Ppt group 48

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By: ANURADHA VIKASH KUMAR VIVEK SAJAN SUMIT KUMAR

Transcript of Ppt group 48

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By:ANURADHA

VIKASH KUMAR

VIVEK SAJAN

SUMIT KUMAR

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INTRODUCTION

Piezoelectricity was discovered by Curie brothers in 1880.

It is the generation of electric field from applied pressure.

It is observed in crystalline materials with no inversionsymmetry.

The materials exhibiting the direct piezoelectric alsoexhibit the reverse piezoelectric effect (the internalgeneration of a mechanical strain resulting from anapplied electrical field).

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MATERIALSNATURAL SYNTHETIC

Quartz Lead zirconate titanate (PZT)

Rochelle Salt Zinc oxide (ZnO)

Topaz Barium titanate (BaTiO3)

Sucrose Gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4)

Tendon Potassium niobate (KNbO3)

Silk Lead titanate (PbTiO3)

Enamel Lithium tantalate (LiTaO3)

Dentin Langasite (La3Ga5SiO14)

DNA Sodium tungstate (Na2WO3)

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WORKING The positive & negative charges are symmetrically

distributed in a crystal.

Piezoelectric ceramic materials are not piezoelectric

until the random ferroelectric domains are aligned by

a process known as POLING.

Poling consists of inducing a DC voltage across the

material.

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Fig: (a) Random orientation of domains prior to poling(b) Poling in DC Electric Field(c) Remanent polarization after field is removed

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When pressure is applied to an object, a negative charge is produced on the expanded side and a positive charge on the compressed side.

Once the pressure is relieved, electrical current flows across the material.

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PIEZO TRANSDUCER

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piezoelectric sensor

A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure pressure, acceleration, strain or force by converting them to an electricalsignal.

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InverterAn inverter is an electrical

device that converts direct

current (DC) to alternating

current (AC); the converted

AC can be at any required

voltage and frequency with

the use of appropriate

transformers, switching, and

control circuits.

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Block Diagram

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Lead Acid Battery Specifications

12V 1.3Ah sealed lead acid battery

1. CE and RoHs

2. high quality and reliability

3. maintenance free

4. long life cycle

General Features:

Sealed and maintenance free operation.

ABS containers and covers(UL94HB, UL94-0)optional.

Safety valve installation for explosion proof.

High quality and high reliability.

Exceptional deep discharge recovery performance.

Low self discharge characteristic.

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Working When ever force is applied on piezo electric crystals

that force is converted to Electrical energy is used todrive DC loads. And that minute voltage Which isstored in the Lead Acid battery. The battery isconnected to the inverter.

This inverter is used to convert the 12 Volt D.C to the230 Volt A.C. This 230 Volt A.C voltage is used toactivate the loads.

We are using conventional battery charging unit alsofor giving supply to the circuitry.

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PIEZOELECTRIC ENERGY HARVESTING

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POWER GENERATING SIDEWALK

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GYMS AND WORKPLACES Vibrations caused from

machines in the gym.

At workplaces,piezoelectric crystal arelaid in the chairs forstoring energy.

Utilizing the vibrations inthe vehicle like clutches,gears etc.

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MOBILE KEYPADS & KEYBOARDS

Crystals laid down underkeys of mobile unit andkeyboard.

For every key pressedvibrations are created.

These vibrations can beused for chargingpurposes.

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POWER GENERATING BOOTS OR SHOES Idea was researched in

US.

To power the battlefieldequipment by generatorsembedded in soldierboots.

Idea was abandoned dueto the discomfort.

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FLOOR MATS AND PEOPLE POWERED DANCE CLUBS Series of crystals can be laid below the floor mats, tiles

and carpets.

One footstep can only provide enough electrical currentto light two 60-watt bulbs for one second.

[source: Christian Science Monitor].

When mob uses the dance floor, an enormous voltage isgenerated.

This energy is used to power the equipment of nightclubs.

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OUTPUT POWER

The output voltage obtained from a singlepiezoelectric crystal is in millivolt(mV) range, which isdifferent for different crystals.

And the wattage is in microwatt(µW) range.

In order to achieve higher voltages, the piezoelectriccrystals can be arranged in series.

Used to charge batteries for backup supplies or topower low-power microprocessors.

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OTHER APPLICATIONS: Electric cigarette lighter:

Pressing the button of the lighter causes a spring-loadedhammer to hit a piezoelectric crystal, producing a sufficientlyhigh voltage that electric current flows across a small spark gap,thus heating and igniting the gas.

As sensing elements:

Detection of pressure variations in the form of sound is themost common sensor application, e.g. piezoelectricmicrophones. Sound waves bend the piezoelectric material,creating a changing voltage.

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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

Unaffected by external electromagnetic fields.

They cannot be used for truly static measurements

Pollution FreeCan pick up stray voltages in connecting wires.

Low Maintenance Crystal is prone to crack if overstressed.

Easy replacement of equipment.

May get affected by long use at high temperatures.

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CONCLUSION Piezoelectricity is a revolutionary source for “GREENENERGY”.

Flexible piezoelectric materials are attractive for powerharvesting applications because of their ability towithstand large amounts of strain.

Convert the ambient vibration energy surrounding theminto electrical energy.

Electrical energy can then be used to power other devicesor stored for later use.

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THANK

YOU