PPPOE - rozup.irrozup.ir/up/netit/Documents/Pudman6/Pourkhalili/Salavati.pdf · correspond with the...

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1 گراندي کاربرنشگاه علمي کار داصفهان واحد ا نام درس:ای گسترده های شبکه فناوری هPPPOE هنما :د راستا ا جناب آقایلیاب پورخلی سهر مهندس نگارش:حمدینی، جواد نورمتی، علی آقاجا حمید صلوا

Transcript of PPPOE - rozup.irrozup.ir/up/netit/Documents/Pudman6/Pourkhalili/Salavati.pdf · correspond with the...

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واحد اصفهان –دانشگاه علمي کاربردي کارگران

نام درس:

فناوری های شبکه های گسترده

PPPOE استاد راهنما :

مهندس سهراب پورخلیلیجناب آقای

نگارش:

حمید صلواتی، علی آقاجانی، جواد نورمحمدی

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فهرست مطالب

3 ................................................................................. (يصلوات دیحم: دهنده ارائه) ADSL يتکنولوژ درباره: اول لفص

ADSL—Data and Voice on the Same Wire ........................................................................................ 3

ADSL Characteristics .......................................................................................................................... 4

Separating ADSL and POTS with Microfilters and a CO Splitter ........................................................ 5

Separating ADSL and POTS with a CPE Splitter ................................................................................. 6

ADSL Channel Separation with CAP Modulation .............................................................................. 7

Data over ADSL .................................................................................................................................. 8

PPP over Ethernet ............................................................................................................................. 9

PPPoE in Operation ......................................................................................................................... 01

DSL and PPPoE Deployment Options .............................................................................................. 00

12 .............................................. (يآقاجان يعل ارائه) سرور با نتیکال PPPOE یيشناسا و ارتباط نحوه: دوم فصل

(PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI ........................................................................................ 01

(PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO ............................................................................................. 01

(PPPoE Active Discovery Request(PADR.......................................................................................... 03

(PPPoE Active Discovery Session-confirmation(PADS ..................................................................... 03

03 .................................................................................................................. 7 ندوزیو در کانکشن کی تساخ

11 ..................................... (ينورمحمد جواد توسط ارائه) ایمزا و بیمعا نت به يدسترس يبرا DHCP از استفاده سوم فصل

Address Pool ............................................................................................................ 05 از نهیبه ی استفاده

05 ................................................................................ یو مکان نه و وزری Credential اساس بر ها نهیهز پرداخت

06 .......................................................................................................................... گرید یپروتکلها از استفاده

PPPoE .......................................................................................... 06 یمعمار کی یساز ادهیپ زمان کردن عتریسر

06 ......................................................................................................................... سیسرو سرقت از یریجلوگ

11 .................................................................................................................................................................. يتست تسواال

11 .............................................................................................................................................................. يحیتشر سواالت

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)ارائه دهنده :حمید صلواتی( ADSLفصل اول: درباره تکنولوژی

ADSL—Data and Voice on the Same Wire

• ADSL exists on the same twisted-pair telephone line as the POTS. Three information channels usually exist over the same wiring (depending on the variety of ADSL): a POTS channel for analog voice, a lower-speed ADSL upstream data channel, and a high-speed ADSL downstream data channel. A user can use the phone line and the ADSL connection simultaneously without adverse effects on either service.

• ADSL has asymmetric data rates, with higher data rates toward the user (downstream) and lower data rates toward the carrier (upstream).

• The distance between the end user and the CO provides the guideline for line speeds.

Downstream, ADSL supports speeds up to slightly more than 8 Mbps. For upstream, the rate

is approximately 1 Mbps. The maximum distance for the maximum upstream rate is 180111

feet (5.5 km) over a one-wire pair without repeaters on an optimized loop. The maximum

downstream speed can be achieved at distances up to 100111 feet (7.3 km) using standard 1.0

mm (02-gauge) wire on an optimal loop.

• Standardized in 0112, newer ADSL variants offer improvements over regular ADSL:

• ADSL0 (ITU G.//0.792) offers higher downstream rates of up to 10 Mbps for spans

of less than 8111 feet (0.5 km).

