Ppt of Humanities

7/28/2019 Ppt of Humanities

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Credit

sCHAITANYA AGRAWAL

RIDDHI PARMARRAHUL DWEVEDI


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CONTENT:-

History, Facts and information aboutAncient Roman Architecture

Architecture - The society, cultureand life of the Romans

Architecture - Triumphal arches -Villas - Temples - Roads - Forts andStockades - Towns - Aqueducts


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History, Facts and Information aboutAncient Roman Architecture

The ancient Romans were masters ofArchitecture - designing and erectingbuildings.

Their skills in building and engineering,including their invention ofconcrete, resulted in different types and

styles of architecture including thebuilding of forts, villas, temples, towns,baths, great walls and roads - changingthe face of Europe forever.


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Structures built by the ancientRomans:- Forums - squares which were surrounded by temples, shops,

and basilicas

Basilicas - public buildings

Baths

Markets such as Trajan's market in Rome - a five story

complex housing shops, bars and restaurants Amphitheaters such as the Colosseum and the Circus

Maximus

Theatres

Triumphal arches celebrating the victories of the Romans

Villas

Temples Roads

Forts and Stockades

Towns

Aqueducts


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ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES ANDGEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS:-

CAPITALROME WAS FOUND NEAR RIVER TIBERSURROUNDED BY 7 HILLS

COAST WAS NOT INTENDED LIKE GREECE.

COLUMNAR AND TRABEATED STYLE OF THEGREEKS AND ETRUSCAN ARCH AND VAULT

EXTENSIVE USE OF LIME CONCRETECONCRETEHELPED NEW CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM

COVERED LARGE SPANS,RIBS WERE MADE BYBRICKS ON EDGES


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ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL FEATURES ANDGEOGRAPHICAL CONDITIONS:- VAULTS USED BY ROMANS WERESEMI CIRCULAR

VAULT / BARREL VAULT,CROSS VAULT, ORHEMISPHERICAL DOME

THEY CONSTRUCTED MULTI STOREYED BLDGS.UNLiKe The gReece


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ROMAN ORDERS:-DORIC ORDER

IONIC ORDER

CORINITHIAN ORDER

COMPOSITE ORDER

TUSCAN ORDER


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Pantheon Temple


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ROMAN TUSCAN ORDER:-


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EXAMPLES OF ROMAN

ARCHITECTURE:-


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AQUEDUCTS:-

THEY PAID ATTENTION TO WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES

WATER WAS COLLECTED FROM SPRINGS/RIVERS .

ARRIED BY TUNNELS,CHANNELS SUPPORTED ONWALLS/ARCHES TO A RESERVOIR OUTSIDE A CITY.

WATER WAS SUPPLIED TO ROME VIA A NETWORK OF

NINE AQUEDUCTS


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The Roman Road and Bridge:-

Roman roads were generally constructed in fourlayers with the topmost layer consisting of apavement of flat ,hard stones, concrete or pebbles

that were set in mortar.

The Romans ,in their prime, built thousands of miles ofroads which stretched from Rome to Britain and fromCarthage to Parthia.

These roads were constructed "to last a century" andmost lasted for two millennium and are still beingused today.


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The Roman Bath:-


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Trajan's Column:-


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The structure is about 30 meters (98ft) in height, 38 including its largepedestal.

The shaft is made from a series of 18colossal Carrara marble drums, eachweighing about 40 tons, with adiameter of about 4 metres (13 ft).

The 200 meter (656 ft) frieze windsaround the shaft 23 times.

Trajan's Column is a monument in Romeraised by order of emperor Trajan.

It is located in Trajan's Forum, built

near the Quirinal Hill, north of theoman Fo um


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Palatine Hill :-The Palatine Hill (LatinPalatium) is thecentermost of the sevenhills of Rome and is one ofthe most ancient parts ofthe city of Rome in Italy..


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The Arch and theDome


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ARCH:-

The Romans first adopted the arch from the Greeks,and implemented it in their own building.

An arch is a very strong shape as no single spot holdsall the weight and is still used in architecture today.The Roman use of the arch and their improvements inthe use of concrete and bricks facilitated the building

The same idea produced numerous bridges.

EXAMPLE: BRIDGE OAT MARIDA..


