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, TO DATE 30 December 1949%

FROM Chief of Stit104,.'1CarTsruhe

SUBJECT GENERAL— Operational

Legionary 1.4oVement, 1919 to Preaet:

_1. Attached for your retention Jac 1L's trenalationof the report on the Legidnary Movement which Was prepared byz: during his stay at ABACUS 9•

2. L -1took great pains with the report because he jconsiders the movement in its present form to be dangerous.He is well qualified to discuss it inasmuch as he was a memberof the organization (1933-1940) and has been intimately affectedby its manifestations',

DICLAHIFIEVAND RELEASLIVCENtIAL

SOUNCIONITHDOSEIENPrf*D.N.1129.NAZI

WAR CR 1041 OCLOSIIRE•DATE 200e

REOIS1RY COPY

VVI'49.-51-28 A.:

•

.:• • CLASSIFICATION

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S

Legionary* Movement, 1919 - to Present.

1. Conditions Leading to the Birth of the Movement.

Some time between 1875 and 1380 there started a seal butsteady flow of Russian political refugees into MOLDAVIA and especiallyinto IASI, in Rumania. Those refugees brought along with thee theideas, the doctrine the methods of action and of political fightingof the Russian Socialist Party, which later became the Russian CommunistParty. Those imports took root with small groups of workers in theIASI area and gradually spread to other very limited groups of workersin the Old Kingdom.

The Russian Communist Bolshevik Revolution of October 1917leP to the immediate disintegration of the Russian armies, disposed onthe Moldavian front, end determined a revolutionary current which madeitself felt in Rumania, too. In IASI, then a flourishing centre andthe capital of Moldavia, which had been directly subjected to theinfluence of the Russian refugees, there broke out then the firstCommunist revolutionary movement in Rumania, which was initiated bythe railway workers of the NICOLINA repair shops. In IASI, however,which was then a great cultural centre as well, the large number ofintellectuals concentrated there,who were either associated with theuniversities - professors mvi students - or were practicing the freeprofessions, checked the workers' attempts to bring about a revolutionarymovement and thus prevented the spread of the Communist Revolution intoRumania.

During that period of political upheaval and instability .which followed World War I and in the atmosphere created by the democraticChanges which were taking place in Greater Ruaania, under the influenceof the Western Democracies - Prance, Great Britain and the United .States - there VAS born the Legionary Movement, which was started byCornaliu Zelea COGREANU.

2. The Period 1919 - 1937. The Old Legionary Guard.

The legionary Movement's conceptions of life, politicalprinciples, method of political activity and fighting developedprimarily to fight Communism in Rumania and secondarily aimed to bringabout such political, economic and social changes in the country, aswould raise living conditions from an Oriental to a European level.The Legionary Movemnt developed, during that initial stage, along twomain lines of principles corresponding especially to the ideals of thedumanian youth, who desired to keep pace with the European political,

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f V

7 2 -economic, social and spiritual-cultural development. Those principlesfall into two categories:

a. The traditional principles: nationalism, the Christianfaith, antisemitiem and anticommuxism.

b. The new principles, circulated by the European socialistcurrent: social justice, the fight against the exploitation of man byfellow man, the principle of labor, the principle of honor and ofmutual assistance.

The chief aim which the Legionary Movemmnt sought to achievewas the education of the human character along all of the principlesmentioned above. There existed the firm conviction among the leadersof the movement, at that time, that the transformation of the humancharacter was the decisive factor in achieving the political, economicand social changes in the Rumanian community, both in width and indepth. The method of action and of political fighting decided on bythe Legion led to the organization of the Movement on a strict hierarchyand discipline, which gave it a real and important unity and force ofaction throughout the country.

The development of the Legionary Movement did not take placein a quiet political atmosphere because of the conflict between its aimsand the political, economic and social interests of the other politicalparties or of some state institutions. A serious political breakoccurred between the Legionary Movement and the old political partiesdue to the misunderstanding, on both sides, of the social-biologicalprinciple. According to that principle there must exist, in the lifeof a human society, an organized continuity between successive generations,a linking which should lead to a harmonization of the political endsocial interests of those generations, whose practical effect should bethe harmonious development of society as opposed to convulsions causedby revolutionary terrorist actions.

The assassination of MANCIU in IASI (1928) by CODREANUhimself, the assassination of I. G. DUCA in SINAIA (1933) and theassassination of STELESCU in BUCHAREST, constituted grave terroristmanifestations of the Legionary Movement in the political life of thecountry which led, as a logical consequence, to the aggravation of theconflict and of the break between the Movement and the traditionalpolitical parties. The very serious political consequences of those

.terrorist actions forced the Legionary Movement; for a time, intoclandestine existance. That barred the Legion from a natural developmentout in the open, under the critical supervision of the public opinionof the country.

Cornaliu Zelea CODREANU and the Legionary leadels groupedaround him, such as IonTIOTA,(tnginee.pheorghetCLIME, ecu

/CANTACUZINC4 and-otilirned-to siiE6 IlUet-By-that situation.They realized that the development of a political organisation clandes-tinely and illegally leads to the degeneration and deformation of thehuman character, which was just the opposite of what they sought toachieve. They realized that the clandestine and illegal existence ofthe Legion prevented the leaders from directing and supervising thepolitical and moral education of the members and jeopardized the

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political activity of the organization because of the preventive andrepressive measures taken against it by the constituted authorities ofthe state. That lesson determined CODRIANU ans: the group of leaderswho surrounded him to :Lake great and successful efforts to bring theLegionkWrVbvement ba' • in the"Nlitical life 4f theepuntry,ecily,pas a polit4sug,jlerty "E: th44P14NIng for the Country;'Rerty* Parti-dul TEEEF-Pintri-tiia) in 1937.

That line of political thought and activity permitted theLegionary movement to establish some contact with certain politicalpartiii That contact culminated in the npqitical .agreemteede intam." of 1937. betNeea..CODRGANU, on.behalf.qt tfie . 14Ni.Iuliu representing the National Peasant Party adeGil reon be of the Radical Peasant Party. The result of the poand-electoral agreement wat that the three signatory parties won theelectoral majority in the &manbei general parliamentary elections, heldii)epepr 1937, which def4m4aed the fall of the LiberalcabinetpcaZ.iddb r Gheorghe TATARESCU.

That experiepcuvas further and final proof to COMEANU aidto the group of Legion4Orliaders who surrounded him, that only tileputlic development, out in the open and not in the darkness of clandestineexistence, is the method proved by the practice of democracy whereby apolitical organization can be built on and supported by large masses ofthe population and, as such, is able to govern the general interests ofa state at a certain given historicimoment.

The foreign policy statement which CODREANU made in 1937, andby which be pledged the LegielarY.1•4701meRt.to SypportAhmsolisy ofNationak-sO0/4ist jbermau0Wore preliaiing-tEe.pogiical-climati7W1-.--making an agreement with Hitler's Germanye-is explained by Iiliu KANIU,

his moral authdrity and the knowledge of the realities ofpolitical life in Rumania, with the following words quoted from a letterwhich he addressed to HoratiliSLONAUCIU. on 30 August 19414:

"These statements of the leaders of your movement were infact in full agreement with the explicit statement made to me by thefounder of your movement, Corneliu CODREANU, on the occasion of our, onebefore the last interview, that his time with Germany were not theNational-Socialist principles but that they easued-from his opinion INAin the worii .war which would break out Germany would be victorious, and:that there should be a political group 'hied should serve as a shieldfor the Rumanian interests via-arvis the supposed victors."

3. The Period 1938 -7 1939. The New Legionary Guard.

The teachings learned from the political experiments madeuntil 1937 determined CODREANU and the group of leaders who surroundedhim to accept quietly the measures taken by King Carol II, during theSpring of 1938, which meant the establishment of the dictatorial regimein Rumania. That act was followed by the detention, in prisons andconcentration camps, of the most representative elements from among theLeaders of the Legionary Lovement. They were taken in custody aspolitical hostages.

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The parliamentary elections held in DecembeE494 underreally demoç ic Parliamen

.b,

principles had led toCAROL

aII

largedisbanded

LegionPrrikresentations

lic opinion was very favorable, at that time, to the Legion politicalrS.1which - i

current. Any repressive measure which would be taken by the dictatorialgovernment of the country aiming to destroy the Legionary Movement wouldbe considered by public opinion an illegal measure, hitting the Legionariesunjustly, if the Movement could not be accused of committing terroristactions which threatened the maintenance of public order or the existenceof the state. Those unjust blows which would be given to men who werestrongly supported by the kumanian public opinion, would have hit backas a boomerang the dictatorial regime of King CAROL II, and the regimewould have appeared to the same public opinion as arbitrary, totalitarian.and oligarchic.

CODRSANt and the group of Legionary leaders who were aroundhim, such as EngineerCh. CLIME, Ion BANEA, Alecu CAVTACUZIMO - (Sho werealso considered CODREANU's successors in case he should die) as. well asother important members of the Legionary Movement,. took the politicaldecision to submit to all illegal and unjust repressive measures whichthe dictatorial government of CAROL II took exclussively against theirMovement. They considered that attitude to be the only we, whereby theycould defend the moral and political position which they had gained inthe parliamentary elections, and the just way. Theyconsidered thatpolitical terrorism should be unconditionally avoided in public, politicallife, as their past experiences had proved that the consequences of suchterrorism were very serious for those who used it, who were placed outsidethe legal order of society. It was generally considered by those leadersthat it was only a matter of time, and patience, until the LegionaryMovement would get the power of the state and govern Rumania, although,for the time being, the Legion suffered at the hand of CAROL U.

i The last message which was sent by CODREAMU during the Summerof 19i8, from DOFTAWA prison, instructed all Legionaries to be quietthrosighout the country. The message repeated the word "quit" threi..........„40141tsuccessive times. That message was delivered to(Zwl ,NrifitiOIM(by thew-q 1physician of DOFTAMA prison. Dr. CCMSA was assistant professor of theMedical School of the CLUJ University. Dr. CCVSA transmitted the messageimmediately to BUCHAREST, to the command group organised by HorlgAINA ,

Y both Legionary Commandants.

0 ' The most important elsdents the leaders he LegionW.'Movement, who held in the Legion the ranks of LegionW-Commandants,Assistant Commandants and Legionary Instructors, were then imprisoned inMIERCUREA CIUC and VASLUI camps, as a result of the police activity whichhad been . started by the kinistry of the Interior in April 1938, or wereheld in military and civilian prisons as violators of t .poUbteal-.

ovenrepressive laws. Some of the founders of the Legion

ovemt whoheld the berienarg.rank of Commandants of the Glad Ti (Comandantiai Bunei Veggri) and other most important members of the movement were

imprisoned .a the RAkNICUL 5 where they were speciallyguarded and where they served prison terms. All of them sent fromprison mess es which were similar to that sent by CODREANU, urging the

ion so be-quiet-ir--the-whale--countary.