• ADSL0+ (ITU G.//0.5) provides up to 02 Mbps for spans of less than 5111 feet (1.5

km).

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ADSL Characteristics

• Service providers deploy ADSL service between ADSL modems at the subscriber and the CO locations with an ADSL modem at each end:

• An ADSL Transmission Unit-Remote (ATU-R) located at the subscriber end • An ADSL Transmission Unit-central office (ATU-C) located at the service provider end;

a DSLAM at the central office encompasses multiple ATU-Cs • There are three basic line-coding techniques associated with ADSL:

• Single-carrier: Carrierless Amplitude and Phase Modulation (CAP) • Multicarrier with DMT: Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT) modulation • Multicarrier with G.lite: G.lite, also known as splitterless ADSL, offers slower speeds

but does not require the signals to be split at the subscriber end. This technique is the most popular method for the mass market.

• The service provider determines which modulation technique to use. The technique has to correspond with the ADSL CPE and ADSL modems on the DSLAM.

• When dealing with problems in ADSL operation, be aware of these causes: • Load coils must be removed from the line for ADSL to operate. • Throughput is reduced when impedance mismatches are present (for example, when

a different wire gauge is used in the line). • Bridge taps also reduce the achievable throughput. • Crosstalk from other lines and wiring degrades the throughput. • External interference like AM radio interference results in unpredictable effects on

ADSL performance.

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Separating ADSL and POTS with Microfilters and a CO Splitter

• The major benefit of ADSL is the ability to provide data services with voice services. When the service provider puts analog voice and ADSL on the same wire, the provider splits the POTS channel from the ADSL modem using filters or splitters. This setup guarantees uninterrupted regular phone service even if ADSL fails. When filters or splitters are in place, the user can use the phone line and the ADSL connection simultaneously without adverse effects on either service.

• This graphic shows how ADSL and voice traffic travel back and forth between the CO and the customer premises.

• ADSL offloads the data (modem) traffic from the voice switch and keeps analog POTS separate from data. Separating voice and data traffic provides fail-safe emergency-call services for POTS operation. The data channel is established between the CPE modem and the CO DSLAM. The voice channel is established between the telephone and the voice switch at the CO premises.

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Separating ADSL and POTS with a CPE Splitter

• ADSL signals distort voice transmission and are split or filtered at the customer premises. There are two ways to separate ADSL from voice at the customer premises: using a microfilter or using a splitter.

• A microfilter filters the ADSL signal from the voice signal. A microfilter is a passive low-pass filter with two ends. One end connects to the telephone, and the other end connects to the telephone wall jack. This solution eliminates the need for a technician to visit the premises and allows the user to use any jack in the house for voice or ADSL service.

• POTS splitters separate the DSL traffic from the POTS traffic. The POTS splitter is a passive device. In the event of a power failure, the voice traffic still travels to the voice switch in the CO. Splitters are located at the CO and, in some deployments, at the customer premises. At the CO, the POTS splitter separates the voice traffic that is coming back from the customer and going to the voice switch in the CO and the data traffic that goes to the DSLAM in the CO.

• This graphic illustrates using a splitter at the customer premises. • The local loop terminates on the customer premises at the demarcation point in the

network interface device (NID). This point is usually where the phone line enters the customer premises. At this point, a splitter is attached to the phone line. The splitter forks the phone line; one branch provides the original house telephone wiring for telephones, and the other branch connects to the ADSL modem.

• The splitter acts as a low-pass filter, allowing only the 1 to 2 kHz frequencies to pass to or

from the telephone. Installing the POTS splitter at the NID usually means that a technician must go to the customer site. Because of this additional labor, most home installations today use microfilters. Also, since the splitter separates the ADSL and voice signals at the NID, there is usually only one ADSL outlet available in the house.

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ADSL Channel Separation with CAP Modulation

• ADSL uses two types of modulation techniques: a single-carrier CAP, which is proprietary, and multicarrier standardized DMT.

