BIOMETRICS: FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY

By Matthew WillertBy Matthew Willert

PUAD 620PUAD 620

OUTLINE

WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?WHAT IS BIOMETRICS? WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNITION WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNITION

TECHNOLOGY?TECHNOLOGY? CONTROVERSYCONTROVERSY MY OPINION OF THIS TECHNOLOGYMY OPINION OF THIS TECHNOLOGY QUESTIONS????????QUESTIONS????????

WHAT IS BIOMETRICS?

BIOMETRICS – any automatically BIOMETRICS – any automatically measurablemeasurable, , robustrobust and and distinctivedistinctive physical physical characteristic or personal trait that can be characteristic or personal trait that can be used to identify an individual or verify the used to identify an individual or verify the claimed identity of an individual.claimed identity of an individual.

TWO MAIN USES

1) IDENTFICATION1) IDENTFICATION-figure out “Who is X?”-figure out “Who is X?”-accomplished by system performing -accomplished by system performing

a a “one-to-many” search“one-to-many” search2) VERIFICATION2) VERIFICATION

-answer the question “Is this X?”-answer the question “Is this X?”-accomplished by the system -accomplished by the system

performing performing a “one-to-one” searcha “one-to-one” search

TYPES OF BIOMETRICS

Iris ScanningIris Scanning

-measures the iris patter in the colored part -measures the iris patter in the colored part of the eyeof the eye

Retinal ScanRetinal Scan

-measures the blood vessel patterns in the -measures the blood vessel patterns in the back of the eyeback of the eye

TYPES OF BIOMETRICS

Voice RecognitionVoice Recognition

-measures the vocal characteristics of a -measures the vocal characteristics of a person using a specific phraseperson using a specific phrase

Finger PrintingFinger Printing

-measures the unique pattern of lines on a -measures the unique pattern of lines on a persons fingerpersons finger

FACIAL RECOGNITION

Facial recognition is a form of computer Facial recognition is a form of computer vision that uses faces to attempt to identify vision that uses faces to attempt to identify a person or verify a person’s claimed a person or verify a person’s claimed identity. Regardless of specific method identity. Regardless of specific method used, the facial recognition is accomplished used, the facial recognition is accomplished in a five step process. in a five step process.

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 1)

ACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF AN ACQUIRING THE IMAGE OF AN INDIVIDUALS FACEINDIVIDUALS FACE

2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE2 WAYS TO AQUIRE IMAGE

1)Digitally scan an existing photograph1)Digitally scan an existing photograph

2)Acquire a live picture of a subject2)Acquire a live picture of a subject

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 2)

LOCATE IMAGE OF FACELOCATE IMAGE OF FACE

-software is used to locate the faces in the -software is used to locate the faces in the image that has been obtainedimage that has been obtained

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 2)

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 3)

ANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGEANALYSIS OF FACIAL IMAGE

-software measures face according to is -software measures face according to is peaks and valleys (nodal points)peaks and valleys (nodal points)

-focuses on the inner region of the face -focuses on the inner region of the face known as the “golden triangle”known as the “golden triangle”

-nodal points are used to make a face print-nodal points are used to make a face print

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 4)

COMPARISONCOMPARISON

-the face print created by the software is -the face print created by the software is compared to all face prints the system has compared to all face prints the system has stored in its database.stored in its database.

FIVE STEP PROCESS (STEP 5)

MATCH OR NO MATCHMATCH OR NO MATCH

-software decides whether or not any -software decides whether or not any comparisons from step 4 are close enough comparisons from step 4 are close enough to declare a possible matchto declare a possible match

FINAL STEP

THE HUMAN OPERATORTHE HUMAN OPERATOR

CONTROVERSY

FALSE POSITIVESFALSE POSITIVES

-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR -FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2000TEST 2000

-PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL -PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORTAIRPORT

-FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR -FACIAL RECOGNITION VENDOR TEST 2002TEST 2002

CONTROVERSY

VIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHT VIOLATION OF CONTITUTION RIGHT AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCH?

United States v. DionisioUnited States v. Dionisio, 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973) , 410 U.S. 1, 14 (1973)

-person does not have a reasonable expectation of -person does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy of those physical characteristics that are privacy of those physical characteristics that are constantly exposed to the public such as one’s constantly exposed to the public such as one’s facial features, voice and handwritingfacial features, voice and handwriting

CONTROVERSY

THE BORDER EXCEPTIONTHE BORDER EXCEPTION -the fourth amendment recognizes the -the fourth amendment recognizes the

longstanding right of the sovereign to longstanding right of the sovereign to protect itself by stopping and examining protect itself by stopping and examining persons and property crossing into this persons and property crossing into this countrycountry

MY THOUGHTS ON FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLGY

REVIEW

WHAT IS BIOMETRIC?WHAT IS BIOMETRIC? WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNTION WHAT IS FACIAL RECOGNTION

TECHNOLOGY?TECHNOLOGY? CONTROVERSYCONTROVERSY MY OPINIONMY OPINION

QUESTIONS??????