Ppt Family 1

8/18/2019 Ppt Family 1

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Family and Marriage


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Chapter Outline

Defining the Family Sociological Theory and Families Diversity Among Contemporary American Families

Marriage and Divorce Changing Families, Changing

Society


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Traditional Definition of

Family Social unit of people related through

marriage, birth, or adoption who reside

together in sanctioned relationships,engage in economic cooperation, socially

approved seual relations, and

reproduction and child rearing!


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Contemporary Definition of

Family "rimary group of people#usually related

by ancestry, marriage, or adoption#who

form a cooperative economic unit andcare for any young who consider their

identity to be attached to the group$ and

are committed to maintaining the group!


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"olling %uestion

The strength of the American family isdeclining!

A!& Strongly agree'!& Agree somewhat

C!& (nsure

D!& Disagree somewhat)!& Strongly disagree


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Features of *inship Systems

+umber of marriage partners permitted at

one time!

ho is permitted to marry whom! -ow descent is determined!

-ow property is passed on!

here the family resides!

-ow power is distributed!


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+umber of Marriage "artners

Polygamy is the practice of men or womenhaving multiple marriage partners!

"olygamy usually involves polygyny , oneman having more than one wife!

Polyandry is the practice of a womanhaving more than one husband!

Monogamy is a seually eclusivemarriage with one spouse!


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ho Marries hom.

Exogamy is the practice of selecting mates fromoutside one/s group!

Endogamy is the practice of selecting matesfrom within one/s group! The group may be based on religion, territory,

racial identity, and so forth!

The incest taboo, considered to be universal, isa cultural norm forbidding seual relations andmarriage between certain 0in!


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"roperty and Descent

*inship systems shape the distribution ofproperty in society by prescribing how lines ofdescent are determined!

1n patrilineal 0inship systems, family lineage istraced through the family of the father!

Matrilineal 0inship systems are those in which

ancestry is traced through the mother! 1n bilateral 0inship systems, descent is traced

both through the father and the mother!


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"lace of 2esidence

1n the (nited States, newly married couples areepected to establish independent households!

1n patrilocal 0inship systems, after marriage, awoman is separated from her own 0inship groupand resides with the husband or his 0inshipgroup!

1n matrilocal 0inship systems, a womancontinues to live with her family of origin!

+eolocal residence is the practice of the newcouple establishing their own residence!


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ho -olds "ower.

Marriage systems vary according to who holdspower in the marriage!

A patriarchy is a society or group where menhave power over women! 1n a matriarchy women hold power! 1n egalitarian societies men and women share

power e3ually, are e3ually valued by all societalmembers, have e3ual access to resources, andshare decision ma0ing!


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)tended and +uclear

Families Extended families are the whole networ0 of

parents, children, and other relatives who form

a family unit! )tended families are common among the

urban poor because they develop a

cooperative system of social and economic

support! The nuclear family is comprised of one married

couple residing together with their children!


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Theoretical "erspectives on

FamiliesFunctionalism Meet the need to sociali4e

children and reproduce

new members!

Conflict Theory 2einforce and supportpower relations in society!


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Theoretical "erspectives on

FamiliesFeministTheory

2eflect the genderhierarchies in society!

Symbolic1nteraction

)merge so people canmeet basic needs and

develop relationships!


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Family Structure by Race


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Diversity Among Families

Families today are smaller with fewer

births that are more closely spaced!

Childbearing and child rearing nowoccupy a smaller fraction of the adult life

of parents!

Death has been replaced by divorce asthe ma5or cause of early family disruption!


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Diversity Among Families

Married couples ma0e up a smaller

proportion of households!

Single parent households, post6childbearing couples, gay and lesbian

couples, and those without children are

increasingly common!


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Female6headed -ouseholds

789 of all children can epect to live

with only one parent at some point in

their lives! +umbers are growing due to:

"regnancy among unmarried teens -igh divorce rate


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Female6headed -ouseholds

Teen mothers are less li0ely to marry than

in the past!

Social problems are caused by economicstress rather than the absence of a

husband!

Single fathers tend to get more help thansingle mothers!


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Births to Teenage

Mothers


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Married Couple Families

Men and women have different eperiences

within marriage, with the benefits of marriage

generally accruing more to men than women!

Among married6couple families, a significant

change in recent years has been the increased

participation of women in the paid labor force!

omen in particular wor0 a ;second shift< ofunpaid household wor0 even when they also

have paid employment!


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Stepfamilies

'lended families demand both parents

and children learn new roles!

The lac0 of support systems cause stressresulting in high probability of divorce!


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=ay and >esbian

-ouseholds Less gender-stereotyped in household

roles than heterosexual couples.

