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PPFM Presentation Karthikeyan
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Transcript of PPFM Presentation Karthikeyan
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Pink Pigmented Facultative
Methylotrophs (PPFMs)N. Karthikeyan
Scientist
IC!"N#IMM$
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Methylotrophs
Compounds used %or methylotrophicgro&th include'
Methane
Methanol
Formaldehyde
Formate
Methylamine
rimethylamine (multicaron ut &ithout
C"C)
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Methylotrophs
Obligate methylotrophscannot gro& on multicaron
compounds (include most methanotrophs)
Facultative methylotrophsalso gro& on multicaron
compounds (eg. Methylobacterium extorquens * PseudomonasM+
Restricted facultative methylotrophs gro& on C+ or C,
compounds (eg. Hyphomicrobium)
There is a huge number of dierent types of methylotroph. Very
few are typical bacteria that had been described previously.
Although their oidative metabolism is basically similar! there
are many dierent carbon assimilation pathways.
Most are "ram#negative. The few "ram positive methylotrophs
$%acillus sp& have dierent oidation en'ymes
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Methylotrophs
+-/ Sohngen. #acillus methanicus gro&ing on methane
+-/+ Peel and 0uayle. Pseudomonas M+ (cited only / papers) pink
%acultative methyltroph
+-/1 nthony and 2atman. 3escription o% Methanol dehydrogenase in
Pseudomonas M,4 (*M+)
+-/1 5irsch and Conti. Hyphomicrobium. stalked %acultative methylotroph
+-4 6hittenury (&ith 6ilkinson). + ne& methanotrophs (, ypes)
+-4+ !ions 7arly &ork on methane o8idation
+-4" 9gata: Sahm: 5a;eu: van 3initive &ork on methane o8idation
+-=, nthony ook. Cited aout +, methylotroph re%erences
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C+ caron assimilation
Methylotrophs assimilate C+caron
source via either riulose"
monophosphate path&ay or theserine path&ay
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Serine Path&ay
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Plant Proiotics
Proiotics are' ?@ivemicroorganisms &hich&hen administered inadeAuate amounts
con%er a health ene>ton the host.BIt should come as nosurprise that &ehumans arent the only
organisms that ene>t%rom relationships &iththe right kind o%acteria.
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Methyloacterium is a genus o% acteria (also
called PPFM acteria) that seems to e associateduiAuitously &ith plants.
hese acteria are %ound in relatively large
numers on all kinds o% plants and in seeds.Diven the amount o% plant iomass on 7arth:
they must e among the most aundant organisms
on the planet.I% you eat lunch today at the salad ar: you &ill
no dout consume some o% them. Do s&imming in
lake &ater or digging in your vegetale garden and
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Seeds cured o% their PPFMs no longer germinate
&ell or develop normally: ut reinoculatingthe cured seeds &ith a population o% the
acteria restores germination and gro&th.
he surprising conclusion to this story is thatsometimes poorly stored or aged seeds %ail to
germinate ecause their acteria have died:
not ecause they are themselves dead. his
discovery led to another patent application E
and a second a&ard.
(Pro%. Mark 5olland: Salisury
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Methylobacterium
Memers o% the Methylobacterium genus areclassifed as"proteoacteria and include + reported species(http'GG&&&.acterio.netGmethyloacterium.html)
his genus is composed o% Dram"negative acteriathat are generally &ith pink pigmentation due tocarotenoid synthesis rod shaped: strictly aeroic
and ale to gro& using compounds containing onlyone caron (C+): such as methanol andmethylamine.
hus: these acteria are denoted ?pink"pigmented%acultative methylotrophsB (PPFMs).
