PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA
Transcript of PPB Assessment Philippine PGRFA
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Review of FFSFor on-farm conservation and sustainable use ofplant genetic resources for food and agriculture
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An Introduction to SEARICE 32 year old regional non-government organization
Established as part of anti-dictatorship movement
in Southeast Asia in the late 70s
Worked on issues such as civil liberties, humanrights, worked with farmers, fisher folk,indigenous people in SEA
1989: focused on community based conservationand sustainable use of plant genetic resources forfood and agriculture (seeds)
With practical/field work and policy, advocacycampaigning work from local to international level
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Where SEARICE worksWhere SEARICE worksBHUTAN29 geogs of 206 total geog(8%) in 8 provinces
LAO PDR 36 villages in 4 provinces
PHILIPPINES72 communities in 6provinces (North Cotabato,
Bohol, Sultan Kudarat,Bukidnon, Negros Oriental,Misamis Oriental)
THAILAND26 villages in 2 provinces
VIETNAM335 communities in 13provinces of Mekong Delta222 communities in 13provinces in North and CentralVN in 26 provinces of total 76
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Farmer Partners
Farmer organizations -established thru SEARICEfield work with institutionalpartners e.g.13 farmer networks in
Nan, Thailand + 181individual farmers
e.g. 325 seed clubs inMekong Delta
57 BUCAP clubs in North ¢ral Vietnam
Womens group in Bhutan
Local farmers union, youthunion & womens union inVietnam
Farmer cooperatives inVietnam
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Institutional Partners
Genebanks e.g. National Biodiversity Centre,Bhutan
Research & Plant Breeding Institutions e.g. all ofthe four Renewable and Natural ResourcesResearch Centres of Bhutan (RNRRC), NARC, LaoPDR, MDI in Cantho University, Vietnam
Academe - e.g. Champassak Agriculture College,CVSCAFT, monk schools, primary to tertiaryschools
Extension agencies under the Department ofAgriculture of Lao PDR & Bhutan
Plant Protection Department of VietnamSeed Centres & Varietal Testing Centres Vietnam
NGOs e.g. Oxfam Solidarity Belgium in Lao PDR,AKKAP, Bohol Network for Farmers Rights
Local government units e.g. District Agriculture
Offices in Bhutan, Provincial Agriculture &Forestry Offices in Lao PDR, Peoples Committeein Vietnam, DARD, Vietnam
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Marke
t
Subsistence
Commercial
Ecosystem/ProductionSystem
Vietnam
(Mekong Delta,Hanoi, QuangNam)
Bhutan (Paro,Thimpu)
Laos
(Vientianne)Bohol
Sultan KudaratBukidnon
Vietnam (BacKanh)Bhutan
Thailand (Nan))
Marginal
Favourable
Agro-ecological and EconomicAgro-ecological and Economic
Context of SEARICE Field WorkContext of SEARICE Field Work
Vietnam (Hue)
Laos (Luang
Prabang)
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Ministry ofAgriculture and
Forestry
Department ofAgriculture
BUCAP-Lao
Provincial
Agriculture& Forestry
AgricultureResearch
Centre
Agricultural Colleges
Savanakhet
VientianeProvince
LuangPrabang
Champassak
PlantProtectionCentre
OxfamB
SEARICE
NAFRI
Institutional Formation: Multi-stakeholder set-up in Lao PDR
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Why Plant Genetic
Resources for Foodand Agriculture?
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Importance of plant geneticresources
Component of SA 24% of Philippine population
depend on rice for livelihood 20% of Filipinos depend on corn
for food (1996)
Inheritance from previousgeneration and from othercultures chili - South America potato - from the Andes lemon - only citrus that came out
of Asia from Jamaica guava - Latin America coffee Africa (Ethiopia) Bitungol native of India and
Madagascar, reached thePhilippines via Singapore in 1915
Anonas from South America
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Importance of plantgenetic resources
Source of food, fuel, medicine, shelter, clothes
Represent potentially valuable but as yetunknown resources
Alupag (Litchi chinensis philippinensis)-adapted to warm climate
Tabu (Willughbeia
edulis)_
- vine in Palawan (fruits
like mangosteen in taste)
Alingaro (Elaeagnus
philippinensis)
- fruits for jelly, jam,
preserves
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Bago (Gnetum gnemon)
Nut eaten boiled, roasted ormade into chips,young shootsas vegetables
Binucao (Garcinia binucao)or batuan
Medinilla magniflora
- Expensive ornamentalin EuropeTongkat Ali (Palawan)
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Natural Colored Potato Chips of the Andes
Colored Sweet Potato chips in the Philippines?