• CAP (carrierless amplitude/phase modulation) • DMT (Discrete Multitone)

• DMT and CAP are line-encoding technologies that maximize copper's bandwidth for transporting data

• This graphic illustrates CAP modulation. CAP modulation is easy to implement and was used in many early ADSL installations. CAP-based DSL makes use of three separate channels on the wire by dividing the signals into three distinct bands:

• Voice channel: Voice traffic occupies the 1- to 2-kHz band and is unchanged.

• Upstream channel: CAP modulated upstream data traffic uses the 05- to 101-

kHz range. • Downstream channel: CAP modulated downstream data traffic uses the 021-

kHz to 1.5-MHz range. The actual width of the downstream channel (the upper

frequency) varies and depends on a number of conditions, such as line length or line noise.

• The three channels are widely separated to minimize the possibility of interference between them on one line or between the signals on different lines.

• A single-carrier notation means that only one frequency band carries either an upstream or a downstream channel. CAP is similar to Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) in how it manipulates the carrier wave to convey data. CAP produces a signal that filters the carrier

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frequency (suppresses the carrier). This results in less power required in transmission. A single frequency carrier, centered in the middle of the frequency range, is modulated (via CAP) and the resulting output signal with a suppressed carrier has sufficient detail to decode on the receiving end. Due to the use of the entire bandwidth and multibit encoding, the data throughput is quite high.

• As an example, 050 CAP at 1188 kbaud symbol rate results in 8 Mbps.

Data over ADSL

• Most DSL networks use ATM as the data-link layer protocol. In basic terms, a DSLAM is an ATM switch with DSL interface cards (ATU-Cs). The DSLAM terminates the ADSL connections and then switches the traffic over an ATM network to an aggregation router.

• The aggregation router is the Layer 7 device where IP connections from the subscriber

terminate. There are three ways to encapsulate IP packets over an ATM and DSL connection:

• RFC 128790082 Bridged

• PPP over Ethernet (PPPoE) • PPP over ATM (PPPoA)

• In RFC 1287 Bridging, the ADSL CPE bridges the Ethernet frame from the end user’s PC to the

aggregation router, where integrated routing and bridging (IRB) provides connectivity to the

IP cloud. RFC 1287 Bridging has security and scalability issues, making it unpopular. ISPs are

now opting for PPPoE and PPPoA, both of which are much more scalable and secure but involve a more complex implementation.

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PPP over Ethernet

• Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet (PPPoE) is a network protocol for encapsulating PPP frames in Ethernet frames. It is used mainly with ADSL services. It offers standard PPP features such as authentication, encryption, and compression.

• In an ADSL deployment, the CPE bridges the Ethernet frames from the end user’s PC to an aggregation router over ATM with an Ethernet frame carrying a PPP frame. A PPP session is established between the subscriber device with PPPoE client support (either an end user PC with PPPoE client software or the CPE router configured as the PPPoE client) and the aggregation router.

Application FTP SMTP HTTP … DNS …

Transport TCP UDP

Network IP IPv0

Network Access

PPP

PPPoE

Ethernet

An Ethernet frame carries the PPP frame. Service provider end:

DSLAM for DSL connection termination

Aggregation router for PPP session termination

Subscriber end:

DSL modem for DSL connection termination

PPPoE client for PPP session termination

The client device is the PC or the router at the CPE.

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PPPoE in Operation

• This topology shows a router as a client. Depending on the deployment you choose, either the PC or the router can be the PPPoE client.

• In the PPPoE architecture, the PPPoE client functionality connects to the ADSL service. The PPPoE client first encapsulates the end-user data into a PPP frame, and then the PPP frame becomes encapsulated inside an Ethernet frame. The IP address allocation for the PPPoE client uses the same principle as PPP in dial mode, which is through IP Control Protocol (IPCP) negotiation with Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) or Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) authentication. The aggregation router that authenticates the users can use either a local database on the aggregation router or an authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA) server.

