PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran

Types of Information Systems:Ways to Use IT in Organizations

MIS 320

Kraig Pencil

Summer 2013

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran

A. Game Plan

• Introduction

• Basic functions of IS

• Types of information systems– TPS … MIS … DSS … ES …– Office automation systems– Functional Area Information Systems– And more !

B. Information Systems Knowledge

1. Who cares?• Useful for a manager to become familiar with

the range of capabilities of IS If you want to use all the tools available in your

profession, you need to know what IT tools can do … and cannot do … for you.

If you want to effectively use IT in the workplace, you need to know how to work with IT.

• Consider a golfer and his/her golf clubs …

Know what is in your bag! … And how to play the shots!

Reality check: Some “trouble shots” are tougher than others ! Even a good golf club – or IS – may not be able to work miracles.

Alphabet Soup Alert !!!

Image source: http://codyfrew.wordpress.com/2007/06/29/acronyms-friends-or-foes /

B. Information Systems Knowledge1. Who cares? (cont.)

• Managers need to be aware of what people in the workplace are talking about when they hear names/acronyms such as …

TPS. MIS, DSS

ERP. SCM, CRM

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran and Kraig Pencil

C. Basic Functions of Information Systems:The 5 Cs of Information Processing

What do information systems do?

1.Capture: Obtain info at its point of origin

2.Cradle: Store info

3.Create: Process info to obtain new info

4.Convey: Present info in a useful form

5.Communicate: Deliver info to others

D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)1. What is a business “transaction”?

– A business event worth capturing and storing– Examples??? – Always $$$ transactions?

2. Examples of TPS– ???

3. TPS emerged in the early days of IS– Perform routine, repetitive tasks– Often stores data in a database– The Sales TPS is probably the most common & critical

4. Collect, store, and process transaction data

Order Entry TPS

D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

6. Related expression: Online transaction processing (OLTP)

– What does “online” mean?– How is this different from batch processing?

7. TPSs may be found in all functions (production, accounting, marketing, etc.) of an organization

8. Some TPSs are at the very heart of the organization• If a critical TPS fails, the whole organization

may suffer – or even fail!!!

TPS

D. Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

TPS data are often fed to other systems

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran & Kraig Pencil

TPS

Databases

Interorganizational System

Business Intelligence(to aid decision-making)

Other systems: Dashboard, ERP, IOS, Web 2.0, etc.

Expert System

Functional Area IS (e.g. HR, marketing, etc.)

Barcode scanner

E. Management Information Systems1. Provide people with useful information (hopefully!)

• E.g., periodic summary reports, comparison reports• Alternate name: “Management Alerting Systems”

2. Beware!• Managers can get swamped with too many reports

3. A MIS typically uses information that has already been captured and cradled into a database

• Quick question: Which type of IS might collect the data?

4. The key Cs: Create and Convey• See figure

E. Management Information Systems

Management Information System

Management Information System

E. Management Information Systems5. You will learn how to create systems that help to transform

data tables into more useful information

• First half of quarter MS Access

• Second half of quarter MS Excel

MIS Example: Using Excel to transform a data table into a more useful form (PivotChart) – See Excel book: Tutorial 5

MIS Example: Using Access to transform a data table into a report – See Access book: Tutorial 4

F. Decision Support Systems (DSS)1. DSS are used to support un/semi-structured problems that

require human judgment

2. DSS typically allow user to interact with information and explore (e.g., “What if” analysis – see figure)

Decision maker can modify sales,

expense, & cost assumptions to

explore impact on profit

DSS, also known as BI (Business Intelligence systems)

F. Decision Support Systems (DSS)

3. The key Cs: Create and Convey

4. DSS can come in many forms• Managers often use spreadsheet-based DSS

• MIS 320 Excel experiences will be helpful!

5. Common components of a DSS (see figure)

• User interface

• Model management

• Data management

DSS: Paper Production Planning and Scheduling

Models:Product demand forecast

Capacity planning/schedulingPaper roll cutting

Company Data Base

Easy to use interface, Data charts, etc.

PPT Slides by Dr. Craig Tyran

Cash Flow Projection DSS

G. Functional & Productivity Systems

Functional Systems•MSCM: Manufacturing Supply Chain Management•CRM: Customer Relationship Management http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMtv6sbmdLc

•PM: Project Management systems

•Finance/Accounting

Office Automation SystemsEmail/chat, document sharing, meeting

management, publishing, presentations …

Examples:

• Microsoft Office

• Google Apps

H. Later in the course …

1. InterOrganizational Systems (IOS)– Play an important role in electronic commerce

– Support flow of information between a) an organization and b) business partners

– Example: Business-to-Business IOS (B2B)• Supply chain management

– The key C: Communicate (deliver information)

– See figure on next slide

Image source: http://www.ecybersolutions.com/commerce.html

InterOrganizational System: Support linkages between organizations

Source: Rainer, Potter, and Turban, Intro to IS, Wiley, 2009.

Which are the B2B “IOS” Linkages ??

H. Later in the course … (cont.)2. Enterprise Resource Planning systems (ERP)

– Key focus is on the “E” word:

Enterprise Resource Planning– Offers potential to integrate transaction information across all

organizational departments and functions

3. Systems based on “Web 2.0” technologies – Examples of technologies

• Weblogs (blogs), Wikis, Social networking

– Purpose?• Support web-based collaboration• “Social computing”

I. Identifying IT Opportunities

Consider the IS applications in your organization and ask yourself …

• In which categories do our applications fit?

• Are we missing out on opportunities to compete more effectively through new information technology?

TPS

MIS

DSS

ERP“Web 2.0” Systems

IOS

Functional and Productivity Systems

Other types of IS