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Only in the Philippines
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Importance of PGRFA
North America, Europe and Australia is93% dependent on 20 major food crop
which came from the developingcountries
Value of third world crop genes for USfarmers per annum (1998) Sorghum: $12 MWheat: $500 MCorn: $1.3 TRice: $118 M
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What are the
issues/concerns on PlantGenetic Resources for
Food and Agriculture?
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Biological Issue
Rapid loss ofplant genetic
resources(crop conversion, landconversion, foodpreferences, new trends(e.g. biodiesel),deforestation, mining,programs and policies,changing agriculturalpractices (e.g. 3500 ricevarieties to 80% traced tosingle cytoplasm CINA)
RESPONSE toPGR loss:putup genebanks
BUT: manycollectionshave not beenused fully inlocal breedingprograms
WHY? Plant
breeders tend touse favoredexisting cultivarsto generate newones because theyneed to have
results soon (formarket demands,
PREFERENCE: adaptationthrough selection ratherthan generate new
variability ormaintenance of
loss inutilizing richgeneticresources(diverseseeds)
narrowergenetic baseslower gain
in plantbreedingincreased
risk of cropvulnerability
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SomeBiological Concern
Increased incidence of pestresistance and resurgence ofdiseases due to crop and geneticuniformity1970: only around 50 known crop
pests1999: more than 500 known pests
Deteriorating state of agro-
ecosystem due to intensive useand massive use of chemicalinputs
Deterioration of water qualitywith increasing level of pesticide
toxicity
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Politics of plant
genetic resources
Intellectual
Property Rights
Corporate
agriculture
Market
integration
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Source: ETC Group, 2008
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Socio-economic Issues
DisempoweredFarming CommunitiesAgricultural
tenancy
TRENDS: SEED TECHNOLOGY
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Traditional
Seeds
HYVs Hybrid
Seeds
GMOs GURTS
(terminator)
Seed savingcan be saved
and re-planted
Can be saved
and re-planted
Can be saved
and re-planted
but quality
deteriorates
Encourage use
of fresh seeds
every season
Coupled with
hybrid
technology
Preference for
use of fresh
seeds every
season
No seed
saving (sterile
seeds)
Developer Farmers Publicresearch
institution
Public
research
institution
Corporations
Corporations
Public
research
institution
(testing)
Corporations
FarmersAccess
Farmer tofarmer Extensionagents/govt
program
Seed industry/Corporations
through
research and
extension
system
Seed industry/corporations
through
research and
extension
system
TRENDS: SEED TECHNOLOGY
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Traditional
Seeds
HYVs Hybrid
Seeds
GMOs GURTS
(terminator)
Breeding
process
Natural selection
Off-typeselection
composites
heterogenous
With
hybridization +
dwarfing gene
Different
techniques
Homogenous
population
Large scale
hybridization
No further
selection from
F1
homogenous
Gene
technology
(geneticengineering)
homogenous
gene
technology
Adaptation Site specific For wideadaptation in
prime areas
For wide
adaptation for
prime areas but
with site
specific
responses
Wide
adaptation
wide adaptation
Role of
women
Seed keeper Seed keeper ? ? ?
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Farmerssupply bulk ofseeds
Supplies 80-
90% of seedrequirement
informal seed
system byfarmers
Photo: CBDC-Nan
Remains
untapped, not
priority area
Act al partition of rice seed s ppl in Vietnam
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Actual partition of rice seed supply in Vietnam
Formal sector
Seed Centers and
State-owned
Enterprises
Informal sector
Farm-saved seed
Local Tradingand Exchange
Private companies
The total seedrequirement
From Presentation ofMichael Turner,
armers conserve seeds in their own
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armers conserve seeds in their own
ousehold
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Farmers as
seed keepersOf good seed quality
(comparable to registeredseeds)
E.g. Lao PDR government sourcesfrom farmers
Brasil local and national governmentpurchase seeds from farmers fordistribution
Study in Bohol Philippinescomparing seed purity and seedquality of certified seeds, registeredseeds and farmers seeds of thesame varietyComparable quality as certified seeds
Photo: Consumer International
Farmers as keepers of diverse seeds
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Farmers as keepers of diverse seeds
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Farmers as Keepersof Diverse Seeds
Indigenous communities inPhilippines have minimum 72
crops per area
Sri Lankan farms 12 rootcrops+ vegetables
Photo: Pumpkins of SriLankan farmer
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Ferns Taro Leeks
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Balanced Nutrition from a World Heritage Site: Banaue Rice Terraces, Ifugao,
Philippines
Snails
Watercress Sweet potato
Vegetables
Rice
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Farmers as keepers of
agricultural knowledge
systems
of value to future research on crop
and agricultural improvementof value in creating agricultural
systems that can adapt to climate
changes
Quinoa
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Pholo: USC Canada
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Photo: USC Canada
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Photo: USC Can
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Photo: USC Canada
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Photo: USC Canada
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