• PPPoE client functionality can be available as a software PPPoE client application on the end-user PC. With this model, PPPoE provides the ability to connect a host over a simple bridging CPE to an aggregation router. A host uses its own PPP stack, and the user is presented with a familiar user interface (using the PPPoE client software) similar to establishing a dialup connection. Unlike PPPoA, access control, billing, and type of service can be controlled on a per-user, rather than a per-site, basis.

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DSL and PPPoE Deployment Options

• When deploying PPPoE and DSL, three options are available based on the equipment used, DSL termination, and PPPoE client functionality:

1. A router with an internal modem and PPPoE client functionality can terminate a DSL line and establish a PPPoE session. This option is preferable when support of a PPPoE client software is undesirable. The router can also be a DHCP server. This DHCP server can deploy Network Address Translation (NAT) and Port Address Translation (PAT) to connect multiple users behind the customer router using a single ADSL connection and a single PPP username and password.

0. An external modem can terminate a DSL line, and a router with PPPoE client functionality can establish a PPPoE session. A router can also act as a DHCP server and provide NAT and PAT functionality.

7. An external modem can terminate a DSL line. An end-user PC encompasses the PPPoE client for establishing a PPPoE session.

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کالینت با سرور )ارائه علی آقاجانی( PPPOEارتباط و شناسایی فصل دوم: نحوه

Pont-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet میباشددو و اناور ک ه ا دد ر یر مد ریو ا ددته پروتکل 0یک پروتکل الیه

ویز قایل Ethernet ه یر کوی شیکه ک ک ما یا ین خص صی. PPPتنامد خاصی. اای یک پروتکل PPPoE د. PPPاای

شته یاشیو 0ک یر کوی الیه PPTP جر . یعند شنا میت ویو کتباطهاید ماونو اوکشن

قایل RFC0510 یو ع شددوا دد. ه ط کام امل ین پروتکل یا UUNETیا اوف تجاکی ویا یعند ISP ین پروتکل ت ددا ونین

ترس .

ر و یگری یه نیل ویاا یه نترین تنظینام ددن. isolationییشددتر ا ین پروتکل ددت ا ا مد ننو. یکد یه نیل اا ISPمعن ال

مشترک

مرحله ین. ک یه روک متصل مد نو 2 . ه طد DHCPاناونو PPPoE ص ل اک

(PPPoE Active Discovery Initiation (PADI

خ ک کو ر مد و یسو Mac addressیه تنام شبکه ا ال مد ش ه ین. broadcast ین کخ . یه ص کم

(PPPoE Active Discovery Offer (PADO

PPPoE Server .پس ا کیافbroadcast ین. یا ذ ر Mac address خ یه ین. یکpacket ک ددال مد نو ه

حاوی پیشنها ی یر ی یرقر کی کتباط .

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(PPPoE Active Discovery Request(PADR

ک صد کم ت ف شدر یا یک تادیویه یه وی مد فر تو ه شر یا م ک ت ف مد PPPoE Server ین. پس ا کیاف. پیشدنها

یاشو encryptionیا فعال ی یا وب Authentication protocolت وو مسادلد وظیر

(PPPoE Active Discovery Session-confirmation(PADS

کخ . ین. ک یا یک تادیویه قب ل میکنو و کتباط یرقر ک مد ش PPPoE serverو ک مرحله رخر

. broadcastو مکا ک ال LANوج یک PPPoEیا یرک د م ک ف ق خ ای یو ه الامه یرقر کی یک کتباط

7در ویندوز ساخت یک کانکشن

میکنی م یه اختن یک اوکشن یتو قو

یر ی ینکاک یه ر کس ایر کفته

Control Panel\All Control Panel Items\Network and Sharing Center

یر کویsetup a new connection or network لیک نیو

ا نیس. یاا شوا یر کوی Connect to the Internet لیک نیو

ی ا یین گزینه اا یر کوBroadband(PPPOE) لیک نیو

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UserName و Password نیو و ک یعوی ا ک ک ک خ

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)ارائه توسط جواد نورمحمدی( برای دسترسی به نت معایب و مزایا DHCPفصل سوم استفاده از

