PPT on super critical tech in china

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Clean Coal Technology Development in China CHEN Wenying ([email protected] ) Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Sept. 4, 2008

Transcript of PPT on super critical tech in china

Page 1: PPT on super critical tech in china

Clean Coal Technology Development in China

CHEN Wenying([email protected])

Tsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaSept. 4, 2008

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Structure of the paperChina’s energy resourcesCoal-dominated energy production and consumptionLocal air pollution and global climate changeCurrent status and development of clean coal technologies

• Coal preparation technologies• High efficiency combustion and advanced power generation

technologySupercritical and ultra-supercritical technologyCirculating fluidized bed technologyIGCC technology

• Coal transformation (gasification and liquefaction)• Emission control

FGD (Flue gas desulphurization) and NOx removalCCS (Carbon capture and storage)

China’s policies and countermeasures to promote clean coal technology development Suggestions to further promote clean coal technology development in China

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China’s energy resources

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Fossil fuelCoal• Coal resource: 5570 billion tons• Proved reserves: 1018 billion tons• Proved recoverable reserves (PRR): 114.5 billion tones

(82 Btce, 12.6% of the world total)Oil• PRR: 2200 million tons (3.14Btce, 1.3% of the world

total)NG• PRR: 2350 billion cubic meters (3.13Btce, 1.2% of the

world total)PRR: Oil and gas is 7.75% of coal

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Renewable energyHydro power• 400GW, 1700TWh (210Mtce)

Wind• 1000GW (250GW on shore + 750GW offshore)• 2500TWh (307Mtce)

Solar PV• 520GW, 1000TWh (130Mtce)

Biomass• 500Mtce

Totally: 1.15Btce (17% of energy demand in 2050, 6.5Btce)

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Nuclear

9.1GW on operation7.9GW under construction2020: 40GW, 260-280TWhAssuming 500GW, 3500TWh(430Mtce)(7% of energy demand in 2050, 6.5Btce)

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Coal, the most abundant energy resources, will continue to be dominant in China’s energy

scheme for a considerably long period of time in the future.

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Energy production and consumption in China

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Primary energy production and consumption

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Power sector

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Develop supercritical or ultra-supercritical with unit capacity over 600MW and large combine cycle units

Develop cogeneration power plantsRetrofit medium-sized stations with

capacity ranging from 100-300MW per unit

Gradually close small stations with unit capacity less than 100MW

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Coal share in each end-use demand sector’s total final energy consumption

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Industry sectorAbout 25% of the total coal consumption in 2005 500 thousand small- and medium- industrial boilers with unit capacity only 2.5t/h and operation efficiency about 65%90% of these boilers are coal-fired with annual coal consumption about 350 to 400 million tons, and coal saving potential is estimated as around 70 million tons annually. Clean coal technologies such as cycle fluidized bed and etc. are applied to retrofit small- and medium- coal-fired industrial boilers and kilns, and it is expected their efficiency will improve 5 and 2 percentile with annual coal saving as 25 and 10 million tons respectively during 2005 to 2010.

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Residential and commercial sectorResidential: 4% of total coal consumption in 2005Commercial: 1% of total coal consumption in 2005Clean energy strategy• Increase electricity, natural gas and coal gas consumption• Encourage development of cogeneration power plants and

centralized boilers to replace small scatter boilers for space heating

It is expected that district heating popularization rate will increase from 30% in 2005 to 40% by 2010 with 40GW newly built cogeneration for space heating and the annual coal saving will reach 25Mtce

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Thermal power plant is the most crucial one to apply clean coal technologies, followed by

Industrial boiler/kiln.

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Local air pollution and global climate change

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SO2 and soot emissions

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• 40% of land area with pH value of rain <5.6• The land area with pH value of rain <5 increased

Acid rain

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Air Pollution• Air pollution

• ¾ Chinese cities do not have clean air• China hosts 10 of world’s 20 most polluted cities in 2005• 40.5% cities’ annual average concentration of TSP exceeded

the national standard grade II (200µg/m3), 22.6% cities’ annual average concentration of sulfur dioxide exceeded the national standard grade II (60µg/m3) in 2005

• Direct cost amounts to 3% of GDP, but WB warns pollution could cost 13% of GDP by 2020.

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Coal is the culprit for 70% of soot emissions, 90% of SO2

emissions, 67% of NOx emissions and 70% of CO2

emissions in China.

To make it possible to utilize coal in a manner harmonious with the environment and increase the utilization efficiency of coal, it is important to develop and expand the use of the

clean coal technology.