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whom he hadCI

s of

possibilities i'oyhij,ng out. SERA was followed to BUCHAREST by anumber of Legion from CARANSEBES

* organi4ed in the past, sUchosTraiVirgilfh0ApAgAa_ehom he useTU-Tfil .. .ovement who were still free o :were living clandestinelyin BUCHARIST. Norte SIKkeed Nicol:flopeASCU succeeded, from .beginning, 112 subordinateThe Legio andestine command tothefr

Ursluence, because all the real and responsible le s of the

ement were detained in prisons and camps. Thejtwo men drewup a plan 1or action against the dictatorial regime of g CAROL II,which was basedAg_the-methed-ot terrorisatehh they Imposedon the Legion whom they had succeeded -56 aseemb r their command.Their ignored the instructions sent by COMEANU and the otherLe eaders -from prison,. urging the Legionaries to be perfectlyequiet throughout the country. Their plan also ignored the well-hnoinfact that any disturbance whieh-IrmOki-km■caused by the Legionaries in-the-smeary would lead to the execution of the political hostages heldby the government in prisons and in camps.

lack of knowledge of the situatio gionSPUOtp had beenRorie SIKA and Nicolas busel,tbg good faithrand the

trained in a severe discipline and in total obedience 1WP instructions.which they received from the leaders of the movement. Furthermore, theyprofited from the advantages which are offered by clandestine activityto direct and subordinate without the possibility of being queitionedor Checked, and organized a Clandestine activity with meebers personallydevoted to them.

The application of the plan for terrorist activity wasstarted by SlkA in August 1938 with the assassination of GOLDBEAGEFt, aJew from ORADEA MARE, followed by an attack with explosives againstthe CLOJ gas plant, an attack with explosives against the Jewish Therein ARAD, the Oftemiting of a Jewish public building in ALBA IULIArtheattempt to assassinate STEFANESCU-GOANOA, the rector of the CLUJ Univer-sity, etc. Those terrorist acts could not shake the political stabilityof the dictatorial regime ot_XWICAROL II, bg%,21Efered tojggliett.,„:the long-awaited motive to -.Vthejiegionvementcountry•Le--leims as ono-which. threatenaTlegal order and the existence ofthe state, justifying thus the very severe repressive measures, taken bythe Linister of the Interior. The first consequence was the assassination,by the government, of Corneliu Zelea CODREANU, of the three NICADORES(Nicadori) and of the ten DECEMV1RES (Decemviri),.in Nove00:38,.as .a repressive measure of the government against the Legion ement.The second consequence was the discovery, by the gover ejjit of theclandestine command of the Horia SA siubversive Legion organization •and the fatal shooting oqrof4Vaeile CRISTESCU, a member of that

- 5.-From May to August 1938 there was organized in BUCHAR2ST a

Legion clandestine command group which co slated of Horia 81MA,.Ni1çF J gU, Vasille CRISTESCU and Z9QA. Although he wasa Legion omuandant, SMMA was almost unkiown 74r. _a history

. teacher at the CARANSERbitigluchool, his activity Had only •r / .....

1 . , .• '

ib411, provincial area, and hid been far from the publicity , -1.7. ..-■ , -75timr. political life of the Capital.amociated withanasewho-ware-casgaged

*tr. SIMA was driven from provincial 1,1A1ANSEPES to BUCHAREST by thete r i.v es taken by the kinfster of Interior, Armand CALIRESCU,

its large population, the capital offered better

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command. Simultaneously, a number of Legionigte;were murdered in theprison of the Prefecture of Police of the Capital (Prefecture PoiitieiCaPitalei), while others were burned alive at the CLNUSA Crematorium inBUCHAMT, and still others were murdered by the police authorities, ina repressive and counter-terroristic government drive against the .Legionary kovement. The third consequence RAS a police hunt for theremaining leaders of the SIMA subversive legionary organization. Findingit impossible to remain in Rumania because of the very strict measurestaken by the Piaster of the Interior, Armand CALINESCU, the leaders ofthe subversive organization who had not been apprehended by the policefled to GERMA,-beginning in January-39.. Those leaders e: Rorie

\

Ilili, W. PATRASCU, Trafan BORONARU, fair

itLORO_Djj_C_____EANU,. EseLIMOBES. CU and others. EA/lb r-as Alexandru POYOVICI, CopstanttinVAPANACE,

ta,A1:,

In 1939 Nazi Germany was preparing for World 7lar II. Thedismemberment of the CZECHOSLOVAKIAN state in the Spring of 1938 was thelast step of those preparations before Germany started its "Blits-Krieg"in the "Drang mach Osten". POLAND, which was Germany's next politicaland military objective, was bound to RUMANIA by a treaty of frienshipand mutual assistance, in case or war. The regime of King CAROL /Iwas categorically set, in its foreign policy, on the side of the Allies:England, The United States and France. Because of that, Rumaniafurnished the Allies with an open avenue toward Poland, whose independencethey had solemnly guaranteed. The Allies could use that. avenue tosupply Poland, in case she waa'attacked, with war materials or give herany other military aid, which, as far as Rumania, could be brought on .the NEDITERRANEAN - AEGEAN - 'ME STRAITS - BLACK SEA air and sea route,perfectly accessible to them because of their friendship with TURKELIn that international situation, Germany was greatly interested to shakethe political stability of the regime of CAROL II in order to weakenit or even to overthrow it, in which case they could replace it withanother regime which would be favorable and subordinated to Germany. Inthat event the Allies would face the impossibility of using Rumania as •an avenue or even a base. for Poland's assistance.

On their arrival in Germany, clandestinely, in the Spring of1939, srmA and PATRASCU contacted especially the German intelligenceervices. The contacted Admiral CANAR1S and Heinrich HlUNLBR through

EISS w)e„,headeLtbegettentione vo the fact that in 1945/19U, follcwing Germany's

surrender, SINA was aided by those German contacts, which he made in 1939,to contact the AMerican intelligence serviles.in Germany and Austria).Without considering for a second the tragedy Which the Legionaries hadexperienced by the assassination of CODREANU,only ten months before, as.a repressive measure and also as an example and as a warning from theregime of CAROL II, who was strongly supported abroad, SA returned'clandestinely from Germany to Rumania and organized personally anddirectly the assassination of Armand CALINESCU. He was well aware thata great number of Legionaries were held in prisons and camps as hostagesby CAROL's regime..

The first conaequence of SIYA and PATRASCU's relations withAdmiral CANARIS and with Heinrich HIMkLEE was, therefore, the assassinationof Armand CALINESCU, the most important man of CAAOL's regime, as

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CAL1NESCU was then holding the three key-positions in the government asPresident of the Council of kinisters, kinister of National Defense andMinister of the Interior. The Germans had, undoubtedly, calculatedvery well, the political effects of that assassination to fit into andaid them in their "Blitz-Krieg" which they started against Poland on 1September 1939, only several days before the assassination. CALINESCU'sdeath dealt a severe blow to Rumania at that time, the government beingconsiderably weakened, the political and military potentials beingstrongly shaken by the internal crisis which Isla felt all over thecountry. A second consequence was the assassination, by the government,of the founders and leaders of the Legionary Movement who had survivedthe first repressive measures and were detained in the MIERCUREA CIDCand VISLUI camps, of the old legionary leaders who were incarcerated inthe special prison at RAMBICUL SARA?, and of a great number of Legionariesthroughout the country, as a radical repressive measure against theLegionary Movement. A third consequence was the search, organized by .the police, after the members of the subversive Legionary organization,which led to the capture and execution of many. SIMA and his immediatefollowers returned clandestinely to their base in Germany, from whichthey had started. A fourth consequence was the plunging of the wholecountry into a most serious political crisis, exclussive beneficiariesof which were Geriany and the Soviet Union who, several months later,in 1940, dismembered the Rumanian state in favor of HUNGARY and BULGARIA,Germany's partners in World War I, and also in favor of the SovietUnion. Germany seized that opportunity to impose on Rumania also thecreation of the German Ethnic Group in Transylvania.

The foregoing facts point out clearly how in only two years,1938 and 1939, the old Legionary guard which had been brought up,educated and led on the right political path by its foundere and byits old leaders, was destroyed by SIM and PATRASCU. By their actionsthose two men caused the destruction of the best human elements of theold guard, and the birth of a new Legionary guard with a deformedcharacter and way of thinking as a result of the clandestine andsubversive exdstence and activities of its members. The new guardemployed exclusively the method of political terrorism which had beenabandoned by the old guard.

4. The Period 1940 - 1941.

As it was shown above, Nazi Germany who was preparing thewar against the USSR, needed in- Ruthenia' a'regime Which Would be-favorable to her political-economic interests and to her war plans.King CAROL II had a weakened political position in Rumania as a resultof the fall of Czechoslovakia and with it, of the Little Entente inMarch 1938, followed by the fall of roland in September 1939 and ofFrance in 1940, Rumania's principal allies. CAROL still desired tohold the power of the state in his own hands and was maneuvering inall possible directions in order to achieve that aim.

SIMA, on the other hand, had succeeded meanwhile to destroythe important leaders of the Legionary Movement - by conscious orunconscious acts - had successfully neutralized Or paralyzed the openopposition put up against him, in 1939 and in 19910, by .QpnsUatinFAPANICE and( Dr) CIOKOGARUilteEionary leaders who had also taken refuge

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in Germany in order to escape from the repressive measures taken inRumania, and had become "Commandant of the Legionary Lovement", a titlepreviously held by CODREANU. The international situation in the Springof 1940 permitted SIM to use profitably his political situation in

.Gsrmaoy to conceive and to start carrying out his plan for assuming thepower of state in amnia. SIMA's plan was based on the following -factors:

a. Nazi Germany had a very strong political position in1940. Through her ambassador in Bucharest, FABRICIUS, Germany exerted

great pressure on CAROL II to induce him to collaboratb with SIMA and •with the Legionary organization which SIMA had at that date.

c($1! • b. The Rumanian Secret ."%Mligence Service, directed by

14.114USEAji=1., with which 3I4 had established direct contact throughhis personal friends er Vasile TOVEANU and(Dr4 Augustin BIDEANU.

c. Whatever was left from the Legionary organization afterCAROL's repressive measures had been carried out.

During the Summer of 1940, SIM. and PATRASCU went againclandestinely from Germany to Rumania, where he relied for assistanceon FABRICIUS and on Rik' STEFANESCU, who had already prepared theatmosphere for his arrival. SIMA's next move was to "make an act ofpolitical submission" to CAR II, in exchange for which CAROL

the•01(

organized e NATION's PARTY arti • tinnii) as single governmentparty and appointed SIMA Minis er or1lI.eligion) and Dr. AugustinBIDEANU Linister for Public Inventory. The lack of political moralitywhich SlMA proved by his act of political submission to and his accordwith CAROL II, whom SIMA.considered his bitterest political enemy, wasconsidered in Rumania as a "symbol" of his character.

