PPGIS FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMNT, Najnin, ISEGI

Participatory Geographic Information System (PGIS)

for Natural Resources Management & Planning

Presented by

Arfanara [email protected]

l.ptMSc in Geospatial

Technologies

MSc in Geospatial Technologies

Lets start……….

"As global population continues to grow, mankind must learn to balance consumption and conservation of the planet's scarce commodities. GIS technology brings a new perspective to the challenges faced by natural resource managers...“ Laura Lang


Presentation OverviewNatural ResourcesWhat is PGISStudy aim & objectivesKnowledge Discovery

Brief history of PPGISReflection of NRM&PWhy PGIS in NRM&P?Approaches of good PGISMethods of PGIS in NRMSome negative aspects of PGIS

Case studiesDocumentaries & initiativesCritical reasoning & conclusionReferences


Natural Resources

Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their relatively unmodified natural form (Source,

Wikipedia)

NRM is the management of land, water, soil, plants & animals, with a particular focus on sustainability

Like energy, conservation of natural resources is equally important

Spatial based Information is the base for natural resource management & planning (NRM&P)


What is PGIS

PGIS combines a range of geo-spatial management tools and methods such as sketch maps, participatory 3D Modelling, aerial photographs, satellite imagery, GPS & GIS

It represents people’s spatial knowledge in the form of virtual or physical, 2 or 3 dimensional maps used as interactive vehicles for spatial learning, discussion, information exchange, analysis decision making & advocacy

(Rambaldi et al., 2006)Giving Voice to the Unspoken……..


NRM & PGIS

Agriculture and food securityEndangered speciesForestry and wildfireClean waterReclaiming brown fieldsDisaster planning and recoveryDeforestation

Identifying resources at risk


Study Aim & Objectives

The aim of this study is to gain knowledge about the importance of GIS technology through people’s participation to ensure sustainable NRM & P

The specific objectives of this study are:Identify the importance of PGIS for natural resources managementReview knowhow about the PGIS tools & techniques for ensuring sustainable NRMIdentify the application of PGIS in the filed of NRM&P


Knowledge Discovery

Brief history of PPGIS or PGISReflection of NRM&PWhy PGIS in NRM&P?Approaches of good PGISMethods of PGIS in NRMSome negative aspects of PGIS


Brief history of PPGIS

Participatory map creation started at late 1980ssketch mapping using PRAUsing local knowledge to facilitate insider & outsiderLittle charting course of action to the local people

The status of mapping changed in the 90s due to flow of modern GI technologies

i.e. GIS, GPS, RS, Open sources (Internet) & web based GISAvailability of low cost and user friendly software & computer hardware

The new environment promote community involvement in GIT&S which is known as PGIS


Reflection of NRM&P

NRM&P by considering land as 3 different but inter-related perspectives (bind a society together, the societal values, the economy & ecology)Bridges the gap between them by which resources could be carefully utilised for the benefits of the present & the future generations

The Trintarian Approach to NRM

(Latu, 2009).


Why PGIS in NRM

Ensuring good governance & sustainable resources management

to enable development practitioners, government officials & local level people to work together to plan appropriate programs

Ensure community-based natural resource management (CBNRM)

structural knowledge distortion & community empowerment

Sustainable NRM &

Development

Good Governance

PGIS

3 x-cutting view of PPGIS

1 Public

(Grass root GIS)

3 GIS (new

technology GIS)

2 Participati

on (Collaborative process of

GIS)

Source: Tim Nyerges 2007


Approaches of good PGIS

ConceptualUnderstanding the local political context, culture, people & problemsDefining good practice (including communities’ empowerment)data models to address natural resources & ownership rights

PracticalNetworking to share experiences & to help practitioners

InstitutionalInstitutionalizing PGIS at various levels & in different contexts Influencing policy making

FinancialResources

TechnicalTraining & need for expertise

(Rambaldi and Weiner, 2004)


Methods of PPGIS in NRM

Ephemeral (temporary) mapsdrawing maps on the ground by using raw materials like soil, pebbles, sticks

Sketch Mappinglarge sheets of Kraft paper & marker pens or chalk

Scale MappingISK superimposed on a geo-coded & scaled map

PGIS spatial Analysislocal spatially referenced & non spatial data are integrated & analyzed

Participatory 3-Dimentioanal Mapping (P3DM)large-scale relief maps made of locally available materials (e.g. carton, paper, cork)

PhotomapsPhotomaps are printouts of geometrically corrected aerial photographs

Mobile devices (PDA-GPS)pinpoint positioning and instant visual data capture


Negative aspects of PGIS

According to Dr. Robert Chambers who elaborates on PGIS practice,

Need to learn many things that are wrong with respect to PRA and avoid thatTaking peoples time without any recompenseRaising people's expectation & endangering or disempowering themConflict within or between a group or community through PGISEthical commitment of the facilitators

Sources: http://www.iapad.org/chambers.htm

http://www.iapad.org/chambers.htm


Case studies1. Reducing the Risk of Disasters through

Participatory 3D Mapping, Philippine

2. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: spatial mitigation planning with GIS & public participation

3. Application of PGIS for Rural Community Development & Local Level Spatial Planning System in Sri Lanka

4. An analysis of the relationships between multiple values & physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification


Reducing the Risk of Disasters through P3DM

Steps of P3DM (as an Integrative tool for DRR)

Source: http://www.iapad.org/publications/ppgis/

http://www.pacificdisaster.net/pdnadmin/data/documents/6667.html


P3DM for DRR

Materials uses are push-pins (for point features, yarns (for linear features), acrylic paint (for areal features), glue, scissors, cutter, pencils, felt pens, masking tape, paintbrushes, carbon paper , wood and plywood for the table, corrugated cartons, etc.

building of a 2.74 m x 2.74 m 3-dimensional map covering the whole village of Macawayan with a land area of 333.33 ha.

