exsudate/Transudate THERAPEUTIQUE Biopsie Pleurale Toracoscopie
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Radiographie Pleuresie droite Pleuresie gauche
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Ponction Ponction pleurale pleurale Utile a confirmer le diagnostique, si Utile a confirmer le diagnostique, si
suspect par radiologie etexamen suspect par radiologie etexamen clinique)clinique)
Prelevements pour laboratoire: Prelevements pour laboratoire: biochimie, citologie et bacteriologiebiochimie, citologie et bacteriologie
Afin de: evacuer, introduire des Afin de: evacuer, introduire des medicaments ( antibiotiques, medicaments ( antibiotiques, chemotherapie) dans la plevrechemotherapie) dans la plevre
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TechniqueTechnique Patient est assis sur une chaise, Patient est assis sur une chaise,
sa tete appui sur les antebras sa tete appui sur les antebras et le dos courbeet le dos courbe
Ponction - posterieur, en pleine Ponction - posterieur, en pleine platitude, espaces IC 4,5,6platitude, espaces IC 4,5,6
Rasant au bord superieur de la Rasant au bord superieur de la cote inferieure de l’espace IC cote inferieure de l’espace IC choisi pour ponctionchoisi pour ponction
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IncidentsIncidents Ponction blanche Ponctionner le
poumon-hemoptisie Piquer le fois, la
spline, le diaphragme, les cotes
Perforer une artere intercostale
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Compl ComplicationsCompl Complications
Troubles vagotoniques: transpirations froides, palidite, bradicardie , hipotension arterielle, sincope, lipotimie
Suprainfection a germes pyogenes
Pneumothorax Sindrome d’ intolerance a
l’evacuation rapide du liquide - toux, dispnee, opression thoracique
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Diagnostic d’un exsudate
C% proteines du liquide pleurale >3g/l C% glucose pleurale < 0,6 g/l LDH>200 U.I. pH liquide < 7,3 ADA > 50 U.I. Aspect du liquide (jaune, claire),grande
concentration des cellules, fibrine.
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Pleuresies Exsudatives Neoplasies: cancer pulmonaire,metastases,mesotheliomeMaladies Infectieuses: Bacteries, Tuberculose, Fungi, VirusEmbolie. SarcoidoseMaladies Gastro-intestinales: Pancreatite, Abces Sous-phrenicColagenoses: Poliartrite Rheumatoide, Lupus Eritemateux,etc.Effusions pleurales induites par medicaments: Nitrofurantoin,
Metotrexate, etc.Autres: Insuffisance renale, Asbestose, Infarctus du myocarde,
Radiotherapie
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Diagnostic d’un transudate
C% proteines pleurale < 3 g/l C% glucose pleurale> 0,6 g/l LDH < 200 U.I pH fluide pleurale > 7,3 Liquide: jaune clair, transparent, sans
fibrine, reduction nr. cellules
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Pleuresie Transudative
Insuffisance cardiaque congestive Cirrhose hepatiqueDialyseGlomerulonephriteEmbolieSarcoidose
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Pleuresie purulente (empieme)
Liquide pleurale: nuageux, jaune-vert, brun,+/- fetide
augmentation nr. de cellules (>25 000/mmc) pH < 7 Bacteriologie: germes – on peut confirmer
l’etiologie
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Empyème- radiographie Pleuresie droite
cloisonnee
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PNEUMONIE
6-eme cause de maladies in USA. 2-3 millions adultes /annee. 45000 deces /annee - USA.