SINA took advantage of his new political position, whichpermitted him a great freedOm of movement, and of the general weaknessof the Rumanian state, which was subjected to dismemberment by Gernamy-and the USSR, following the R/BRENTROP - MOLOTOV agreement, and organizedthe coup of September 1940, after he had established direct contact andan agreement with General Ion ANTONESCU. The ensuing abdication ofKing CAROL II, the appointment of ANTONISCU as Leader (Conducator) ofthe State, the coming into poser of the Legionary regime as a dictatorship,the measures taken by SIM andb the handful of friends devoted to him,such as Nicolae PATRASCU, Ilicolas TQI=Ata Traian BOROBARU, AlexandraPOPOVICI, Father Vasile BOLDEANU, led to a grave political andeconomic crisis which was aggravated by the recent territorial losses:.BESSARABIA, Southern DOBROGER, Northern TRANSYLVANIA and BUKOVINA.

That situation caused an open conflict between IMA,COmmandant of the Legionary kovement, Nicolae PATRASCU, General Secretaryof the Lovement, and their circle of devoted friends, and:

a. General Ion IITIONESCU and the whole am of the countrywhich wa controlled by and devoted to the Leader of the State.

b. The few old founders and leaders of the Legionarykovement who had survived the massacres of 1938 and 1939 and who werepublicly protesting-against SIYA's alleged right to heae,, the Legionarykovelnent as its commanciant . They requested that he be replaced by a

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group selected from among the old Legionaries. That activity was startedby Ion elea D4EA1U, Qnrnaliu's father) Dr. ClOROGARU, ConstantinPAPANACE, Ion I • an8..a.hirs,*in the Fall of 1940. That activitywas aanife id publicly in IASI, on 8 Noyember 1940, bef re King MICHAEL,

offices of the General Seersand in BUCHAREST

the, in December 1940, when! f. Ion Zelea CODREANU

occupied e ement.

C. All the state institutions as well as the representativepersonalities in the political, economic and social life of the country.

d. The minorities living in. the country.

e. Even Nazi Germany and the German Ethnic Group which hadbeen organized in TRAUSYLVANIA under German pressure.

SIMA and PATRASCU then figured that they could get out ofthose difficulties by throwing wide open the gates of the Legion forall those who desired to join it, whom they could use for internalmaneuvers, which they did. Being faced by that situation, almost allthe old Legionaries assumed an attitude of reserve and ,cautious waiting,to which they were driven also by the teachings which they derived frautheir experience, during 1938 and 1939, which had been caused by SIKA.The Legionary organization was then invaded by a great number ofuncontrolled elements, ' by opportunists who saw their chance to join anorganization which was already in power, by men who had had nnthing todo with the old Legionary guard and who knew little or nothing of its •painful evolution. All those newcomers were immediately given the -name of SEPTEMBRISTS (Septaaviristi) by the old guardsmen, because theyJoined the Movement after the coup ofSeptember 1940.

In order to solve the. general conflict which they had causedand so that they might become the undisputed masters of the Rumanian .state SBC1 and PATRASCU, and their immediate and devoted followers,organized the Rebellion of January 1941 especially with the Septelbristmembers. The first consequence of that bloody act was the assassinationof a great number of men - primarily Jews - looting, destruction ofproperti, etc. The second consequence was the assassination of a largenumber of Legionaries, the arrest and the sentencing to prison terms ofa still greater number of Legionaries, who were accused of Seriouspolitical crimes. The third consequence was the flight, once again, toNazi Germany, of SlkA, PATRASCU, N. STOICAVESCU, Tralan BOROBARU, Yasile kircea DIMITRIU, Ilie SMULTEA, Hagen TEODORESCU. from their/Mirof ends devoted to the omammadant" 'although Germany simultaneouslysupported General ANTONESCO official]; and openly so that he mightrestore the political situation in Rumania. That immediate restorationwas necissary because Rumania figured as a base for the operations whichthe German General Staff had planned to carry out in the BALKANS andagainst the aorm UNION. But the same Nazi Germany, through MajorGEISSLER who headed their intelligence service in Rumania, helped SIMAand his group to cross the DANUBE into BULGARIA at GIURGIU, in February1941. SIMI and his group were provided by GRI5SLER with German armyuniforms and derman papers. GEISSLER also placed them under the protec-tion of Heinrich HIMMIER and Admiral CANARIS in order to defend them •Iron the wrath of Joachim RIBBENTROF and of Baron Manfred von KILLING,the new German Ambassador V° Bucharest. The fouth consequence was theclandestine flight to Germany, With improvised means, of many other

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SEPTEMBRIST Legionaries who were bound to SIMA by their actions andespecially by their common responsibility for the Rebellion ofJanuary 1941. They fled to Germany to escape the repression whichGeneral Ion ANTONESCU was conducting in Rumania against the legionaries.The fifth consequence was the clandestine flight to Germany of a fewmembers of the old Legionary guard who also wanted to avoid ANTONESCUIsrepressiv drive although they bad not part4cipated in the Reb 'lion,such MI GARKLATA, Mille COrnell.UPEORCUMCZ)Canbtan • ttl. hgIneerJzco4ae HORODNIC

r :ill), .1 in5r1re.-11 Vas 1V4-141*1101.%:' 111-1 • sixth consequence was Rumania's plthge ingartral crisis, from which Nazi Germany drew great profits. At thattime.Rumahia's weakness made it impossible for her to resist beingsubordinated completely to the German war plane and to the plans of. theGerman Ethnic Group - furnished by the Germans which aimed at thedomination, by that group, of the economic and political life, first inTRANSYLVANIA and then in the whole of Rumania. The last consequence ofthe rebellion was the split of the Legionary organization in two -groups:

a. A group of Legionaries who had taken refuge.dbroad andwhich numbered, several hundreds.

b. The group of Legionarlie who hnd remained in Romania,'Which included whatever had been left of the old Legionary guard, aswell as the fiw leaders who were still alive and free after therepressive drive of 1941.

The group of Legionaries who had fled to Germany vat placedby the Nazi authorities under special supervision, from 1941 to 1942,some of the members being placed under house arrest.. Horia SIMA andthe representative legionaries in that group were kept Jaen SS housenear FRANKFURT as ODER, not fir from BERLIN. The rest pf the groupwere given quarters in the barracks of the colony of the HEINEELaircraft factories at ROSTOK, near the BALTIC SEA, where they workedas laborers and workers.

SIkA had left in Rumania the following:

who should org those Legionaries who were still freea.' Al T,,

art:1:311-71/1andOPOVICI who was very devoted to SIMA

after the Rebellion of 1941 and the repressive drive of February 1941,and should use them in terrorist activities against, the regime of IonANTONESCU, thereby proving both to Germany and to the Rumanian Publicthat the regime did not have political stability andwas disliked bythe people. The organization should use the same terrorist practicesas had been used against CAB3L II two years before.

b. 13(2PDHANU;'also a devoted friend of SIVA,whose mission, to.try to make a rapprochement, onbehalf of the Legion, with General ANTONESCU. For that purpose SIMAwrote a personal totter to ANTONESCU, which was published in March 19141

cli:11117:nlan gapers, wtx

ro

ref Father,her BOLORANUd orgrizedGa group of:

conducted gerialt4CarfriFotl'ao e

ro . nai21/142416 '-', 'rho wasVice-President of the Council of kinisters and Yinister of ForeignAffairs.

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c• graf...421LCIDPOPZDIJ and his wife 4.11adalkOtOPOPISCU,Of Bucharest, both very devoted to SIMA,MTO-WirMtiirviiirtentr'elements between SBA, who was in Germany, and the clandestineorganization in Rumania.

SIMA used Wircea/DIUDZRIV,' who was a very devoted friendof his and who domicifirin-BEREM-to maintain SIM'e Clandestineliaison in Germany with the Legionaries concentrated in BERLIN andROSTOCK, as well as with the German intelligence services.

In Rumania, the activities of Alexandru POPOVICI led toterrorist acts along the lines indicated by SIMA, such as the demon-stration of 10 May 19141 on the ANEF stadium, in the presence of GeneralIon AGTONESCU and Baron von KILLINGLR. That serious act caused theimprisonment, of hundreds of young highschooLatudents from Bucharest.

14.)/APPMA5 then determined AZamandru POPOVICTi who was a goodfriend Of his and whose life he hrd -rhved in the Fill of 1939, to fleeabroad apd to pass the conrand of the clandestine Legionary organizationon to(Dr) losii_jfaXEL, a Legionary commandant of the old Legionaryguard. "Titfier/lasilt BOLDEANU I s attempts to establish a reconciliation.with General ANTONiSCU Faded in apolitical failure. BOLDEANU was

' arrested, together with_Engineer Lucian GRECEANC, in Hey 1941, wastried and sentenced to prison .. In the'FiII .W1941 BOLIZANU susceededto escape from prison and fled to ZAGREB, in the Jugoslavian BANAT,where he remained until 1943. In 1544 he travelled clandestinely toVIENNA, where he established contact with Rorie SIRA.

5. The Period 1942 - 23 August 194h.

In 1942 Nazi Germany was deeply engaged in her war ofconquest in USSR and needed desperately the Rumanian oil, food andlines of communibations, beeidea political stability in that strategicarea. In order to get all that, HITLER,1IBBENTROP and LILLINOER,either-directly or indirectly, used different degrees of ooercion onWOKE= by constantly threatening him that in case he would notyield to their excessive demanda they would replace his government withthe Legionaries who had taken refuge in Germany and who were headed

k. by Boris SIMA.•

In February 1943 the USSR succeeded by her DON, STALINGRAD,CAUCASIAN . and CRIMEAN victories to Change the tide of the war in herfavor. Despite 411 the German propaganda, an increasingly powerfulcurrent was being formed in Rumania that the only way to get rid ofthe German and Soviet influences on the country wes to withdraw fromthe war and rebuild Rumania's traditional alliances with the WesternAllies, the only powers consideadcapable to guarantee her independenceand sovereignty. That currectwas based on the conviction, formed muchearlier, that Germany could not win the war.

What did SINA do in that international situation

SW was well aware that his political position in Usrmanywas very weak and unstable, that he had become a mere pawn in theGerman game with ANTONiSCU whereby they were exerting pressure on theGeneral in order to obtain from him ever increasing political andespecially economic concessions in Rumania. In order to break away

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from that stalemate, SIMA travelled clandestinely to ITALi, in theSummer of 1543, using for that trip a false passport which ' had beenprepared by 111iresa purruu thAough his contacts in the German Intel-ligence_Rer484e,...1:SINA/s pOlitUil scheme 'in going to ITALI was basedon the assumption that the competition and the diversity of interestsbetween ITALY and GERMANY would induce MUSSOLINI to give SIMA politicalprotection and assistance. But his , scheme did not work out that way.On HITIER's personal intervention to MUSSOLINI, SIMA was sent back toGermany in several days.

The first result of SIMA's attempt to flee from Germany wasthe internment of absolutely all the Legionaries who were in Germany inconcentration camps. L small group headed by SIMA, and made up ofConstantin PAPANACB, Traian BOROBARU, and a few other representativeLegionaries, were interned in the SAXHAUSEN camp. The rest of theLegionaries, headed by Nicolee PATRASCU and Mircea DIMITRIO were internedin the BUCHENWALD camp.