4! o" people in the #nited States$belie%e gay marriages should berecogni&ed as %alid.

4'! belie%e that ci%il unions bet(eengays should be gi%en the same rights.


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)cceptance o" *ay

Marriage


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Singles

Single people today are 9?@ of the population!

Men and women are marrying at a later age!

'eing single no longer holds the same stigma itonce did, especially for women!

Single women were once labeled ;old

maids

carefree, seually active, unencumbered and

free6thin0ing!


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Marital Status of the (!S!

"opulation


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Cohabitation

Cohabitation has become common among

single people!

More than three times as many couples livetogether without being married now than in the

7Bs!

)stimates are that one63uarter of all children

will at some time during their childhood live in afamily headed by a cohabiting couple!


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Marriage

The values of partners, as well as the roles they

play, influence their eperience of marriage!

Among couples where both partners areemployed, only 9?@ share the housewor0

e3ually!

ith the arrival of the first child, women

increase their housewor0 and lessen theiremployment!


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Marriage

African American husbands provide a greatershare of housewor0 than hite husbands!

>atino households have more diversity in genderroles than stereotypes about machismo wouldlead us to believe!

98 of women say the amount of wor0 they haveto get done during the day is a cause of stress!

789 say that they feel resentment about how littletheir mate helps around the house and abouttheir lac0 of free time!


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Divorce

The (nited States leads the world in the numberof people who divorce!

More than siteen million people have divorcedbut not remarried in the population today!

Since 7E, the rate of divorce has more thandoubled, although it has declined recently sinceits all6time high in 7?!

The marriage rate is ?! marriages per 7people and the divorce rate, ! per 7people!/


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"olling %uestion

Did your natural parents divorce or

permanently separate before you were

7?.

A!& Ges

'!& +o


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Marriage and +i%orce

Rates


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Factors in Rise in +i%orce

Rate 1n earlier eras, people died younger, and

the average length of marriages was

shorter! The cultural orientation toward

individualism may predispose people to

terminate a marriage in which they areunhappy!


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Factors in Rise in +i%orce

Rate To people in unhappy marriages, divorce,

though painful and financially ris0y, can be apositive option!

The belief that couples should stay together fortheir children is giving way to a belief that amarriage with protracted conflict is moredetrimental to than divorce!


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Family Hiolence

The +ational Hiolence Against omen Office

estimates:

9I@ of women will be raped, physicallyassaulted, or stal0ed by an intimate partner

in their lifetime!

99@ eperience physical assault

BJ7@ are raped by intimates

I@ will be stal0ed by an intimate partner!


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Family Hiolence

2easons victim stays inrelationship: belief that batterer willchange

financial constraints mandatory arrest laws


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Hiewing Society in =lobal

"erspective


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Families and =lobali4ation

Changes at the global level are producing

transnational families, families where at

least one parent lives and wor0s in adifferent nation than the children!

"atterns of migration, war, and economic

development have a profound effect onthe social structure of families!


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Families and Social "olicy

The family is often blamed for many

social problems the nation eperiences!

Social policies designed to assist familiesshould recogni4e the diversity of family

forms and needs and the

interdependence of the family with othersocial conditions and social institutions!


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%uic0 %ui4


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7! Families are gendered institutions that

reflect the gender hierarchies in society!KThis statement is most closely related to:

a! functionalism

b! feminist theoryc! symbolic interaction

d! conflict theory


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Answer: b

Families are gendered institutions that

reflect the gender hierarchies in society!K

This statement is most closely related tofeminist theory!


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9! The pattern of relationships that define

peopleLs family relationships to oneanother is referred to as:

a! a patrilineal system

b! a 0inship systemc! a social system

d! a family system


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Answer: b

The pattern of relationships that define

peopleLs family relationships to one

another is referred to as a kinshipsystem.


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! 1n a women hold power!

a! matriarchyb! androgynous

c! monogamy

d! patriarchy


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Answer: a

1n a matriarchy women hold power!


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! KFamilies meet the needs of society to

sociali4e children and reproduce newmembers!K This statement reflects the:

a! conflict perspective

b! feminist perspectivec! functionalist perspective

d! symbolic interactionist perspective


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Answer: c

KFamilies meet the needs of society to

sociali4e children and reproduce new

members!K This statement reflects thefunctionalist perspective!


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I! KFamilies eperience social

disorgani4ation when society undergoesrapid social changes!K This statement is

most closely related to:

a! feminist theory

b! conflict theory

c! symbolic interaction

d! functionalism


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Answer: d

KFamilies eperience social

disorgani4ation when society undergoes

rapid social changes!K This statement ismost closely related to functionalism!

Ppt Family 1

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