DHCP مز یای ا مد یاشددو مز یای ک ی یگه وظری ا و معایب ک ی وظری ا DHCP ختصددا یه میشدده Dynamic ر ک ددهای IP یه

مری ط تنظینام کنال ا یغیرمد ت وو DHCP Server ر شدداکا ی اکاا یه DHCP Server ت ددا تنظینام کنال انچنین و ی اکاا

ر شاکا NetBIOS اختاک و ع تنظی یه میشه مثال یر ی ه نه0 کنال ک تنظینام و ع 01 ا ییش اا IP Address یه

ر حسددا انچنین و Authentication قایلی. PPPoE یرخ ف DHCP ه ینجا دد. مشددک م ا یکد! ؟ جا دد. مشددکل پس

رویس دد یا شددو غام اکشدد ه نین وصددب کو نکد فز کاای ورم یایو غانبا یر ی حل ین م ضدد ع وو کا کو ی اک مصددرفد ی ازینه

DHCP یا انزما ر اک و DHCP یه میشدده م ک ین ک مثWalled Garden دداختاکی چنین دداای پیا ا یر ی معناکی یه ه

ی شبکه ا غیر ید شدبکه ایچ یه ISP ی شدبکه یه شدو وصدل محض یه ی اک هیوین شدکل د. کنلکر چگ وگد ر شداکا اسد.

منتظر Walled Garden ت ا Authentication کنل تکنیل تا یایو و( ینترو. خص صا) وو کا مستقی دتر د ISP خلد محوو

و واین

یک DHCP Server0 یک یین ااید Real-Time Interface یه ویاا شدددنا Walled Garden نک یه ددداای پیا ا یک ک

RADIUS Server0 یک BRAS Server یکد انچنین و Billing Server کین

Address Pool از بهینه ی استفاده

شددنا یه میشدده ه ااید IP Address اسددتن0 ااPPP Session ناونوا میشددن0 یجا ISP و شددنا یین ه ااید PPPoE Session چ وکه

ار ی اکااش ه یاشن مرنئن میت ون اا Service Provider یوین یله یشن ا تخصیصDynamic ص کم یه میت ون ختصدا

میکنه کیاف. قبل ی فعه یا مت اوم IP یه فعه

وصل اما داس یر کو ی اکاا درویس میت ون اا ISP میکنه0 ک د. Ethernet کوی یر Session یک PPPoE ینکه یخاطر طرفد ا

نن قرع وک کتباطش ییکاکی اماوها ک تا ییاک فشاک ی اکاا یه میت ون م ض ع انین نک یه و یو تخصیص ینترو. یه شووش

وی مکان نه و یوزر Credential اساس بر ها هزینه پرداخت

مکا وه و ر نترل اوتشدد دداس یر کو ی اکاا ه میشدده ک Authentication 0 یه ویاا انیشدده تقریبا اا PPP Session چ وکه

کیاف. کو ینتروتش رویس ISP ان ا ه کفیقش ی خ وه ا یت وه ه استش منکن ی اک یه یر ی یوین یله ینترو. یه شووش وصدل

یشه وصل ترو. ین یه خ ش او. یا ر ا

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دیگر پروتکلهای از استفاده

PPPoE پروتکلهای میت وه Non-IP ط کاتد پا تهای خل ک کو PPP ی ی دددیله پروتکلد ار تقریبا ترتیب یوین و یکنه پسددد نه

PPPoE استش وتقال قایل

PPPoE معماری یک سازی پیاده زمان کردن سریعتر

یک قبل ا چ وکه اا ISP ثر! ؟ چیه جانب م ض ع میوووین و اا د. RADIUS یه و نویویاام PPPoE معناکی یک قسدن. مهنترین

PPPoE یر ی میکر 0 ت ا ا PPP یر ی ه یدRADIUS ا میت ون حاال پس 0(Dial-Up تر د یر ی) شدتن PPP مبنای یر معناکی

یرا یاالتر خیلد اا ISP یر ی PPPoE ااماود و ک معناکیهای اای پیا ا رک. ه میشه یاکث ین و نن ت ا ا ا

سرویس سرقت از جلوگیری

ش انه تا یزوه PPPoE اوکشن یه ووها تک تک یا میکنه عد یعوش و میکنه وصل Hub یه یه کو ش خ وه امپی تراای و میا ی اک یه

گذ ش. وخ او RADIUS کا0 ویاا RADIUS یه Authentication یر ی PPPoE چ وکه! ؟ می ته ت اقد چه خب یاشن شته ینترو.