http://www.bacterio.net/methylobacterium.htmlhttp://www.bacterio.net/methylobacterium.html -
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Methylobacteriumhe main characteristic o% this group is the aility to
o8idi;e methanol using the methanol dehydrogenase
en;yme (M35)
he mxaF gene encodes the large subunit o this
en;yme: &hich is key in methylotrophic metaolism and
is used to study that group o% acteria
Memers o% the Methylobacterium genus occupy
diHerent haitats due to their great phenotypic plasticity:
including soil: &ater: lea% sur%aces: nodules: grains: and
air
hey can also e opportunistic pathogens in human
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Methylobacterium
Dro&ing in meristematic tissue: they can reach
populations o% +1to +/colony"%orming units (CF$) per
gram o% plant tissue
In addition: they can %orm io>lms and use
methylotrophic metaolism as an adaptive advantage
during plant host coloni;ation
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Methylobacterium
he association et&een Methylobacterium spp. and hostplants varies %rom strong or symiotic to &eak or epiphytic
and to intermediate or endophytic
3uring interactions &ith plants: M. nodulans and M.
Radiotolerans have een reported to e involved in nitrogen
>8ation and nodule %ormation:
&hile other Methylobacterium species may e related to
phytohormone production or interacting &ith plantpathogens : promoting plant gro&th and inducing higher
photosynthetic activity
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(ourado et al
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(ourado et al)*+,
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y osp ere
he aerial parts o% living plants including leaves: stems:uds: o&ers and %ruit provide a haitat %or microes
called as Phyllospherehe term phyllosphere coined y !uinen (+-/+)
-hyllosphere
Caulosphere(stems) Phylloplane
(@eaves)nthosphere (Flo&ers)
Caprosphere(Fruits)
-h ll h
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-hyllosphere
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Under the microscope, aerial plant leaves resemble
eerie landscapes, with deep gorges, tall peaks and
gaping pits that riddle the waxy surface. Add to this
scenery a climate that features temperature highs of 5
!" #$%% !&' or more, exposure to harmful ultraviolet
rays, erratic periods of drought and limited access to
nutrients, and one gets the picture that this is a hostile
environment. (till, many bacteria, fungi, yeast andother microor anisms dwell in reat abundance in this
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Ma
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PPFM" Plant Interactions
ow ppfm gets methanol from plant leaves
+.3emethylation o% the cell &all pectin y pectin
methylesterase
,.Intermediate reactions in tetrahydro%olate path&ay
.Pectin methyltrans%erases
1.3egradation o% lignin in secondary cell &alls.
.lso produced during the gro&th o% cells and the
%ormation o% intercellular space
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PPFM" Plant Interactionsow ppfm improves growth of plants
+.#y the production o%
+. u8ins
,. Cytokinins
. Litamin #+,1. 78opolysaccharides
. osmoprotectants
,.Phosphate soluilisation
.Siderophore production
1.Nitrogen >8ation
.CC deaminase activity
/.Inhiition o% plant pathogens
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PPFM" Plant Interactions
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PPFM" Plant Interactions
Nitrogen >8ation in legumesMethylobacterium nodulans E nodulates several legumes includingCrotalaria podocarpa
Phosphate soluilisationMethylobacterium oryae! sho"n to ha#e all enymes li$e
phosphatase% phytase% Phosphonatase
&iderophore productionre lo& molecular mass compounds &ith a high anity %or iron thatare produced y acteria to soluili;e iron to promote ecient itsecient uptake
Methylobacterium extorquens and M.populi sho&n to have genes %orthe production o% siderophores
CC deaminase activityM. 'ryae sho&ed acc deaminase activity
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/ects of the --FM bacteria on soybean germinationeating dry seeds before germination lowers their
--FM population
0yto1inin
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0yto1ininproduction
/ t f --FM l
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/ect of --FM on malesterility of plants
uccess
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uccessstory
,+,
uccess
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uccessstory
Beneficial effect on plant
Fasten seed germination and seedling growthAccelerate vegetative growthIncrease leaf area index and chlorophyll contentEarliness in flowering, fruit set and maturationImproves fruit quality, color and seed weight
Yield increase y !"# $itigate drought
Method of Application
%eed treatment Imie seed in !&" # volume for '(!"min )depending on seed*Foliar %pray of !# ++F$%pray during morning or eveningecommended for all crops%pray at critical stage of crop growth )or* -"days interval+recaution . /o not mix with pesticide 0 fungicide
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Drought Mitigation Program in Rice Delta Regionof TamilNadu
PPFM 1000ml / acreFoliar application
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hank you