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Current status and development of clean coal technologies in China

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Coal washing

961 coal washing plants, capacity: 838 million tons per yearCoal washing ratio will achieve 50% by 2010

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Supercritical and ultra-supercritical technology

Efficiency• Subcritical 37%~38%• Supercritical 40%~41%• Ultra-supercritical 44%~45%

World: 600 supercritical or ultra-supercritical units60 ultra-supercritical units

The research on supercritical and ultra-supercritical technology in China started late relativelyHowever, since the government’s policy to develop supercritical or ultra supercritical with unit capacity over 600MW and large combine cycle units was issued, 600 MW units have become dominated among newly built power generation plants in recent years

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Supercritical technology2×600 MW Shanghai Shidongkou (1992)• The first application of supercritical boilers in China• Operated by China Huaneng Group (China’s largest power

producer)• Technologies imported from Switzerland and USA• Efficiency 39.5 %

600MW Henan Qinbei (2004)• Operated by China Huanneg Group• First implement and operation domestic made 600MW

supercritical unit in China• Investment: about 4000RMB/KW

From 2004 to 2006, about 7200 MW of 600 MW supercritical units was in operation or under construction. So far more than 100 units consisting of 600 MW or 1000 MW supercritical units are under construction or in order.

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Ultra-supercritical plants4×1000MW Zhejiang Yuhuan (2006-2008)

• Operated by China Huaneng Group• First commercially operated domestic made 1000 MW ultra-supercritical

pressure boilers • Efficiency 45% • Coal consumption per kWh electricity supply 285.6 gce/kWh, 80.4

gce/kWh less than the national average level in 20062×1000MW Shandong Zouxian (2006-2007)

• Operated by China Huadian Corporation• Efficiency 45% • Dust removal efficiency 99.5%• Desulphurization efficiency 95%

2×1000 MW Jiangsu Taizhou operated by China GuodianCorporation, 2×1000 MW Shanghai Waigaoqiao operated by China Guodian Corporation, 2×600MW Liaoning Yingkou opeated by China Huaneng Group, 2×600MW Kanshan operated by China Power Investment CorporationAt present, about 8 GW of ultra-supercritical units have been put into operation and about 100 GW are under construction.

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4×1000MW Yuhuan power plant in Zhejiang Province

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During 2010 to 2020, new power plants with unit capacity 600MW and above will be all required to be supercritical, and about half of newly built power generating units will be ultra-supercritical.It is expected that by 2010 supercritical and ultra-supercritical units will account for over 40% in the total newly built thermal power generating units. Supercritical units will share over 15% and 30% in the total power capacity by 2010 and 2020 respectively.

Supercritical and ultra-supercritical technology development perspective

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Circulating fluidized bed technologyAdvantages• Low emissions• Fuel flexibility A key option in China for the mid-sized (300-450 MW) and

larger (400-600 MW) utility unit applicationsFirst 210 MW CFBC of 1025t/h boiler put into commercial operation in Jiangxi in 2006300MW Sichuan Baiba CFB demonstration, a major milestone in the process of CFB technology transfer, proving Alstom’scapability to successfully design and build large-scale CFB boilers in China There are several other 300MW CFB units in operation. In addition there are many other 300 MW CFBs projects in China planned for implementation on the co-production or license basis, with substantial opportunities for further development in the CFB field.

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Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) technology

18 IGCC power plants with capacity of 4200 MW in operation and 12 IGCC power plants with capacity of 3800 MW under construction in the world.Efficiency: 42%-46%,expected to hit 50%Soot emission close to zeroSulfur removal rate over 98%NOx removal rate 90%30%-50% less water needed than conventional steam turbineIn 2006, IGCC was set to be one of the key technologies for future power generation according to the National Program for Medium-to-Long-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2010) issued by the State Council of China

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IGCC development goalOver development goal• To form clusters of the advanced coal technologies, support the

development of China’s energy equipment manufacturing industry, and achieve the efficient, clean, and affordable use of coal.

Development goals by stages• First stage by 2010

Commercial demonstration of IGCCCoal gasification based polygeneration of electricity and liquid fuel

• Second stage by 202020GW installed capacity of IGCC50 million tons of crude oil substituted by synthetic liquid fuel and chemical products annuallyPolygeneration of hydrogen and electricityNear-zero emission of CO2

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IGCC projects operated and planned

Yankuang demonstration project put into operation in 2006• First coal gasification-based polygeneration system with

an output of 60 MW and 240 thousands tonnes of methanol per year

China Huadian Corporation will build a 200MW IGCC power plant in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province. Dongguan Electricity and Chemicals Industry Co., Ltd. will build a 200MW IGCC power plant and retrofit a 120MW combined cycle power plant into IGCC in Dongguan, Guangzhou province

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GreenGen projectHuaneng Group launched the GreenGen project Tianjin, the first near-zero-carbon-emission IGCC power plant in China 2006-2009: 250MW IGCC2010-2012: 400MW IGCC2013-2015: 400 MW GreenGen demonstration• H2 and electricity• Near Zero emission of

carbon with application of CCS

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47997751392439194596Unit cost RMB/kW

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CFBIGCCUSC+FGD

SC+FGD

PC+FGD

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Cost comparison

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Air pollutants controlTechnology

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Soot emission control

Soot emissions from power sector have been effectively control, 32% reduction in 2005 compared to 1980, due to popularization of high-efficient electric dust removal plants with removal efficiency of as high as 99.6%.