The second result was that in those two camps the Legionariesspent their time until 24 August 1944, thinking over their past experien-ces, analyzing the events, which first led to bot discussions dis-agreements, accusations quarrels and internal struggle and finally totheir split into two distinct groups:

• a. One headed by Horia SMNA, Nioolae PATRASCU, TraianBOROBARU, Vasile BOLDEANU and Vircea DIMITRIU,

b. The other headed by Constantin PAPANACE, ilie GARNEATA,Mille LEFTBR, RORODNICEANU, and others.

The split was based on all the mistaken political actionsand the political terroristic actions for which Rorie SW was solelyresponsible and which bad had disastrous consequences, bad led to thedestruction of the Legionary Movement as a political organization, tothe placing of its members aoutside the laws of the &stanien state andto the pitiless and indiscriminate drives against the Legionaries sires1938, whether they had engaged in those activities or not. ...

Those Legionaries who had participated personally and directly'either in those political or in those terroristic activities, groupedthemselves around SIKA out of*personal interest and guided by thepreservation instinct. They were bound to 5IkA by their past full ofminor and major crimes and had to stick together in order to fighttogether against the consequence to which they were exposed. They were,in majority, SEPTEMBRISTS.

rhe majority of the members of the old Legionary guard brokeaway from'Horia SIMA and grouped around Ilie OARNEATA and Mille LEFTER,Legionary Commandants of the Glad Tidings and co-founders of the LegionaryMovement, Constantin PAPANACE and others, and started opposing theSlkA group openly.

Thus, the "New Legionary Guard", which, as shown above, wasorganized by SW after 1938, split in to groups:

a. A srr.all group of Legionaries who took refuge abroad,

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b. The large group of Le tionaries who remained L.which includes the mass of merbers of the old Legionary guar.:, a.no whicthad been organized until 1936.

As was shown already, the small group of Legionaries who hadtaken refuge abroad, split up, between 1942 and 1944, in the followingtwo groups:

a. Theuliail‘StsiletSIggioni led by SIMAand PATNASCU,

b.- The_ 14044Larj GZ:PRP.4.1.12g4-931.9e1.14.-ledPAPANACE, GARNEATA,

very small number of Legionaries chose to remain independentand they, therefore, do not belong to any of the groups. •

In the manner described above and in the midst of unforget--table international events, which led to the collapse of Nazi Germany,there started the historic process of dissolution and dish.joadment ofthe Legionary Iovement as a political organisation. The movementdisintegratei slowly, but. definitely, into groups which are stilllooking around for new,molitical orientations and which fight, atpresent, against each other.

In RUMANIA, during the same period (1942 - 23 August 1944),following SIMA's attempted flight.to ITALY, Marshal Ion ANTONESCU orderedmore severe repressive measures against the Legionaries. Re orderedthe Organization of "punishment battalions" with the Legionaries whowere detained in prisons along with the common prisoners. Thosebattalions formed the 24th Infantry operational Division which foughtin Russia. Other Legionaries who were free were also sent on theRussian front with special orders, regardless of their professions,ages, physical condition, some of them being even cripples who werenormally exempt from military service. That caused, again, the deathof several thousand Legionaries.

The serious repressive measures taken against the Legionariesby the ANTONEbCU regime, the miserable conditions prevailing among theLegionaries who were in Germany and who were finally interned inconcentration camps, the advance of the Soviet armies into the UKRA1N3and the possibility that they would enter Rumania, •created a difficultsituation for the Legionaries in Rumania. The ANTONESCU regime consi-dered them a mixture Of extremists, both fascists and communiste, theAllies considered them as being fascists, whereas the Soviet Union'Classed them as anti-Communists.

Under those conditions each Legionary felt that thatsituation constituted a blind alley in the course of his life, whichthreatened constantly the physical existenoe of all those who hadbelonged to the Movement. The crumbling of the Legionary Movementin Rumania, between 1942 and 1944, took primarily the corn of twogroups of Legionaries which represented two diametrically opposed poli-tical orientations and currents of opinion.

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In 1941, following the flight abroad of Alexandru POPCWICIand of Father Vasile .BOL ;U, there was formed a clandestine Legionary

gcommand made up of: (frog ATAMOI, Costache OAHE, Prof. George MANU,

6prof. PRCTOPOPESCU, Dr. sif COSTEA and Dr. Ovidiu CORSA. In orderto alleviate the condition of the Legionaries in Rumania, that commandworked, beginning in the Fall of 1941, for a political reconciliationwith Marshal ANTORLSCU, through the following contacts: Baron-vonMUNGER, German Ambassador to Bucharest,of. kite/ ANTONESCU, PresidentPtof the Council of Ministers ancr.PS1..ErnestCa.utillachy Director ofthe German Cultural Institute. 'The esults of that vit weregative.

In 1942 that clandestine command split up to groups:

a. Costache CANE, Prof. PROTOPUPESCU, Prof. George RANU, 6'11414-4.owing to their past connections with atkk, supported the German policy .and continued their efforts toward a political reconciliation withmarshal'ANTONESCU,.throughkihai ANTONESCU.

b. 4 avi_di4i„p‘, Director of the ena Institute of theLkw . 4cpool of the Bucharest Otiversity, ,e14Horatiu -CORAMICI03-1.--1mTyer. o. :ineeriiteNN:ftumtiF,Gionerat.Secretary of one. .sory.. 'a EconOT:(NPIL—LILO.

__ A1 tJ fo Sub-Di;a"t_tiir-Qgiemek_of.-tae-*ag.rui..FAreiMrsan:r1A_Al s•01C-former Ueneral..Eang.F.Am0L-tts-gt___LaYte-Ce(e I'tt .:4 , 2awy€1)....itsista_maktli..-JAkko)Commal; --A4=164141"1-Stalag-gUaW-4. _approstivede the National Peas ant

te'quested that they be accepted as members. They contactedTulin WAVIU,as well as other leaders of that political party, on thebasis of the relations established by Corneliu Z. CODREANU in 1937,and in agreement with the ctirect.jzes which COD4ANU left that„---"in case of his death the Legcno.444ZELriiiaa-Mtge 1942 that—legidliary eroUp supported the foreign po icythe Allied Powers (USA, Great Britaimand France), whom they consideredthe natural allies of Rumania/ CONZAione of the leaders of the group,had made his studies in the United-States, with a scholarship whichhe had been given by the Rockefeller Institute.

That group considered that the Legionary Movement had notbeen able to cope with the historic moment of 1940, wten internal andinternational events had entrusted it to govern Rumania, because of theexecution of the founders, of the leaders, and of the representativepersonalities ofthe old Legionary guard by the regime of CAROL II,which had left a body without a head. CAROL I s reason and formal, legaljustification for having done that was the political terrorism whichSIRA and PATRASCU had organized. The old Legionaries who were stillliving were all convinced that had CODREANU and the elite elements ofthe old Legionary guard lived, the history of Rumania would have beendifferent, because the maturity of thought, the political experiencesand the teachings which the old Legionary guard had acquired until 1938,would have prevented the grave errors which were generally made afterthat. date, both internally and externally. The disbandment of theLegionary iovement as a political organization, as a result of the eventswhich Look place between 1933 and 1941, created the vital problem orfinding s way in which the former Legionaries could join those whosepolicy was oriented toward the Western Democracies.

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In 1 943, in order to counteract the pressure exerted byGereany with the constant threat of replacing his government with theLegionaries who were interned in german camp , Varshal ANTONESCU approvedthe plan which was proposed b( Lit) t ' and

ak,I,OtEal. through Eugen ISTiS , Cef of the Special Valente-EiTvice (SeTviciul special de Informatii - MI). According to thatplan, aadu co-founder and Commandant of theOlad.Tidingp Ofthe. amen , was released from the BRASOV prison where hewas serving a term of 10 years as a Legionary political prisoner.IDEAI and NOVEANG induced the old co-founder of the Legionary Movement,

PfrAV4NESCU, who was teaching at the IASI University, to joinand form a command of the clandestine Legionary organi-

zation, with the knowledge and the approval of Marsha]. ANTONESCU, inorder to direct and control the Legionaries in Rumania and to cut themoff from the influence of. Rorie SBA and of the group which representedSIMI in Rumania, namely, Prof. George MANU, Prof. PROTOPOPESCU andCostache CANE. The MIRONOVICI-GAVANESCOL-BIDEANU-NOVEANG group becameclosely oonnected with Marshal ANTONESCU, Prof. Itihai ANTONESCU, withthe German Ethnic Group through Andreas SChNIDT, with AmbassadorEILLDiG&t, and was oriented towards Germany. Those relations permittedBIDEANU and NOVEANU also to build up great personal fortunes. Theyowned, all of a sudden, textile factories at CERNAUTI, farms, real

I. estate in E,UCHARFST, etc.

In 1944, till 23 August, both the RANU-PRGTOPOPESCU-OANE andthe MIRONOVIC1-GAVA1JCUL-SID6ANU-NOVEANU groups supported the policiesof Nazi Germany with the difference that the first group representedSIkA and the second supported Marshal ANTONESCU against SIMA. Thedevelopment of the military operations on all fronts showed increasingvictories of the Allies against Germany. That, in addition to theconstant weakening of the ANTONESCU regime determined the .greatmajority of the Legionaries to shun the influence of those two groupsand to draw nearer to the National Peasant Party of Iuliu MANDLFollowing the contact established in 1942, in e Spring of 1943 MANIU

4ALIJhad given a special authorization to(Dr) V sopyoN, GeneralSecretary of the National Peasant Parr/Prn taWahndestine contactwith the Dr. Ovidiu OCINSA - Dr. Ion COSTKA - horatiu CORANICIU group,with the special objective of preparing the withdrawal of Rumania from.the war. Iuliu MANIU had made it Clear that the participation of theLegionaries to that important action should constitute the factualproof that the Legionaries had been reeducated by the events throughwhich they had lived since 1938 and had given up the totalitarianprinciples; that they had adopted a new political outlook, towards the .Western Democracies and that, as such, they had fought for the detocraticfreedoms in the struggle for the liberation of the country and for itswithdrawal from the war. Iuliu WAND also showed that in the exchangeof cables which he had with the Allied Headquarters at CAIRO he askedfor the consent of the Allies, which was given him, that the formerLegionaries be employed in the activity aiming at the withdrawal ofRumania from the war.

