Ppt chapter 17

Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 17

Hygiene

Chapter 17

Hygiene


• Hygiene: practices that promote health through personal cleanliness

• Activities that foster hygiene

– Bathing; cleaning and maintaining fingernails and toenails

– Performing oral care

– Shampooing and grooming hair

– Maintaining hearing aids and eyeglasses

Hygiene Hygiene


Integumentary System ComponentsIntegumentary System Components

• Skin

• Mucous membrane

• Hair

• Fingernails, toenails

• Teeth


• Epidermis

• Dermis

• Subcutaneous layer

SkinSkin


Cross-Section of the SkinCross-Section of the Skin


• Line body passages such as the digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive systems

• Mucous membrane also lines the conjunctiva of the eye

• Goblet cells in the mucous membranes secrete mucus, a slimy substance that keeps the membranes soft and moist

Mucous MembraneMucous Membrane


• Made up of keratin

• Forms from cells at the base of a single follicle

• Helps to prevent heat loss

• Sebaceous glands in the hair follicles release sebum, an oily secretion

HairHair


• Fingernails and toenails are made of keratin, which in concentrated amounts gives them their tough texture

• Normal nails are thin, pink, and smooth

• Fingernails and toenails provide some protection to the digits

NailsNails


• Present beneath the gums at birth

• Contain the outer covering, enamel, a keratin structure

• Exposed portion of each tooth: crown

• Portion within the gum: root

• Adults: 28 to 32 permanent teeth

• Saliva: keeps the teeth clean and inhibits bacterial growth

TeethTeeth


• Sugar, plaque, and bacteria may eventually erode the tooth enamel, causing caries

• Tartar leads to gingivitis while gum inflammation may cause periodontal disease

Common Dental ProblemsCommon Dental Problems


BathingBathing

• Uses a cleansing agent such as soap and water to remove sweat, oil, dirt, and microorganisms from the skin

• Advantages of bathing

– Eliminates body odor; reduces the potential for infection

– Stimulates circulation; provides a refreshed and relaxed feeling; improves self-image


Types of BathingTypes of Bathing

• Partial bathing

• Bed bath

– Towel bath

– Bag bath


QuestionQuestion

•Is the following statement true or false?

Partial bathing is most common in young adults.


AnswerAnswer

False.

Partial bathing is most common in older clients.


Advantages of Bed BathAdvantages of Bed Bath


Giving a Towel BathGiving a Towel Bath


QuestionQuestion


Towel bath is very expensive.


AnswerAnswer

False.

Towel bath saves expense.


ShavingShaving

• Removes unwanted body hair

• Accomplished with an electric or a safety razor

• The use of safety razor may not be possible in the following situations:

– If the client has a face injury

– If the client cannot shave


Shaving a Client’s FaceShaving a Client’s Face


Oral HygieneOral Hygiene

• Brushing and flossing the teeth

• Dentures and bridges require special cleaning and care

• Oral hygiene in unconscious clients

– Prevents aspiration of oral hygiene products and water


Advantages of Electric ToothbrushesAdvantages of Electric Toothbrushes


QuestionQuestion


Dentures are best washed with hot water.


AnswerAnswer

False.

Dentures are best washed with cold or tepid water.


Hair CareHair Care

• Apply a conditioner to loosen tangles

• Use oil on the hair if it is dry

• Braid the hair to help prevent tangles

• Brush the hair slowly to increase circulation of sebum

• Use a wide-toothed comb, combing from end to crown

• Use shampoo to clean hair


Nail CareNail Care

• Keeping the fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed

• Nail care should be provided with extreme caution for the following clients:

– Clients with diabetes

– Clients with impaired circulation

– Client with thick nails


QuestionQuestion


Applying alcohol to tangled hair helps remove the tangles.


AnswerAnswer

True.

Applying alcohol to tangled hair helps remove the tangles.


Visual and Hearing DevicesVisual and Hearing Devices

• Eyeglasses and hearing aids improve communication and socialization

– Eyeglasses

– Contact lenses

– Artificial eyes

– Hearing aids

– Infrared listening devices


Types of Contact LensesTypes of Contact Lenses


Examples of Hearing AidsExamples of Hearing Aids

• In the ear

• Behind the ear

• Remote controlled

(Refer to Figure 17-10 in the textbook.)


QuestionQuestion


Infrared listening devices (IRLDs) are used by clients with hearing impairment to hear sounds outdoors.


AnswerAnswer

False.

IRLDs cannot be used outdoors or in rooms that contain many windows or in well-lit rooms.


General Gerontologic ConsiderationsGeneral Gerontologic Considerations

• Poor hygiene and grooming in older adults: signs of visual impairments, functional changes, dementia, depression, abuse, or neglect

• Older adults do not need to bathe as frequently as younger adults

• Use mild, superfatted, nonperfumed soap

• Oils are not used in showers or bathtubs due to increased risk for falls


General Gerontologic Considerations (cont’d)


• For older adults with limited range of motion or mobility, provide:

– Long-handled bath sponges or hand-held shower attachments

– Nonskid strips on the floor of bathtubs

– Showers with strategically placed handles and grab bars; a tub/shower seat




• Due to increased susceptibility to dry skin, tears and scratches:

– Avoid skin care products containing alcohol, perfumes that aggravate dry skin

– Nails: keep trimmed and smooth

– Feet: regularly inspect condition

• Modify clothing to promote independence

• Tooth loss: periodontal disease


QuestionQuestion


Older adults need to bathe frequently because they perspire a lot.


AnswerAnswer

False.

Older adults do not need to bathe frequently because they have diminished perspiration and sebum production.

Ppt chapter 17

Health & Medicine

Transcript of Ppt chapter 17