مکا تصال یه چنو امپی تر ک وخ او ش. ی اک ترتیب0 یوین و یشه ا ا ی اک ین ت ا Session یک ا ییش ه

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ت تستیسواال

؟را داراست Userو همچنین حساب کردن هزینه مصرفی Authenticationکدامیک از موارد زیر قابلیت 0

PPPOE ب( DHCP الف(

هیچکدام د( PPP ج(

؟محسوب نمی شود PPPOEکدامیک از موارد زیر جزء مزایای 1

سرعت باالی اجرای آن ب( POOLاستفاده بهینه از آدرس الف(

هیچکدام د( CREDENTIALپرداخت هزینه ها بر اساس ج(

؟می باشد کدامیک از موارد زیر صحیح PPPOEدر پروتکل 3

ها بر اساس مکان اتصال آنها به Userامکان کنترل الف(

اینترنت

ها بر اساس اکانت اختصاص یافته به Userامکان کنترل ب(

آنها

ها بر اساس زمان متصل شدن به Userامکان کنترل ج(

اینترنت

همه موارد صحیح است د(

؟ر صحیح می باشد )ترتیب اجرا مهم است ( کدامیک از موارد زی PPPOEدر برقراری یک اتصال 4

پیشنهاد –تایید ارتباط –درخواست – شناساییشروع ب( تایید ارتباط –درخواست –پیشنهاد –شروع شناسائی الف(

گزینه ج و د د( درخواست –شروع شناسایی –پیشنهاد –تایید ارتباط ج(

؟مدیریت می کند PPPOEدر کدامیک از پروتکلهای زیر کنترل ارتباطات را 5

LCP ب( NCP الف(

TCP د( MCP ج(

؟قابل تنظیم می باشد MSSو MTUمقادیر PPPOEآیا در اتصال برقرار شده توسط کانکشن 6

قابل تنظیم نمی باشد ب( قابل تنظیم می باشد الف(

هیچکدام د( گاهی قابل تنظیم می باشد ج(

؟وسط کدام قسمت صورت می پذیرد ( ت PADمرحله قطع ارتباط ) 7

الف و ب ب( فرستنده الف(

ISP Server د( گیرنده ج(

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سواالت تشریحی

1- PPPOE چیست ؟ و در چه الیه ای کار می کند و تفاوت آن باPPP در چیست؟

جر . ویز قایل Etherentیر کوی شبکه PPPOE ین . ه PPPمد یاشو و ت اوم ر یا 0یک پروتکل الیه

استفاده می کنند چیست ؟ PPPOEها بیشتر از پروتکل ISPدالیلی که -2

- Isolation ی ر و یگری نترین اما ویاا یه تنظینام ن. مشترک

را نام برده و معنی هر مرحله را بیان کنید؟PPPOE DISCOVERYمراحل یک اتصال -3

1- PADI مرحله شروع شنا ایدPPPOE فعال

0- PADO و شنا اید شنها مرحله پیPPPOE فعال

7- PADR مرحله کخ . شنا ایدPPPOE فعال

2- PADS مرحله تاییو کتباط شنا اید شوا کPPPOE فعال

5- PADT مرحله قرع کتباط

را بیان کنید؟ PPPOEدو مرحله اصلی یک اتصال -4

PPPOE Discoveryشنا اید پروتکل یا -1

ppp sessionیرقر کی کتباط و طرفه یا -0

5- LCP مخفف چیست؟ و چه کاربردی دارد؟

- Link Control Protolol و اکیر ر یرک دد وو اا یسدته اای ا قر ک گرفته ک فریPPP و انچنین یرک د مکا

وج چنو مو ک م ای و یا کمز گذ کی ا اا