6. The Period 23 August 1911 - 19h8.

The coup of 23 August 194h, the turning of the Rumanian Armyagainst Germany, the Armistice with the Allied powers, the preventive

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and repressive measures stipulated by the Armistice Gonvention againstthe Legionaries, their pUrge from all state institutions and privateenterprises, the creation of the screening commissions whicb workedin conjunction with the police headquarters for the internment of theLegionaries in concentration camps, etc., led to the complete collapseof the clandestine Legionary organisation as it had been out duringthe ANTONESCU regime. In that exceptionally serious situation, WAILMANIU addressed a letter to the former Legionaries, at the end ofAugust 19u4, which was published by the whole Rumanian press, (see AMEX 1)9That letter, as well as other documents written in longhand and signedby Iuliu kANIU and by Dr. Virgil SOLOUON are kept at present in thefiles Of the Secretariat of the National Peasant Party abroad, at 33,rue Lubeck, in PARIS, and are at the disposal of the Dr. Ion dOSTEA -horatiU COLANICIU - Dr. Silviu CRACIUNAS group. Those documents area certified guarantee by which NAND intended to defend the Legionariesagainst severe repressive measures, as he had been informed that suchmeasures were being prepared by the Soviet authorities and by the localCommunists against the Legionaries. MANIU 0 s real aim was to defend theformer Legionaries so that he might be able to use them as experiencedcoMbat elements in the fight against the Rumanian Communists. WWIwas well aware of the fact that the prolonged opposition in which thehational Peasant Party had been, during CAROL I s and ANTONESCU's regimes,had used up and had aged the political combat elements of hie party.He therefore saw the need to use the Legionaries as new elements whowould revive the coMbattivenees of his party. MANIU's act had thefollowing consequences;

9.1r#a. The majority of former Legionaries approached theNational Peasant Party and became members of thØt organization. Someof em were given important political posi4ot in it. Thus, LaserIphipVELAAND was appointed assistant of(

who w

VhIrWorkers group of the National anPaxtc Tha P t group had themost important activity against the Communists, in the working class.Because of that activity, Engineer . VETMEANU was arrested and sententedto 25 years of hard labor, which he serves in the AIM prison.

Some important members f the Permanent Dalega ion ofthe National Peasant Party, such as Ion IHALACHE tr. Nicolae NicoloeASSCU, opposed the admittance o ormerLee. toralf17- but the president,It....4.1..u$AN11.1, argued with great courage insupport of his decision to assIit-t em and to accept than im the party.

b. The disbandment of the groups of former Legionaries who,until 23 August 1944, had supported the German policy aid thestrengthening of the political position of the large group of formerLegionaries who had approached the National Peasant ?arty. In an attemptto avoid being arrested and to be permitted to hold their jobs, someformer Legionaries joined the Social Democratic Party headed byConstantin rite' ?MITSUI.

c. The unexpected consequence which had exceptionallyserious effects on the Legionaries in Rumania, occurred in Nazi Germany.On 24 August 1944, SW was released from the SAXHAUSEN camp and acceptedright away to form a kumanian national government. He was flownimmediately to H1TLEh's headquarters in Last PEt6oIA, where he receivedinstructions concerning his government and was directed to establish

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• 3ozam,that government in a Northern TRANSYLVANIAN city. ihile being flown toNorthern TRANSYLVANIA, •4companied by a German General who was hisliaison officer with the . Germans, S11.1 was stopped in BUDAPEST where thelocal German headquarters informed him that the German army was not ina position to defend Northern TRANSYLVANIA. That situation compelledSIkA to establish his government in VIENNA, where he immediatelyorganized: the radio broadcasts on the DONAU station a national army,groups of paratroopers who were trained in German training centres andwho were parachuted into Rumania from German planes under the commandof Nicolas FATKASCU, whom the named "commanding general" (comandentgeneral). Thus, in order to satisfy his craving for becoming Primekinister and for governing, SUA refused to consider and to acknowledgethe historic decision which had been taken in Rumania by the wholenation, from the King to the last peasant, and refused to consider, also,that by his action he was once more exposing to death all the Legionarieswho were in Rumania, many of whom were still in prisons and cams fromthe time of the ANTONESCU regime. Moreover, SIMA's activity in VIENNAharmed and weakened considerably the activity, in Rumania, of Dr. IonCOSTEA, Noratiu COMANICIU, Dr. Silviu CRACIUNAS, and others, for permit-ting the former Legionaries to join the National Peasant Party and tostart a new political life. At that time many Rumanian politicians gaveSlMA l s activity as an example that the Legionaries could not be trustedwhen they claimed that they could Change their polil.ical views, attitudesand methods of action. SIMA's activity in VIENNA complicated Rumania'sinternal difficulties and her international position and canned a newaeries of repressive measures to be taken against the Legionaries in thecountry, who once again filled the prisons and the, concentration camps.

%\k5-, The establishment of the government of Dr. Petru CIROZA on

6 March 191#6, by the direct intervention of VISHINSKY, determined theCOSTEA-COMANICIU-CRACIDNAS group, who had joined the National PeasantParty, to continue its activity against the Communist regime elnadeetinely,along with the other political parties. As spokesmen for a large numberof former Legionaries, the members of that group held the following viewsduring the period 1945 - 191,8 s

a. According to their individual convictione, the formerLegionaries should join the National Peasant Party or any other RwmAniandemocratic political party in order to start a new political life inthe world which would be organized after the war according to the principlesof the estern Democracies and of the Charter of the United Nations.

b. The war is inevitable as sole means of solving the generalconflict which was ever increasing between the Communist ald the Democraticworlds; implicitely, that war alone could bring about Rumania's liberationfrom the Communist regime.

c. The continuation of the fight against the Communist regimewas no longer possible in Rumania and it was necessary, therefore, thatrepresentative Rumanian political personalities from all political parties,and especially from the National Peasant Party take refuge, clandestinely,abroad.

d. In Rumania, the former Legionaries and generally all thedemocratic political fighters should be advised to do their best and

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preserve their physical being, especially by avoiding useless sacrifices,in order to be available at the time When the war would request opencombat against the Communist regime.

e. Rumania's allies are: the United States, Oreit Britainand France and consequently firm contacts should be established withthose Western Allied Powers, whose support should be secured for continuingthe fight against the Rumanian Communist regime from abroad.

As a factual proof for the fight which that group put up for'freedom and for democracy it should be enough to mention that the namesof COMANICIU, VETELEAVU, CRACIUNAS and those of other former Legionarieswere mentioned as defendants in the trials of General ALDEA, head ofthe National Resistance Wvement (Miscarea Nationale de Rezistenta), in1946, Ielin MANIC, ?resident of the NPP, In 1947 and BUJOIU-POP- MANUalso in 1947. Other trials which were held some in secret, otherswithout publicity, sentenced thousands of former Legionaries to prisonterms. Until 1948 over ten thousand former Legionaries were internedin concentration camps on the basis of the individual files which hadbeen prepared on them by the CAROL and ANTONESCU regimes, /C.& theCommunist regime found in the archives of the Winistry of the Interior.The great public demonstrations Which were organized by the NPP in theFall of 1944, in 1945 and during the general parliamentary elections heldin the Fall of 1946 had a large participation of former Legionaries Whohad joined the NPP according to the advice given and the preparationmade by the abovementioned group.

Following the MANIC trial and the monetary reform of 1947, •the COMANICIU-VETBLEANUCRACIUNAS group organized the escape abroad of .several representative personalities of the NPP for the purpose ofcontinuing the activity against the Rumanian Communist regime. GRACIUNASpersonally convinced and assisted to leave Rumania, on the route Whichhe had established, the following:

• (;11114t5.gligalaii6-former General Director of the StatisticsInstitute and close collaborator of Lain MANIU,

(Ebel Iiina414;(2Q1144,, a nephew of Iuliu MANIC and a member ofthe Central Exe utive ittee of. the NPP,

*-.Virgil 'IAREN0 Associate General Secretary of the NPP,

who holds a ta utay mf1date which was given him in Rumania, in 1946,by the Permanent Delegation of the party,

HoratitOLANICIU and other 20 NPP members who are presentlyin PAnIS.. rite pres nce at the above mentioned personalities in PARISpermited the organization of the Central Committee of the NP? abroad.

Germany's surrender in April 1945 was the closing chapterin the historic process of dissolution and disbandment of the LegionaryLovement as a political organization, a process which had startedimmediately after the hebellion of January 1941.

The Legionary group which 61.1...A headed in VIENNA and in GERMANYand the group which PATRASCU headeu in RUMANIA (which had been parachutedfor partizan warfare behind the Rumano-Soviet front) continued to remainin radio communication with each other. As the two groups were bound by

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the same terroristic past, by the same interests, SIMA elaborated a planof action the aim of which was to save the two groups from the sentenceand from the disaster which awaited them, as the SIKA group should bearrested, tried and sentenced by the Allied Powers for participation inthe war, on Germany's side, after the Rumanian Armistice, whereas thePATRASCU group should be arrested, tried and sentenced by the SovietUnion and by the Rumanian Communist regime for the partisan warfare inwhich they had engaged in the Fall of 1944 after they had been parachutedinto Rumania and they had taken over the secret dumps of war materialswhich the Germans had left during their retreat.

SIMA's salvation plan worked out as follows:

a. SIMA's awn group scattered, after Germany's surrender, andon SIkA ls instructions, aver FRANCE, SPAIN, ITALY, AUSTRIA and GERMANY.SIMA used his old contacts with the German intelligence Services andother military and civilian institutions, which were taken over by theAllied Occupation Powers in Western Germany, and established contactwith the American, British and French intelligence services as well aswith the military, police, administrative and political occupationauthorities. In that manner SIMA saved himself and his group from beingtried by the NUERENBERG Court where they had been scheduled to appearon the charges of war crimes and crises against humanity.

h. PATRASCU's group in Rumania maintained radio communications .with SIMA and was instructed by him to contact the Rumanian Secret

. Intelligence Service and try a similar salvation by contacting, throughthat service, the occupying power in Rumania, ie the boviet authorities.SIMA's radioed instructions were received in Rumania by a wirelessoperator named M:..1,1,21t mid9BB inORADAa Legionary f rem D, Runedoara county.,

beenwho had be paraeha Rumania with German wireless equipment asa member of PATRASCU's group. cording to those instructions FATRASCUestablished ntact with eohari GEORG , Minister of the Interior,

- through a „mu a.CU in e o 6 That contact extended soonalso to- 7 -.44:1,a CU an . Nistor , PATRASCU ls mostdevoted ass t, were arreste6, however, 1iiIY iT show, in Novemberor December 1946 and were held until February . 1946, in a villa locatedon Soseaua ATILTORILOR, in Bucharest. During .hat interval FATRASCU had'interviews with Teo_eri/OVROgiCU and with Ana PALMER, with Idemm heestablished the Yellowing agreement:

(1) Nicolae PATRASCU, as former General Secretary of theLegionary Movement, agreed to instruct the Legionaries in Rumania not•to join the historical parties.

(2) Nicolae PATRASCU agreed to instruct the Legionarieswho had , gone into hiding,to.report to the Police Inspectorates where theywould be issued identity documents (Buletine de Inscriere la BiroulPopulatiei).

It appears clearly that the Communists wanted toidentify the Legionaries who were living clandestinely.

(3) The government agreed to pardon FATRASCU, CRIOREANUand a number of SEFTEkBRIST Legionaries who had been sentenced to prisonfor infringements to the common law during the hebellion. Those prisonerswere released from the AIUD prison.

