Materials for Developing Writing Skills

Group 4

OUTLINE The role of writing materials Selecting writing materials Textbook as writing materials Internet and writing materials Creating writing materials

OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

ModelPresent examples demonstrate variations.Increase students knowledge and awareness.

OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

ModelEffective modelOUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Language ScaffoldingProvide opportunities discussion, guided writing, analysis and manipulation of salient structures and vocabulary.Develop an understanding of grammar produce accurate sentences and cohesive texts

OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Language Scaffolding

Effective tools OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

ReferenceConcern knowledge rather than practice.Support the learners understanding.Most useful: self-study vs little class context.

OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Stimulus Involve learners in thinking about and using language by Provoking ideasEncouraging connectionsDeveloping topics

OUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Stimulus

Effective StimulusOUTLINEThe role of writing materialsModelLanguage scaffoldingReference Stimulus

ii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

OUTLINE

i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Proficiency of the learners

Writing materials need to be at an appropriate level

OUTLINE

i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Proficiency of the learners

Nature of learning writing

Writing materials should prepare students for the texts they need to write in target situations.

OUTLINE

i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Proficiency of the learners

Nature of learning writing

Authenticity of materials

- Used as models of target texts.- However, teachers are not tyrannized by the authenticity imperative when selecting materials.

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

Proficiency of the learners Nature of learning writing Authenticity of materials

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

ShortcomingsLack of specificity of students background nor target needs.Fail to reflect the ways writers actually use language to communicate in real situation.Writing themes mostly addressing personal experience.Express in a single composing process and misleading text models.

OUTLINE

i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materialsAdding: extra readings, tasks or exercises.Deleting: irrelevant, unhelpful or difficult items.Modifying: rewriting examples, activities or explanationsSimplifying: rewriting to reduce difficult parts.Reordering: changing the sequence of units to fit the course goals. WAYS TO ADAPT MATERIALS

OUTLINE

i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials

WEBSITES

AUTHENTIC MATERIALS

TEXTUAL MATERIALS

Corpora can be used as materials for developing students writing by providing evidence of use and how a particular vocabulary item regular co-occurs with other items.Eg: Word Pilot

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materials Materials Writing TeamInspiring each other with ideas.

Reducing the amount of effort/ time/ frustration.

Higher-quality final product.

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materialsInputContent focusLanguage focusTask

Hutchison and Waters (1987) framework for materials design

Reflecting the instructional roles of materials. Emphasizing the integration of key elements in Materials Design.

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materialsInputContent focusLanguage focusTask

Hutchison and Waters (1987) framework for materials design

Input

Paper / electronic textDialogue/ video/ picture/communication dataStimulus for thought, discussion and writingNew language items or the re-presentation of earlier itemsA context and purpose for writingModels and exemplaries Spur to the use of writing process skillsChances to process informationChances for learners to use and build on prior knowledge

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materialsInputContent focusLanguage focusTask

Hutchison and Waters (1987) framework for materials design

Content FocusTopics , situations and information to generate meaningful communication

Language Focus- Analyses of texts- Students integrate new knowledge into the writing task.

TaskMaterials should lead towards a communicative task Learners use the content and language of unit write assignment.

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i. The role of writing materialsii. Selecting writing materialsiii. Textbook as writing materialsiv. Internet and writing materialsv. Creating writing materialsInputContent focusLanguage focusTask

Jolly and Bolitho (2011):

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CONCLUSION1. The role of writing materials - Model - Language scaffolding - Reference - Stimulus

2. Selecting writing materials - Proficiency of the learners - Nature of learning writing - Authenticity of materials

3. Writing materials: Textbook, Internet

4. Creating writing materialsInputContent focusLanguage focusTask