PPT Slides For History Lesson 2

7/29/2019 PPT Slides For History Lesson 2

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How did the world begin to move

to war?


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Disarmament at last?

Feelings of distrust that started

World War I still remained after the

war

Nations desired peace and to avoidanother war

But, most were unwilling to take

logical step towards making that

peace disarming

By 1930, League had made several

attempts at disarmament


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A disunited Europe


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Rearmament As early as 1920, Nazi foreign policy aimed at territorial

expansion bound to lead to war

Large amounts of loans to Germany for rebuilding after

World War I were used for secret rearming

Democratic powers slower to rearm


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Protectionism Countries adopted policy of protectionism

Put taxes on foreign imported goods so people would buy

goods produced in their own countries

If they could not produce certain goods, they formedeconomic alliances, making exclusive trade links


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Forming alliances Various reasons for forming alliances:

Genuine desire to help

each other

Trade privileges Promises to fight

together in war or not

to fight each other


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How did Hitlers foreign policy

make things worse?


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How did Hitlers foreign policy make things

worse?

First Nazi policy document drawn up in 1920

24 points to direct Nazi policy

Made clear that if Nazis gained power, German territorial

expansion would make war inevitable

Wanted control over areas of Europe that had significant

population of German speakers

Racist party policy: invented pure German race, Aryans;

all other races inferior


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How did Hitlers foreign policy make things

worse?


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Nazis took steps to ensure their takeover of Europe

Reintroduced conscription

Built up armaments

Tested strength of their forces in Spanish Civil War

Hitler careful in his dealing with foreign politicians

Made Germanys actions seem reasonable, as a way of

putting right the injustices of the Treaty of Versailles

Emphasised that Germany did not want war

Until Germany was ready, he was prepared to back down if

opposed by force

Step by step


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The Berlin Olympics: An early warning sign? Olympics seen as opportunity to show:

That Germany was very well-run

That stories about anti-Semitism and oppression were

exaggerated

The supremacy of the Aryan race, by winning many gold

medals

Nazis won the most gold medals but black US athletes

and Jewish athletes did well too

Hitler congratulated German winners but not winners

from races he saw as inferior


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The Berlin Olympics: An early warning sign?


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Nazi expansion in Europe


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Appeasement

Negotiating with, and making concessions to, another

country in order to avoid war

How Hitler got so far without opposition:

Many politicians felt the Treaty of Versailles was unfair

and German resentment was reasonable

Wanted to avoid war by satisfying some German demands

Politicians accepted Hitlers rearming

Anglo-German Naval agreement: limiting German fleet to

no more than 35% of British fleet

Hitler had no intention to limit German naval strength

Appeasement


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Appeasement: for and against


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The Munich Agreement, 1938 Hitler marched into Czechoslovakia in September 1938

European powers in a dilemma

Czechoslovakia a new nation created by Treaty of

Versailles and principle of self-determination

Britain, France and League should have moved to protect

Czechslovakia but did not

Fear of antagonising Hitler

Meetings held in Munich between Germany, Italy, Franceand Britain

Hitler got Sudentenland

Promised to end his territorial expansion


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Hitler invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia in 1939

Munich Agreement: a torn-up episode

Hitler has entered Prague, apparently, and Czechoslovakia has ceasedto exist. No balder, bolder departure from the written bond has ever

been committed in history. It is beyond understanding and his

desertion of the Prime Minister is stunning. His whole policy of

appeasement is in ruins. Munich is a torn-up episode.

Britain and France increased speed of their rearmament

Britain also introduced conscription

What happened after Munich?


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USSR had a difficult choice to decide whether to support

the Allies or Germany:

Neither sides really wanted USSR as they opposed

communism

However, Britain and France might come to trust USSR

Also, they had not yet talked about taking land from USSR

On the other hand, Germany had talked about taking land

from USSR

Which side could USSR trust?

If he could not trust either side, which alliance would

give him the best short-term advantage?

Which side would the USSR support?


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USSR held talks with Britain and France

Talks broke off

USSR signed non-aggression pact with Germany

A promise not to fight each other

Secret term: Germany and USSR would divide Poland

between them

Hitler in the best position he could hope for:

Need not fight a war to the east and west

Britain and France lost a powerful ally



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Events leading up to World War II



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How did the League of Nations fail

to halt the move to war in Europe?


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How did the League of Nations fail to halt

the move to war in Europe?


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When Mussolini invaded in 1935, Abyssinian emperor

appealed to League for help

League was faced with a dilemma

Italy was clearly in the wrong

But, direct confrontation with Italy could lead to war

So, League did little to discourage Italy

Imposed sanctions on Italy

But failed to decisively place an immediate ban on oil

exports to Italy

Crisis in Abyssinia


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By the time League decided

Italy already annexed large parts of Abyssinia

Abyssinian emperor forced into exile

Britain and France held secret talks with Italy

The Hoare-Laval Pact

Gave Italy two-thirds of Abyssinia

Italys success in Abyssinia spelt the Leagues failure

Failure of League to control Italy (and Japan in 1931) and

Britain and France, meant it lost all respect and

effectiveness

Crisis in Abyssinia


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As Spain slid towards civil war in September 1936, the

government appealed to the League for help

Asked for weapons to defend our territorial integrity and

political independence

League could not reach agreement about what to do:

Did not send weapons

Could not get government and rebels to negotiate

Did not stop member countries from intervening on bothsides

The Spanish Civil War


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What happened in Europe during

World War II?


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What happened in Europe during World War II?


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Timelines showing:Advance of Axis Powers

in Europe till 1942

The Allies reclaiming

power in Europe from1941 to 1945


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Superior strength of the

Allies

Axis tactical mistakes

Allied tactical successes Allied control of air and sea

Resistance movements

Britains resilience

Why did the Allies win the war in Europe?


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Summary

PPT Slides For History Lesson 2

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