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That aereement which had SIYA l s approval could only havebeen made by rark:Jeu, who had been sentenced to death for his pastcrimes, and wanted to save his awn life. At that time, also, due to hislong Absence from the country, PATRASCU could not understand why formerLegionaries desired to join the NPP and other democratic parties. Thebeneficiaries of that agreement were a comparatively small nuMber ofLegionaries who were bound together by a common preservation instinct asthey were all guilty either of serious political errors,' or of infrac-tions to the common law, or both.

The Police Inspectorates and the Communist Party attractedmany Legionaried from the sIYA,PORASCU group and organized them intoPolice Brigades (Brigazi de Politie) which were also called Shock Teamsor Units (Schipe saw Lnitati de Soc), and used those brigades forarresting and torturing mem' anti-Oommunist, democratic fighters.PATELASCU himself consented to the Legionaries % joining the RumanianCommunist Party and claimed that in that manner they could save theirlives and be ready to fight the Communists when the mar would break out.

. The mass of Legionaries, however, viewed the agreement withdistrust, because of the general distrust of the Communists and thespecial distrust of PATILISCU himself, whom they considered responsiblefor Al past tragedies. They therefore did not Obey PATRASCU's circularas General Commandant of the Legionary kovement which was the implemen-tation of the agreement.

PATRASCU I s freedom and freedom of movement permitted him toorganize a clandest:the courier service with Horia SINA through...Wm..

fTEODONESCU, who brought "SILJOs instructions and directions concerning ageneral plan of political activity. In compliance with that plan,PATRASCU established contact with George NANU, Prof. PROTOPOPESCU andwith PROTOPOPESCU's wife, and divided his activity in the country intothe following three phases:

a. The maintenance of contact with the Rumanian Communist Partyand with the kinistry of the Interior by PATRASCU and Vice NEGULESCU

for consolidating the group's - position with the Communists.

b. The clandestine organization of the Legionaries by Dr.Nistor CHICREAND with the aim of'participating . in the reaie.anceactivities against the Communist regime as an immediate goal and with thelong range aim of obtaining political recognition for those activitiesand of reviving the Legionary kovement.

c. The organization of the clandestine . MANU - PROTOPO-PESCU - GeorOlADEILTUSCU group for a political acivity leading tothe reestablisbAnt of contacts with the democratic . historical partiesas a preparation toward the recognition of the Legionary kavement as apolitical organization within the framework of future internationaldevelopments.

All those three phases of activity were directly subordinatedto PATRASCU. Through Sugen TEODORLSGU, PATRISGU was himself subordinated,in turn, to horia BIN...

SECftla

"ions with political. personalities

end 'eith personalities •;

. . . - 21 -•:'. , .. . ..'...:,-•-- naltASCU. had ri :Series of :converse

.. .:•:::::.-.. . of the National idliera: • artY,. such as .'-. -,.' •• of the167,..suCh•-as 1onLHAL i e esulta Of 'those 'conversations ....'-'•:' .,,,.. • : , ,-were totally unSavorabU . RA.Sal, he decided to let the VgIU . group go .: .

. on and Prepare the rapprochement 'with. those . parties: , • ... -.-.',.';':•....". i. ., .. . .

. . .•. • . • .:Slia!a 'intention in mihniaing clandestinely the 1.egionaries . in • - .. :Ii.... • :?ithmiania, whO were well known or their aieserienOIS In clandestine activities • .:.•:. . .-.an :3: ..heir combativeness against COaritinism, was to polarize and to : • • : : : ...,...-7..• :'concentrate. around that Legionarf croup all the other .resistance giäugs..: "i• ' .. '?. .. ..• .. ,.

. in the country, which consisted cf •forter nilitary : pereonnel or of qt.embess. . ..;).-. of other .00litical parties iiis final aim wee to monotoolite, -directly or

. -. 'indirectly, the 'leadership of the resistance movement in 'ittivania,•• .and-the • ..• ..'':,;....• :••resistance activities. As tUnania co.nstituted, because or her geographical . --.•.' ''','

, and strategic location, a factor of the first order in the war plane of • • - .• -"••• both . the !;oviet Union and of the ites,tern 'Allies, as well as : • in the...plans''' . • • :,..

for political activity of the Rumanian kesittance Comittee abroad, SLIfit - ilhad. figured out that whoever . could central an direct the resistance • . .• movement in the country, aim the future partiaan warfare, would hold the ..

key position of the whole situation in Rumania during the period preceding .

. the war, .ciuring the war and afterthe cessation of hostilities.. He ,hid :- -. •'4also considered in his plans that the '.'estern Allies and the politiCal• •parties which were represented abroadwould have to take into account the

•. • force witiCh Slia.k represented, namely. his clandestine group in *mania,. -•-:his clandestine 'courier •service between itumanie and Allied occupation- , • .

- - area, the fact that the members of his grottp . who Were abroad had been •• -trained by tfte Germans, during the past.war, for sabotage work, for .

i.aracinitage,. for partizan warfare, etc. That line of thinking 4nd of .. • 1:1• ,..,.i :-;. action has led SIVA to consider, both in the recent past and at present, .-..the clandestine contacting of -Rumania and the resistance rxrrement in thecountry as 4 Monopoly of his, which he is determined to defend by all .

• the -means available to him. 311A and his Hroui3 "4.61, all those politidS1 :•:- . - • . '.`personalities from am.orig•the political ..emigres who are planing Or WhOM ... • .he suspects at intending to .contact Rumania,- either for discouraging 'them •.•.0.to carry out their plans or for compromising them via•a-vis the Western -.• • '',:::'

• Allies 'silo. are the essential supporting 'factors of any such action, . . • ,..-.:. si . ..4 'will be shOirn below. . ,

.

.. • .....•. .3ILA and FATRASCU overlooked. the following serious 'contradictions.

• . which...:.... _axle. ,ted. in their ,gen . of- action: ' .. • • .• - ",...,*:-•...':7f::.....,4wFes,k • •• 437..,,....--

'a. Trie letti'win/ Cf.. their gen .reSticrough . P. 4741397 :44r.' .,:.-.. • •:..., •_ .. ■il.ettolouip,co, or the %..a,i.:doiaitiatiri •.::•,:,:..'.....-,:.::. . • ,•,, •••,.,..-.:•:.:.,--r...:. • . ,',4-: :!•1 .......;•;,..:.. .... .. .

::..•:',:::'- '..: -',... . ...''-:• wing of the idaii4di4k0 00-4011040.6.:,. ..f...°0 '. "i6i3' • t*.ii°‘ '. .•. RIOREA40:.:lr.40:.'bBWJSI1B7.* 777

'.i:A...t.OriCal;Pa#•••• .P. Ae7,-)iistnr..:C..... -. '-.',.-

''':'4,...iehed direct: • .

li.. „-:,,, -- • ...,„,a2-.teds'on.'t . ..,.• : .:.: ,,---;.-..s.,. t:, z.. .. ,hed.,'es........ .:k.1_, --,'..ierOCOS

'

y;Iiickqe"- ---. . -';::' :..--' :. --i4nh''."-iireiabr.9°.,* . ',-fatelliO4CA1--...-' inet.''''4'..• !..:-.;.-::..L.:7twifiiF,.,:t.h.e,...t.`:;., ...0*.y.r.;xiriFP.4rl.wan'i'7:4e3-:oo..r:in#gl:itit'U :..104044i6:'*° • •

(loWerican, . h;:ilid .. th.. ,e. Comimbiist...regitie' in :Rumania; 'while the -P.ATRASM.group which was in . • • •.- -: •x•'• -':• •:..::)..;':.'..!•...--Itp*arii.e -bid • established direetCOnteet"with::tbe . .C.OirMiniiist regime,:'to. -- :. •• '-;'''......:..'.:...'!. .. '''• :.':

1-iiith-ithad.npinlYilicnvn t . favbrable attitude aril with which it had • ...:',' ',....,,j'ii ::. ..,..:1::::;:Oarteact.c.i:011aboAte. . , . ; ..,...,

:',..'::;:..'..:-.......:.=....,-.. .' ..• ,..,',.,,,,..,,-. — ...f.,1- -• •••••••••• '' The consequenC:e : of :.thoise..'contradictionsi,;aai that -neither :- the - : ''',-contrt44.5 -a*n ..„ . ,..,p',04:04:14#;,:.pOlitieal personalitiesdf.the4i6mocriti: •:. '....:.!'-''''.:..:, •••'• • ..,•::, ....:•-t„,,:•.,:, '- - -::•• • ..:,,..,,,::...:,:::,,, ::,., • , _ • • .---.,,,,:.:.;:7,•,•i:::,:t1:-..,:.,,, .• . • ..4;,t/

-22-

historical parties had any confidence in PATHASCU and his group, whichwas left without a real political foundation and was finally crushedby the contradictions of the plan of action which had been erroneouslyconceived and carried out. That group was annihilated as a result ofthe trial which was held in October-November 1948. Thus, once again aplan of SIVA and PATRASCU had a catastrophic end.

•That last political error which was made, in the country, by

SIVA and PATRASCU, the initiators of the political agreement with theCommunist regime, compromised and stigmatized than definitely vis -a-viethe mass of former Legionaries and the Rumanian people. That error ledto:

a. The arrest of over 12,000 former Legionaries, who wereeither imprisoned or interned in labor camps in 1946, as a preventive andrepressive measure taken by the Communist regine in Rumania as a resultof PATkASCU l s activities, although, his own group did not exceed 800members in the whole country.

b. The branding of all former Legionaries as it is verydifficult to differentiate between those who joined the Rumanian CommunistParty and those who fought against the Communist regime, which resultedin great suffering for all former Legionaries.

• C. A renewed confusion, caused by SW, concerning the formerLegionaries, so that the measures which will be taken by the Rumanianpeople after its liberation from the grip of the Communista,will hitunjustly those who have no guilt and no responsibility for those actions,along with those who are guilty and fully responsible for them.

d. The elimination by SIkA and PATRASCU themselves of thelast possibility which they still had in Rumania to put up an organisedfight against the Communist regime and thereby make up for past errorsand rehabilitate themselves with the Rumanian people for all the rollthey had done or caused. .

The mass of former Legionaries was reeducated by internal and •international events with which it had been closely associated and forwhich it had often bled, from 1938 till 1949, and is firmly orientedtoward the democratic parties and toward the Western Democracies. That

•Labs did not follow SIVA and his group headed by PA.TRASCUp will neverfollow than in the future, but just the contrary, considers aSAL natterof fact that those two men and their group will have to be tried andsentenced for their crimes.

The Rumanian people's attitude toward sue, PATRASCU and theirgroup is even more bitter. They cannot forgive them for their varyserious errors. for those people the names of thetwo . men are odious andthey are determined to see to it that SIMA and PATRASCU never again getthe chance to repeat, in the country, what they did from 1938 to 1948.

