PRINCIPLES OF

GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING

r.a.s.Borja

What is GUIDANCE?

• “to direct” or “to point out”

• giving assistance or helping a person to solve certain concerns

• helping an individual in understanding one‘s strengths and limitations as well as directing self in solving problems and making decisions.

Guidance is also defined as:

• an activity in which many persons and organizations take part

• given individuals by their parents, relatives, and friends and by the community at large through various educational, industrial, social, religious, and political agencies and, particularly, through the press and broadcasting services

Guidance is also defined as:

• giving of information that enables others to increase the scope of their exploratory behavior

• providing information about a person’s own abilities and interests as determined by psychological tests or about educational opportunities and the requirements of various occupations

WHAT IS COUNSELING?

• Shertzer and Stone “a helping relationship”

• Gazda- “facilitating personal growth and problem solving through effective interpersonal communication”

Counseling

• Patterson:• 1- influencing voluntary behavior change on the

part of the client.• 2- providing conditions that facilitate voluntary

change• 3- a relationship with limits• 4- conditions facilitating behavior change are

provided through interviews• 5. Is private and confidential

Counseling is NOT

• Persuasion

• Discipline

• Giving Advice

• Giving information

COUNSELING • STRUCTURED AS TO TIME AND PLACE

• GOAL DIRECTED

• TIME LIMITED

• FOCUS ON CLIENT

• SYSTEMATIC-ORGANIZED AND PLANNED

• DISCUSS PSYCHOLOGICALLY IMPORTANT ISSUES

• NON EVALUATIVE

• CONFIDENTIAL

COUNSELING vs PSYCHOTHERAPY

• Focus on less severe problems

• Shorter duration

• Preventive more than remedial

Guidance Programs Based on Basic Principles

• It is an integral part of the educational system– Provides holistic development of the

students– Education+guidance support=maximize– Administrative /faculty

understanding+guidance= success– Guidance staff have separate and distinct

tasks from discipline and teaching

• It is responsive to students’ needs– Addresses needs, unique to school culture,

continuous process

• It recognizes the student as an individual– Individuality (needs, capabilities)

• The program is in the hands of qualified personnel– Trained and a role model

Basic Principles for Community Agencies

• Understand the characteristics of the population and environment where agency is serving

• Data must be factual, not theoretical• Communicate to the staff and the

community any findings about the community/ activities

• Specify goals, established priorities and identify procedures to achieve goals

• Evaluate the program for improvements and public support

The Need for Guidance Services

• The Family Situation– The Disappearing Family– The Unready Family– The Pathological Family

• Increased Mobility of Filipinos– Increasing Course Options and Educational

Attainment– New Job Titles– Lack of Job Possibilities– New Trends in Permanency and Tenure– Increasing Financial Difficulty

• Increasing Possibilities of Experiencing Crisis– Calamities– Crimes– Learning and Other Disorders