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Flue gas desulphurization

201112Top 20 desulphurization companies

208118Registered desulphurization companiesCapacity in

operationGW

360261Top 20 desulphurization companies

374276Registered desulphurization companiesContracted

capacityGW

20072006Item

2005: 50GW on operationCost reduction: 1000RMB/kW– 200RMB/KW

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SO2 emission control policy and perspective

Newly-built coal-fired generating units must be simultaneously accompanied with the construction of high-efficiency desulphurization and dust removal facilities. Power plants with a capacity of 135MW per unit in service should complete the renovation of their desulphurization facilities as soon as possible. Shut down more than 1200 small thermal power units with a total capacity of 50GW during 2005 to 2010.Installation rate of FGD is expected to reach 80% in 2010, 90% in 2020 and 95% in 2030.National SO2 emission in 2010 is expected to be 10% less than 2005.

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NOx emission controlCapital and operating costs of high-efficiency NOx removal technologies is relatively high. Several SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) demonstration projects are in operation and about 6000 MW SCR units are in construction. Experts estimate that the installation rate of SCR for power generation will reach 10% in 2010, 30% in 2020 and 50% in 2030.

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Carbon capture and storage technology

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CCS related policies in ChinaCCS was integrated into “The Outline for National Medium and Long-term S&T Development Plan towards 2020” as leading-edge technologyDeveloping CCS is included as one of the key areas of Developing CCS is included as one of the key areas of GHG reduction in China by GHG reduction in China by ““China’s National Climate Change Program”“China’s Scientific and Technological Actions on Climate Change” defines efines CCS as CCS as one of the one of the key taskkey taskss of of the the development development of of GHG control technologyGHG control technology in Chinain ChinaMOST is organizing related experts to design MOST is organizing related experts to design ““Program of Program of CCS technology development in ChinaCCS technology development in China””

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National S&T ProgramsNational Key Technology Program• Strategic studies on CCS

National Basic Research Program (973 Program)• 4 key projects are been implemented (EOR, polygeneration and etc.)

The National High Tech Program (863 Program)• Project “Carbon Capture and Storage Technologies”

National Fund: 20 Million RMBKey areas

• Capture: Absorption technologies• Storage: Capacity assessment, safety assessment, and

monitoring

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Enterprises’ Activities PetroChina• China’s first CO2 storage project (EOR) at Jilin Oil

Field since 2006• Investment: 200 million RMB• CO2 injection at 10 wells

Huaneng Group• GreenGen• First post-combustion technology demonstration

in Beijing Thermal Power plant with 3000 t co2/y captured, in operation before 2008 Olympic

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International cooperationMOST signed two MoUs on CCS with UK in December 2005 and with Europe Committee in February 2006Both MoUs contain common objectives to be completed under the three phases of the collaboration• Phase one is exploring the options for near-zero emissions coal

technology through CCS in China during 2006 to 2009• Phase two is defining and designing a demonstration project from 2010

to 2011• Phase three is construction and operation of a demonstration project

from 2012 to 2015. COACH, NZECOthers (GeoCapacity…)

Geological map of the Bohai and Ordos Basins

GeoCapacity

COACHNZEC

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Suggestions to further promote clean coal technology development in China

1) There is a need for formulation of policy to regulate industry development and deployment of clean coal technology, especially IGCC and coal-to-liquid; 2) Although the Chinese government already provides clean coal technology projects with preferential fiscal policies on a case-by-case basis, there is a need for comprehensive policy combining environmental protection policies, energy policies, industrial policies, energy conservation policies and high and new technology policies; 3) The reasonable national standard need to be built;

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4) The government should pay more attention on R&D of key and advanced technologies of clean coal technology; 5) The policies and measures should be established to encourage and support public and companies participation in the clean coal technology development. Consequently, the mechanism of clean coal technology development leading by companies will be created; 6) Further enhancement of international collaboration on CCS should be strengthened in the future, especially establishment and improvement of the financial mechanism for R&D of clean coal technology, so well as technology transfer.

Suggestions to further promote clean coal technology development in China

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Thanks for your attention!