T. The Situation in 1949.

A. In Rumania.

The situation of the former Legionaries in Rumania is as

SECRET

follows:

a. A laro nunber of form .r Ledtonaries are in prisons andlabor camos. b.any of them are there since the ANTOK.SCU regime but therajority were arrested in 19Le on the basis of the individual files whichwere prepared on the Legionaries by we successive governmente from 1930on.

b. A large number of former Legionaries are hidden in theinderground and live clandestinely in :lities or have joined the resistancegroups which were organized in the mountains, where they are spirituallyand politically united with all the other Rumanians against their corn-tonenemy which is Communism.

B. Abroad.

Abroad, there are at present two opposing Legionary groups,identified as the Pe' ) Or andthk. /12:441; .u. The eras an wed fromthe ae • ' group celled the SBA group the "CU BARI"• (with money) group, or group which had money. If the two words arewritten together, the ensuing word "CUBANI" means Cubans in Rumanian.Thereupon, those called the CUBANS (the STUA group) called the others*(the FOR-LESIOAR group) the ).EXICANS.

(1) The FORLECIONAR or UEZICAN group, with headquarters inRE, Italy.

That group is headed by ConstantintAPANAGE, a LegionaryCommandant, Yille LEFTER, a Commandant 3r-tre-tai 11:11iiti;"IlietGARNEATA,a Commandant of the Glad Tidings, Viorel TRIP fqrm.:er PresiaesitfRumanian Students' Union, Stavri. and others,7iII-6f-them membersof the old Legionary guar . e cad **41U-AldhegpiJ.RAKE

Nil] ER's home, 26 a at Stediri If_ 2,

" ,BRIAAL, The majority o he members have nii0tited"flitifARGENTINA and into other South American countries. There are few members ofthat group in AUSTRIA, GERLANY tort FRANCE.

That group initially broke away from SINA's group during the'first refuge in Germany in 1939. The final separation between the twogroups occurred between 1942 and 1944 in the SAIHAUSEN and BUCHENWALDconcentration camps. Following the release of the Legionaries from thosetwo camps on 2h August 194h, that group refused to participate in SlMAlaNational Government in VIENNA. The leaders and members of the FOR-LEGIONARgroup earned their living in CERkANT by doing odd jobs or such jobs asstreetcar conductors but refused to yield to the German pressure exertedupon them and to SIMA l s attempts to determine them to participate in hisso-called government. After the surrender of Germany, the leaders andmembers of the FOR-LEGIONAR group fled clandestinely to FRANCE but mainlyto ITALY, from whence some emigrated to South American countries.

i.'rom the political viewpoint the FOR-LEGIONAR group holds

the following views: .

a. The actions and deeds of SIVA, :ATRASCU and their groupcaused the death of Corneliu Zelea CODREANU, of the group of leaders which

SECAET

3EG/in

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•surrounded him and of the majority of the leaders of the old LegionarY.,guard, for which SIMA and PATRASCU will have to account some day.

b. After the death of CODREANU and the annihilation ofhis group of leaders no legionary, including Boris SA, could holdthe position which AREANU had had as creator and founder of thatpolitical organization. Consequently, the Legionary Movement should beheaded by a Legionary Forum consisting of those co-founders, Legionarycommandants and leaders who were still alive and free. That LegionaryForum was organised by the FOR -LEGIONAR group and denied and rejectedthe alleged right of SIMA and of his devoted friends to head the LegionaryMovement.

c. The Legionary Movement was not and is not disbandedby "History". The internal and international events which occurred from1941 (the Rebellion) till 1945 (Germany's surrender) led only to thedismemberment of the orgauization. The Legionary Movement continues toexist, and has the right to exist on the basis of its past, from itscreation until 1938-1939, having the same right of existence as the otherpolitical parties both in Rumania and abroad, specifically as the FascistL ltoaiNUOVA party in ITALY, and the Independent Nazi Party in AUSTRIA.

d. The political principles and the ideology of theLegionary kovement are those established by C. Z. CODREANU and othertheoreticians of the old Legionary guard, which were published in books,pamphlets, magazines, newspapers.

e. The foreign policy of the movement is presently in linewith the Western Allied Powers: The United States, Great Britain, Franceand Italy.

Consequently, the FO1-LEGIO1AR group is engaged in an openactivity and has an openly expressed attitude against SIRA and his group, .attacks moderately the group of former Legionaries which joined the NPP,and seeks openly to establish Close contact with fascist elements andorganizations and with their newspapers in ITALY and in SOUTH AMERICA.The FOR-LEGIONAR group publish the netspeaMiltights....cp,...sttri.j.n,JMNEand .pu eahlish articles in the Fascist-I . The group contactedthe VATICAN from which they receive both Material and '*--support, through the Catholic Churches.

Having left Rumania in 1911,. the leaders of the FOR-LEGIONARhave broken off from realities in Rumania and cannot realize the greatchanges which have taken place during their long absence from the country,both in the thinking of the former Legionaries and of the people as a . whole.Furthermore, they do not seem to grasp the real meaning of the presentstruggle between the Western Democratic World and the Communist World, inWhich there is no room for middle-of-the-road attitudes and even less sofor the revival of Fascism in any form whatsoever.

In an attempt to prepare the way-for a future active politicalrole, and to obtain present political recognition both from the represen-tative aumanian political pers ,malities and from the Western Democr?cies,

the FOR-LEGIONAR group is presently engaged in an activity which aims to

sEcEtEr

- 25

organize abroad a SOCIAL7CER15TIAN ?arty which is intended to include theFOR-LEGIOKAR, members of other Rumanian political parties and those whoso far, have not belon 6d to any political party. For achieving that aimthe POR-LRGIONAR groupjitard a febrile activity in ACME early in 1949.They contactell' al

ETR122,LandUlbgEgija, a lawyer, in Orderto obtain a political cove or their members and for increasing theirpossibilities of political maneuver as both FETRESCU and VASILJU-CLUJ wereon very good terms with General RADESCU. During the Summer of 1949 theFORLIZIONAR group negotiated the creation of a new political party alsowith UggraukKa, who was sent to ROUE from PARIS, by t.t....44021agNE2ES,V, who s eneral RADESOU's closest collaborator in kiniS. In a].].• 711i negopiations the FOtt-LE3IONAR group made use of the services ofitCR piliewspaperman and editor of TARA. Although not a member of ifie

g °Lary koveeent in Rumania, GRIGORIU, who was one of the editorsofPamfil SEICERU's CUAEWTUL, is presently closely connected with the FOR-LEGIGEAR group.. In October 1949, Dr. Silviu CRACIUNAS was shown byhoratiu OMANICIU a letter which he had received from GRIGORIU who informedhim that following necctiations with Wircea EL1ADE and General PETRESCUit was decided to organize a SOCI6I-CHRIo2IAN Party, and that a cOmmitteehad been forced for that purpose. the committee consisted of; MirceaMIADE, Nicolae RKRESCO, Constantin PAPANACE, RAHOVEANU, General PaRESCU,GRIGORIU, and other unspecified persons. • ASILIU-CLUJ followed GeneralFETRESCU to PARIS, from ROME in October 1949, and continued there theactivity which had been starteo in ROME.

The efforts of the FOR-LBUONAR group to organics abroed a_SOCIAL-CHRISTIAN (socialTerestip),_political,party have so far been

'1Vigliceiiful because those who conceived thatscheme ignored a series -of opposing interests which prevail between the groups which were ampectedto support it. Thus,

a. The collaborators and the close friends of General RADESCUseek to attract to their side any political group in order to strengthenthe General's position and to back him up in his attempts to alter thepresent structure of the Rumanian National Committee and to force theconstitutional factor, i.e. the King, to change his attitude and hispolitical stand concerning the National Committee.

b. The FOR,-LEGIONAR group endeavors to camouflage the revivalof the Legionary Movement under the name of a new political party, butignores the fact that history has disbanded that movement and that boththe leading political democratic personalities among the Rumanian emigresand the Western Democracies are decidedly against any political groups orparties which aim to revive the Fascist past.

c. The political force and the influence of the FOR-LEGIONERgroup are rather weak Chiefly because of the political position of thegroup which is based on false elements and unreal principles which nolonger correspond to present trends.

(2) The NOKIA STLA or CUBAN (Cubani) Group.

Following GEBkANY's surrender and after he escaped beingtried by the NUEhENEERG Tribunal, !AMA conceived a plan of action andconcentrated all his efff)rts for obtaining political recognition for hisgroup as a new political party. To that and BIla carefully planned and

SECRET

26 -

.irdered tne scattering of the'eembers of his group .o FRANCE, SPAIN, ITALY,GENNANY, AUSTRIA, ENGLAND„ the UNITED STATES, ARGENTINA, BRAZIL, and toother South American countries. The leadership of the group is centeredin the hands of STRA, who was accepted as chief by all the members. SINAhimself has clandestine residences in FIANCE, GEMANY and SPAIN, andtravels frequently, clandestinely, over the frontiers of those threecountries being aided by the clandestine organizations which he orgenizedin those countries. Around SIMA are srouped his most devoted collabora,tors: Father Vasile BOLDEANU,. Traien BOROBARU, Prof. PROTOACPESCU, Georgel

kihail STURZA, Vasile IASINSCHI and bean, .ETROWICI.DEMETRESCU, Nircea D7341TRIU, Vasile NAILATiGeneral)PlatonACTiRNOAGA!

'-

FRANCE is considered the principal political location fordirecting the activity aiming at political recognition of the group.SINA therefore located in PARIS his most important collaborators whom heentrusted with the mission of following up, day by day, that politicalactivity. Following are their names and addresses:

ather)Vasil Paris, clandestine.doSpilkztro4J OPOFCU, Paris,. 3 rue karie.Niha TUR246 Paris, 2: rue Phalsbourg, ?nd floor.

eneraI PlatongHIRNOAGAi: Paris (Protopopescu ls address).'Oeorgel TTR . CU, Pariii, - 3 rue Rene Basin, 1st

êFTROVICI,. CI, Paris, 3 rue Saint Didier. .StsfanIEHENDI, Paris, (Demetrescu l s address).

In 1948 SIMA sent Vasile BOLDEANU to ENGLAND to uphold theactivity i political recumiti n. The conversations which OULDEANU hadwith V .4X.flLA- and with( Lalor IIIESCU bad negative results and BOLIELANUhad to‘giv up continuing ativity whicn he had planned and to return.to PARIS.

In 1949 SW sent the following to the United States to upholdthere the activity for political recognition of the group: .

411.14,9*),"

human,t1,41,6041P0 = Gtik), an old friend of George MANU. ROD( came ouof Xing kICHAEL's "abdication". Both he and hie wife\wereamong those who were in the King's entourage. RODOS went to the Uni dStates as a cancer specialist to attend there a congress of specialisin that disease.4-

Ai LTEANU, a very devoted friend of SIRA l s, changed his (1)Orthodox relfiroh for Roman Catholic faith, moved to ROVE on Silats

. orders, contacted the VATICAN through which he was granted the entry ileainto the UNITED STATES where he was sent by SIVA as leader of the groupwhich will work tbçre for obtaining political recognition.