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The Roman use of the arch together with theirimprovements in the use of concrete.

construction of vaulted ceilings also enabled huge(covered) public spaces such as the public baths andbasilicas.

The Romans also based much of their architecture onthe dome, such as Hadrian's Pantheon in the city ofROMeRoman architecture was sometimes determined based

upon the requirements of Roman religion.

For example the Pantheon was an amazingengineering feat created for religious purposes


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The Pantheon :-

The Pantheon is a building in Romewhich was originally built as atemple to the seven deities of theseven planets in the Roman statereligion.

IT WAS a Christian church sincethe 7th century.

It is the best-preserved of all

Roman buildings and the oldestimportant building in the worldwith its original roof intact.

It has been in continuous useThROUghOUT iTs hisTORy


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PLAN


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http://www.sacred-destinations.com/italy/rome-st-peters-basilica-photos/slides/eosa_067p


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Arch of Septimius Severus

ARCH OF SEPTIMUS SEVERUS,204 AD


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The white marble Arch of Septimius Severus at thenortheast end of the Roman Forum is a triumphal archerected in 204 AD

The three archways rest on piers, in front of whichare detached Composite columns on pedestals.

The arch was raised on a travertine base originallyaPPROached by sTePs fROM The fORUM's aNcieNT LeVeL


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Roman - Triumphal - Arch


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Post-Roman triumphal

arches


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Arch of Constantine


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Basilica


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Basilica Aemilia:-


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The Basilica Aemilia was erected in 179 BC by thecensors Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (after whom thebasilica is named)

Marcus Fulvius Nobilior, completely rebuilt over twodecades and dedicated in 34 BC, restored after a fireby Augustus in 14 BC, and then again in AD 22 on its two-hundredth anniversary, the Basilica Aemilia wasconsidered by Pliny to be one of the most beautifulbuildings in Rome.

It was a place for business


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Basilica Julia:-The Basilica Julia, named after

Julius Caesar, who dedicated it in46 BC by Augustus, but burnedshortly afterward and was notrededicated for another twentyyears, in 12 AD.

It was rebuilt again byDiocletian after the fire of 283AD.

The Basilica was a large,ornate, public building used for

meetings and other officialbusiness

and provided space forgovernment offices and banking.


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Basilica of Maxentius:-


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The Basilica of Maxentius(Basilica Maxentii) was thelast of the great civilianbasilicas on the Roman

Forum.

The ruins of the basilica islocated between the Templeof Amor and Roma .


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TEMPLES:-


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Temple of Castor and Pollux:-


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Temple of Jupiter:-


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Temple of Romulus:-


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Temple of Saturn:-


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Temple of Venus and Roma:-


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The RomanColosseum

THE FLAVIAN AMPHITHEATRE


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The Colosseum or Coliseum, originally known as theFlavian Amphitheatre, is an amphitheatre in Rome,capable of seating 50,000 spectators, which was onceused for gladiatorial combat.

The Colosseum hosted large-scale spectacular

games that included

fights between animals (venationes),

the killing of prisoners by animals (see: Zoophilia:Roman games and circus) and

other executions (noxii), naval battles(naumachiae, via flooding the arena) up until AD 81,

and combats between gladiators (munera).


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The Roman Forum:-

The Roman Forum was the central


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The Roman Forum was the centralarea around which ancient Romedeveloped.

Here the communal hearth waslocated.

Originally it had been marshy

ground, which was drained by theTarquins with the Cloaca Maxima.


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Circuses:-


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Circus Maximus:-

The Circus Maximus

(Latin for largestcircle) is an ancientarena and massentertainment venue

located in Rome.


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Hippodrome:-

The Hippodrome was anancient Roman design tohold horse and chariotracing.

It corresponded to theRoman circus were onlyfour chariots ran at atime.


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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND:-

ETRUSCANS FALL OF LAST KINGTARQUINUS SUPERBUS ROMAN REPUBLICWAS FORMED

ROMAN KINGS WERE ELECTED MOSTFAMOUS JULIUS CEASER HE BROUGHT

MOST PROSPERITY TO ROME

NERO,VESPASIAN,TITUS,DOMITIAN,TRAJAN,HADRIAN,CARCALLA GREAT PROMOTERS

Of aRchiTecTURe.


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