Bartlett JG et al. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;26:811-838
Marrie TJ Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:501-515
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Etiologie de la pneumonie
Fine MJ et al. JAMA,1996;275:134-141
Microorganisme % Nr. patients
Unknown 61 11,229Bacteries 38 6,866S. pneumoniae 64.5H. influenzae 12.1M. Pneumoniae 7.4Legionella spp. 4.0S. aureus 2.3Microorganismes 9.7Virus 1 197
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Pneumonie – diagnostic
- Criteres de severite clinique : polypnee, dyspnee, cyanose, tirage, hipotension, troubles du conscient
- Criteres Radiologiques: pas systematiques, dynamique des opacites
- Criteres Bacteriologiques: demontrer la presence des germes causales dans les secretions aeriennes
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Radiologie - pneumonie Opacite: non
homogene, intensite medium et grande, contour irregulier, localise dans le lobe superior, avec adenopathie du hile gauche
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Pleuresie para – pneumonique
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Pneumonie – principes du traitement
Pneumocoque: Peniciline G, Macrolides, Cefalosporines, Chinolones
Atypiques: Macrolides, etc. Anaerobes: -source: oro- farynx / hygiene dentaire precaire/
maladies periodontales-mecanisme: aspiration des secretions - si des
conditions favorables-expectoration fetide/tendence d’excavation-
abces /Peniciline G 20 mill. 6-8 semaines
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Suppurations Broncho-pulmonaires
Proces inflammatoire cronique du parenchime pulmonaire ou des bronches - BRONCHOREE PURULENTE
CLASSIFICATION-ABCES PULMONAIR-BRONCHIECTASIESCATEGORIES-PRIMITIVES- developes dans le tissu sain-SECONDAIRES-developes grace a des autres
lesions : TB, cancer, corps etrangers, cavites avec des champignons, kystes aeriennes
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Abces Pulmonair -diagnostique
Histoire Medicale: FACTEURS FAVORISANTS –aspiration des secretions: coma, accidents vasculaires cerebrales, maladies psychiques, alcoolisme, interventions chirurgicales ou stomatologiques - saignements
Clinique: toux + expectoration purulente/fetide, fievre, mauvais etat generale,+/-hemoptisie
Radiologie: niveau du liquide , image d’abcesBacteriologie: examen de l’expectoration-
aerobes+anaerobes-ABGBronhoscopie: exclude une cause secondaire:
cancer, corps etranger, etc.
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Abces Pulmonaire - radiologie Image de type
hydro-aerienne (niveau liquidien)/
/ hyper- transparence
/ cavite
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Bronchiectasies-diagnostic
Dilatation ireductible des bronches medium + modifications du paroi bronchique en leur structure/obstruction des branches distales
Classification: - congenitales (malformations,mucoviscidose)- secondaire:TB, stenose bronchique - tumeurs,
corps etrangers,infection en enfance avec: virus syncitial respiratoire, rougeole
Clinique: toux/expectoration/hemoptisie/dyspneeRadiographie/Thoracic scanChirurgie – pour complications
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Bronchiectasies - imagerie
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Arret de fumer
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Fumer et la sante?
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Toxines
Lungimea: 85-100 mm
Diametrul – 8 mm
Filtrul: 20-30 mm
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Bronchopneumopathie chronique obstructive (BPCO)CancerAsthmeInfections
Respiratoire
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Pacient cu BPOC forma severă, Clinica de Pneumologie Iaşi - A.Trofor (2004)
• facteur de risque majeur: le tabac • 6 fois plus frequente chez les fumeurs• survie a 5-10 annees: 50%Petty TL., 2000
BPCO( Bronchopneumopathie obstructive chronique)
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Asthme Obstruction aerienne chronique
reversible Toux, dyspnee, wheezing Broncho-dilatateurs, corticotherapie Antibiotiques en cas d’exacerbations
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Cancer 95% des
fumeurs Dose-effet.
Clinica Pneumologica Iaşi-A.Trofor(2003)
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Hypertension arterielle Atherosclerose Artheriopathie Cardiopathy Ischemique Chronique Accident vasculaire cerebrale Mort subite
Cardio-vasculaire
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Cancer Poumon Larynx Colon Pancreas Oesofage Gastrique Renale Cancer orale Genito=urinaire
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Larynx
Dr.Raluca Daraba, studii doctorale, Iaşi, 2004
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Cancer cavite orale
Clinica B.M.F., UMF, Iaşi, 2004
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Candidose
Gingivite, maladie periodontale TartreDr.C.Borta, UMF, Iaşi, 2004
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Tabac et maladies orales leucoplakia, stomatite
nicotinique, maladies periodontales, perte des dents( 64% des fumeurs), gingivite , plaques dentaires, candidose orale chronique
Bibl: Pindborg J.J. et. al., 1980 Dr.C.Borta,UMF, Iasi, 2004
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Dependence de tabac (WhO ICD 10)Dependence de nicotine (APA DSM IV)
Consommation chronique du tabac – une maladie classifiee
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