Vir OPA, &lawyer a former Legionary Commandant and agreat suppo e left GEWINY for the UNITED STATES on 7 Nov. 49with a contract for Work somewhere in CALIFORNIA.

Other Legienaries from the SIKA group entered the UNITED STATESwith contracts for work, but in reality they were sent there by Sika..tocontact the Iinmanian emigres and the leaders of the Americans of Rumaniandescent nc3 make propaganda for the political.recofnition of the STRA group.

'.Father Vasile BUDEAIRJ himself filed . an .application for an

entry visa into the United States vith the US 1...rbassy in PAAIS,.but.wasrarused'the'visa.'

J. SEOc..13

- 271. -

Following are SILiA!s representatives in other countries:

. In SPAIN, .VasilemIASINSUI uh.ase mission ...is to lead ;the .-activit.y. for 004/444; political recognition,,beihriAPed:bir the gro.MR-Of SIEA's 1449nAries-in .RAMIDLabo are supooitedly YRANGO.._The.lsa4rofthe,Legiobar4s in S?AlN is .4=Idian;lbaLigatIAR whb alsodirects the RunaRIMFIangliaie brodAcasts from the PA4 . 'Astation*,...e. . - ,

In ITALY, AlexandruWOFOVICI, 10 via de Is.32bui, kOkE.

la ARGENTINA, ,P144.tealtl...1414 1e2J whose mission is to coordinatethe activity for obtaining. political recoenition in all South Americancountries.

LPC. In AUSTRIA, 1irceav1)ik1TRIU at SALZBURG and VaglielAILAT at

4n OLAER17i.tbe.activity is..directedaY...3IUA7pertenally, whois assisted wzgauagliskuuu? both having clandestine residences..

The tactics employed by SIkk from 151.5 in an attempt to obtainpolitical reco3LLtion for his group as a new political party are asfollows:

a. The scattering of the members of his group in differentSuropean and American countries either by clandestine travel or by legaltravel or immigration.

b. The securing of lucrative jobs by the majority of themembers of his group primarily for gaining their livelihood and next forfeeding with contributions the fund which SIMA needs for carrying onhis activity.

c. The establishment of contact with and the supply withagents of the American, British and French intelligence services. SZKA!saims in doing that are to assure the personal physical security and the

• freedom of movement of certain meters of his group in order that they.might travel freely in certain areas or in certain countries or through• certain countries; to organize clandestine contacts with Rumania; toestablish contact with important and influencial military, Paitical ordiplomatic Allied personalities which SIMA could use politically. In fact ..he used such contacts and conveyed t7' ARST, the president of thenewspaper trust, apolitical memorandum 1n fich SIMA Claimed that a war

'. .alone could not save the problems created by Communism unless a superior.'conception Of-life:after the pattern of the Legionary conception of life •in Rumania were opposed to the Communistic conception of life, by allEuropean countries.

Tile infiltration of .ths Alliei i;italLigiaca4egzioas-40-41bv membera_of . thlr■S411,grouP was directed by Traian BOROBARU, who lives.'peftlmtly-but clandestIrielY and who directs from behind thestage the activities of all those Legionary agents.

AUSTC1A was considered by SIYA, and still is, the base forcontacting the Allied intelligence services which attempted to extendtheir operation: into Rumania. By establishing those contacts Slla secured

s Ecvr .

SECRET

- 28 -

both funds and the monopoly of the operations into Rumania, which he coulduse very advantageously to further his political aims both in Rumania andabroad. He named IiirodalarRIU and Vasile RA/LAT as his representativesin AUSTRIA, to direct activities of the agents who had penetrated the •Allied intelligence' services operating in that country. Dumn,.s3 tine quarters are at PaulaAaria KILLER, 75 "Gnats Harrerstrasse,SALZBURG, while FAILAT lives'in LINZ. Their Legionary agents contact allthe Rumanian refuges, debrief them and write up reports which they sellfor varying sums of money to the Allied intelligence services. Specialinformation from Rumania, general information from abroad, mqr informationon the gumAni.an emigration are all sold to the American services inSALLBURG and LINZ, to the French services in INNSMICK and to the Britishservices in GRAZ. A large percentage of the sums which are obtained forthat information goes into SINA's activity fund.

Using AUSTRIA as a base for operations into Rumania and alsothe support and assistance from the Allied Intelligence cervices, theSIMA group organized the clandestine contacting of gumania where the grouprelied on the foothold which had been established by PATRASCU's group.One of the missions of the PATRASCU group was to gather intelligenceinformation for SILA. However, the annihilation of the FATRASCU groupin 190 was a severe blow to SIMA who, according to all probabilities,has not succeeded, up to the present, despite relentless efforts, toreorganize a clandestine group in Rumania, nor to establish regularcontact with such a group through couriers.

SIMA gave special authorization to kircea 1,11LITRIV and Vasilet.

JkAILAT to conduct any negotiatOns with the French intelligence services

! in EMBRUCK, throughAWDELIctbberning the establishment of clandestinecontact with Rumania With thepurpose of obtaining intelligence infor-mation. BLCVDEL heads the French services in IENSBRUCK. Contact with him

\s isis maintained directly by Iircea DIVITRIU, who uses for his travels a false.Austrian ausweis, and indirectly by NicolaefrARINESCU,, 15.Rechosweg,INNSBRUCK.

f ■'.‘

SIKA uses the scattering of the members of his group primarilyover Vestern Europe and secondarily over the Americas fors

a. Organising a network of points of support and clandestinehideouts in the homes of the members of his group.

b. Organizing a network of clandestine routes over thefrontiers of those countries for the travel of SA himself, of hiscouriers, of different members of his group for special assignments given.by-SIRA such as the action of October 19L9 in PARIS for taking over theRumanian Orthodox March; those routes are also employed for the transitof certain Rumanian emigres from GERMANY and AUSTRIA into FRANCE, fromwhom they snatch letters of thanks and recommendation, which they useis a proof of their national Rumanian activity.

c. Organizing the assistance and the emigratIon to othercontinents of the RnmAnian refugees through the so called!"AmmanianCommittees" ihich were elected in AUSMIA, GERUANY, ITALY, BRAZIL,RCThTI!A) etc. in an apparently democratic manner but which are managed.either directly or undercover by SIkA't.: devoted followers.

;':LrGRE'?

t, • '

33CRST

- 29 -

d. Organizing a special intelligence service for SIMApersonally. Every member of the SRA group is a permanent observer inthe area where he lives and uust gather any and all information fromRumania, important general information from abroad and all possible.information on 'the Rumanian refugees and their activities. All thatinformation is passed on to Lircea DIMITRIU and to Traian BOROBARU whocentralize them in a "general central file" which SIRA keeps in a securelocality which, so far, has not been identified.

SIBA l s pólitical activity- within the framework of the Rumanianemigration has had the following aspects:

a. The assistance which was given to certain aumanian emigresto travel clandestinely into FaARCE or to emigrate to other continents,as well as the organizing of the so-called "Rumanian Committeee for theassistance of the refugees, aimed to exercise a certain control over theaumanian emigration, to prove that the biMA group was active in Vt..-national interest ami thereby pave the way for the political recognitim,of the group aa'a political .party.

b. The staterente of devotion and loyalty which SD'in a memorandum of approXimately 36 pages, in the bummer of ;pt.King L:ICHAEL - the constitutional factor, recognized as such cy talRumanians - are not meant by any means. T)tose statements were made only

'after SIXA had used a threat against ' Indeed, in order to .force the King to adopt an attitude of goodwill toward the recognitionof the SW group as a political party, SA had established contact with• .

lii

through Vile BOLDEANII, Traian BOMBARD, General PlatonClilLi Illateriatj as

several other followers of his, and had signed the.51GMA.5INGEN Agreement on 24 January 1949.

c. Also during the early part of 1949, SIBA .made an agreement,in OBEROESTEBREICH, with the leaders of the German minority refugees fromRumania, who amount at present to approximately 100,000 Saxons andSwabians. According to that agreement, tliS two groups must collaborateand give each other reciprocal political support in the political activitiesin which they engage while they are abroad, in organizing the Clandestine •contacting of umania, and in their 'future activities in Rumania, afterits liberation from the Communist regime.

MITT...X I

uliu'k :.hfl I.; LOW-A4o the Legionaries,_(which was published in all the Rumanian papers on 30 August 194/1)

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Dear ar.omaniciu,-.---__

More than two years have passed since several authorised members ofthe staff of the Legionary Novement informed me that they were decided to -revise the bases of the external and internal policies of their organization.They admitted to me that they had been convinced by the experience withthe dictatorships which had ioverned the country from King Carol on, thatthe dictatorial and totalitarian regime does not agree with the nature ofthe gumanian people, nor with the social and economic structure of Rumania..They admitted to ne that they had been greatly mistaken about the collabora-.tion of Rumania with Germany which, evidently, pursues her own aims.

These statements of the leaders of your movement were, in fact, infull agreement with the explicit statement made to me by the founder ofyour movement, Corneliu COGREANU, on the occasion of our one before thelast interview, that his ties with Germany were not the National-Socialistprinciples, but that those ties had resulted from his opinion that in the

:world war which would break out Germany would be victorious, and that thereshould be a political group which should serve as a shield for the Rumanianinterests vis-a-vis the. supposed victors. Now it is clear, however, thatGermany will be defeated.

The dictatorship, the martial law and the censorship of the pressmade it impossible that those opinions of your leaders be publiclyexpressed and demonstrated and, consequently, you bad, to endure the heavyAmosphere which was created around you.

I am very gratified that you have seized the first moments Of theday of our Preedam - which has came owing to the high decision of N.M. theKing - to i part to the world your views and your decision to start anew era.

row so beautiful proclamation reveals your patriotic feelings andyour full u derstanding of the victorious democratic ideas and of theconception A' social justice, which is the earthly religion for the timesin which w, live.

7 or declaration proves, tn my great joy, that you are decided toparticipa e, in all sincerity, in the Constructive work to which the Kingand his Givernment have called the Nation.

•If you permit me to give you, together with my congratulations.for

your decision and for your beautiful manifestation a friendly advice, itis as follows: devoid, as it is, of its fundamental conception and of theprincipal directive of a . political ideology and of a foreign policy, yourmovement has no reason to be maintained in its cld forms. The unsuccessfulattempt of Norte Sima to tavern the country has created a political atmos-phere around your party which makes it impossible for it to spring intoactivity with the dash requested by the times.

For these reasons I believe that many valuable energies which aregrouped in your movement would do well to lob& for suitable places in

other political parties, accorriinE- to their consciences and to their

convictions.

'I have all the reasons to believe that the gates of the partieswhich have united in the Rational Democratic Block are open to all thosewho ars not guilty of crimes or dishonorable actions. I an sure that thepath which you have taken today will lead you to many spiritual satis-factions and will contribute to the eternal evolution of the auoaniAnpeople.

:lease receive and impart to your fri,nds my best greetings.

eucaAllEsT, 29 August 19i1L.

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