Thermal Engineering

Prepared by:-Brijesh Vaishnani( D.M.E –in G.P.Rajkot. YEAR-2011.Er. No.:-096200319041

SYSTEAM USE OF INCRESE THE PERFOMANCE OF I.C. ENGINE

I.C. Engine Means;- Internal Combustion Engine.

1.Fule supply systeam.There are different fuel supply systems for spark ignition (petrol) and compression ignition (diesel) engine.

Fule supply systeam for petrol engine. Fuel supply system for Spark ignition (petrol)

engine: In petrol engine the combustible mixture of fuel is prepared outside the combustion chamber.

Fuel supply system for petrol engine

Fule supply system for diesel engine

Fuel supply system for Compression ignition (diesel) engine: In diesel engine only air is injected during the suction stroke and it is compressed during compression stroke.

Fuel supply system for diesel engine.

2. Fule injection systems.

Fuel injection is a means of metering fuel into an internal combustion engine. In modern automotive applications, fuel metering is one of several functions performed by an "engine management system".

Air injection system Airless or solid injection system

1.common rail system2.individual pump system

1.Common rail system

2.Individual pump system

Valve and valve mechanism

Fuel injection system.

3.Lubrication systems

Lubrication systemThe engine lubrication system is designed to deliver clean oil at the correct temperature and pressure to every part of the engine.

Petrol Splash Pressure Dry pump

Lubricating System Parts

1.Petrol.

working of a petrol engine.The working of an internal combustion engine is divided into four stages called four strokes of the engine and hence the engine is called a four stroke engine.

2. Splash.

The splash system is no longer used in automotive engines. It is widely used in small four-cycle engines for lawn mowers, outboard marine operation, and so on.

3. Pressure.

Pressure lubrication system of the internal-combustion engine are to be largely integrated in the engine in a space-saving manner.

4.Dry sump.

A dry sump is a lubricating motor oil management method for four-stroke and large two-stroke piston internal combustion engines that uses external pumps and a secondary external reservoir for oil, as compared to a conventional wet sump system.

Dry sumps are common on larger diesel engines such as those used for ship propulsion. Many racing cars, high performance sports cars, and aerobatic aircraft also utilize dry-sump equipped engines because they prevent oil-starvation at high g loads, and because their lower center of gravity positively affects performance.

4. Cooling systems.

Cooling system.

Air cooling system.Air cooled systeam is generally use in small engines says up to 15-20 kw and airo plane engines.In case of water cooling syatem are leakeges, but in this case there no leakages.

Air cooling system.

Water cooling system

In this method cooling water jackets are provided around the cylinder. Cylinder head, value seats etc. the water when circulated through the jackets. It absorb head of combustions. This hot water will then be cooling in he radiator partially by a fan and partially by the flow developed by the forward motion of the vehicle. The cooled water again recirculated through the water jackets.

Water cooling system.

6.Ignition system for s.i. engine.

An ignition system is a system for igniting a fuel-air mixture. Ignition systems are well known in the field of internal combustion engines such as those used in petrol (gasoline) engines used to power the majority of motor vehicles, but they are also used in many other applications such as in oil-fired and gas-fired boilers, rocket engines, etc.

The first ignition system to use an electric spark was probably Alessandro Volta's toy electric pistol from the 1780s. Virtually all petrol engines today use an electric spark for ignition.

Diesel engines rely on fuel compression for ignition, but usually also have glowplugs that preheat the combustion chamber to allow starting of the engine in cold weather. Other engines may use a flame, or a heated tube, for ignition.

• Coil ignition system

An ignition coil (also called a spark coil) is an induction coil in an automobile's ignition system which transforms the battery's 12 volts (6 volts in some older vehicles) to the thousands of volts (20 to 30 thousand volts or more) needed to spark the spark plugs. Some coils have an internal resistor to reduce the voltage and some rely on a resistor wire or an external resistor to reduce the voltage from the car's 12 volt wiring flowing into the coil. The wire which goes from the ignition coil to the distributor and the wires which go from the distributor to each of the spark plugs are called spark plug wires or high tension leads.

Coil ignition system

•Magneto system.

Most small lawn mowers, chain saws, trimmers and other small gasoline engines do not need a battery. Instead, they actually generate the power for the spark plug using a magneto. Magnetos are also used on many small airplanes (for example, the Cessna 152 ) because they are extremely reliable.

Magneto system.

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