Overlapping hazard-prone areas & vulnerable assets allows people to mitigate disaster risk in their immediate environment

Resulted in concerted actions including both bottom-up and top-down measures to enhance DRR


Assessment, Dialogue & Action

Easy-to-update disaster risk assessment in Dagupan, Philippines, in July 2009

Volcanologist, municipal planning

officer, school principal, village chief and locals discussing

DRR in Irosin, Philippines, Jan. 2010

DRR planning inMasantol, Philippines,

in August 2009


Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: Spatial Mitigation Planing with GIS

& public participation

Selected focus-groups for group

discussion

Spatial deep tubewell planning with PPGIS techniques


Participatory views on Map of spatial deep tube-well planning

Results after PGIS

Transforming participatory views of spatial deep tube-well planning into a GIS.

the focus-group participants considered different parameters for deep tubewell planningThey drew maps (participatory sketching) for the locations of deep tubewells with their buffer zones (300 m)Transforming the mental maps into a GIS shows a number of overlapping & unserved settlement areasone deep tubewell for each 350 people, generally who live within a buffer distance of 300 m were considered for the planning

Composite mental mapping and expert views of spatial deep tube-well planning


Application of PGIS for RCD & LLSP System in Sri Lanka

Pursuing social goals through PGIS

Employing a Participatory Approach in applying Geo-Information to Spatial Planning

Development of regional GII for the State, INGO, NGO, or any other development practitioners

This can be used as a village plan & the livelihood activities

Bottom-up planning process


Resource mapping

Village boundary, distribution of road network, housing units, water streams etc. are drawn by the community on the ground

Bottom-up planning process


Relationships between multiple values & physical landscapes using

PPGIS

To prepare the spatial data for analysis intersected the 8 PPGIS landscape values with the 6 NZLC landscape components

(landform, land cover, dominant land cover, water, water view & infrastructure)

& landscape classes.

Map of study area Otago and Southland region in New Zealand that includes the Otago and Southland regions. Mapped

landscape values (n ≈ 9000) appear in the study region as points.

Steps of PPGIS


Mapping Social Landscapes

In New Zealand the residents & visitors identified the locations of different landscape values (e.g., aesthetic, recreation, economic, ecological, social, historical, & wilderness values) in two regions on the South IslandThe landscape values mapped in the process are perceptual, but grounded in local knowledge & human experience. They analyzed the relationships between these perceived values & physical landscape features–where human geography meets physical geography.

From the empirical landscape value/feature relationships, they generated (extrapolated) social

landscape value maps for the entire country of New Zealand (Browna and

Brabynb, 2012)


Documentaries PPGIS/PGIS

2. Participatory 3D Modelling the Future in Boe Boe Community, Solomon Islands

http://www.iapad.org/video_good-practice.htm

1. Localisation, Participation and Communication: an Introduction to Good PGIS Practice

https://vimeo.com/groups/23214/videos/32145985

Source: www.iapad.org



https://vimeo.com/groups/23214/videos/32145985


Initiatives.....

The donor agencies need to understand PGIS & required not too much, fast & bigger scale

Understanding the importance of training & not trying to rush training

Training to the communities as well as the training facilitators

Embedding of a whole set of questionsWho gains & who loses

Whose model or map is it & who keeps it

Whose legend on the map

Who is empowered and who is disempowered

Regional Level Computer based Information System should be established in the local administrative office with GIS technology for project planning & monitoring(Source: Dr. Robert Chambers)


Critical reasoning & Conclusion

A PPGIS would meet ‘its claims’ as a tool for good practice only when it can meet accountability, legitimacy, ownership, equity & competencewe need integrated approaches as we are the world & it is not too late to do something for us allTo make people informed in decision making process public participatory GIS & techniques are suitable tools for sustainable resources managementIt helps to empowering the local community & awareness raising


References…B.A.U.I.KUMARA. 2008. Application of Participatory GIS for Rural Community Development and Local Level Spatial Planning System in Sri Lanka.

BROWNA, G. & BRABYNB, L. 2012. An analysis of the relationships between multiple values and physical landscapes at a regional scale using public participation GIS and landscape character classification. Landscape and Urban Planning.

CHAMBERS, D. R. Dr. Robert Chambers elaborates on Participatory GIS (PGIS) practice. Available from: http://www.iapad.org/chambers.htm [Accessed 15 th December 2012].

GAILLARD, J., CADAG, J. R. D., FELLIZAR-CAGAY, M., FRANCISCO, A. & GLIPO, A. 2011. Reducing the Risk of Disasters through Participatory 3-Dimensional Mapping in Irosin, Philippine. Philippines: Center for Disaster Preparedness, Philippines.

HASSAN, M. M. 2005. Arsenic poisoning in Bangladesh: Spatial Mitigation Planning with GIS and Public Participation. Health Policy, , 74, 247-260.

LANG, L. 2003. Managing Natural Resources with GIS. New York Street, Redlands, California: ESRI.

Rambaldi, G., & Weiner, D. (2004). Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Public Participation GIS, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.

RAMBALDI, G., MCCALL, M., KYEM, P. A. K. & WEINER, D. 2006. Participatory Spatial Information Management and Communication in Developing Countries Electronic Journal on Information System in Developing Countries (EJISDC), 25, 1-9.

https://vimeo.com/ctavideo/p3dm-ovalau

https://vimeo.com/ctavideo/p3dm-ovalau


Thank you all……

I want to be alive…..

PPGIS FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMNT, Najnin, ISEGI

Technology

Transcript of PPGIS FOR NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMNT, Najnin, ISEGI