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EXPERT SYSTEMS AND SOLUTIONS

Email: expertsyssol@gmail.com

expertsyssol@yahoo.com

Cell: 9952749533www.researchprojects.info

PAIYANOOR, OMR, CHENNAI

Call For Research Projects Final

year students of B.E in EEE, ECE, EI,

M.E (Power Systems), M.E (Applied

Electronics), M.E (Power Electronics)

Ph.D Electrical and Electronics.

Students can assemble their hardware in our

Research labs. Experts will be guiding theprojects.

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FAULT LOCATION IN EHVFAULT LOCATION IN EHVTRANSIMISSION LINES USINGTRANSIMISSION LINES USING

ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OFUNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Dr.N.S. MarimuthuDr.N.S. Marimuthu

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Scope of the projectScope of the project

To detect faults in a EHV transmission line

using ANN

The determine the exact location of the fault

in the long transmission line

To bring out a economical scheme that

could be implemented in Indian conditions

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CAUSES OF LINE FAULTSCAUSES OF LINE FAULTS

LIGHTINING STROKESLIGHTINING STROKES

FOG AND SALT SPRAYFOG AND SALT SPRAY

DIRTY INSULATORSDIRTY INSULATORS

ICE AND SNOW LOADINGICE AND SNOW LOADING

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EXISTING FAULT LOCATINGEXISTING FAULT LOCATING

ALGORITHMSALGORITHMS STEADSTATE PHASOR APPROACHSTEADSTATE PHASOR APPROACH

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONDIFFERENTIAL EQUATION

TRAVELLING WAVE APPROACHTRAVELLING WAVE APPROACH

ONE END AND TWO END ALGORITHMSONE END AND TWO END ALGORITHMS

SYNCHRONISED AND NONSYNCHRONISED AND NON--

SYNCHRONISED SAMPLING APPROACHSYNCHRONISED SAMPLING APPROACH

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EXISTING ANN APPLICATIONS INEXISTING ANN APPLICATIONS IN

POWER SYSTEMPOWER SYSTEM

SECURITY ASSEMENTSECURITY ASSEMENT

LOAD FORECASTINGLOAD FORECASTING

POWER SYSTEM CONTROLPOWER SYSTEM CONTROL

TRANSFORMER AND GENERATORTRANSFORMER AND GENERATOR

PROTECTIONPROTECTION

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SYSTEM CONSIDERATIONSYSTEM CONSIDERATION

FAULT TYPEFAULT TYPE

-- 1 Three phase dead short circuit1 Three phase dead short circuit

-- 2 single line2 single line toto ground faultground fault

-- 3 Line3 Line -- toto Line fault ( LLine fault ( L L )L )

-- 4 double line4 double line toto ground fault ( Lground fault ( L G)G)

FAULT LOCATION (FAULT LOCATION (DISTANCEDISTANCE))

FAULT RESISTANCEFAULT RESISTANCE

FAULT INCEPTION ANGLEFAULT INCEPTION ANGLE

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Classifications of TransmissionClassifications of Transmission

LinesLines

Short Transmission linesShort Transmission lines

Up to 50 KM at < 20 KVUp to 50 KM at < 20 KV

Medium Transmission linesMedium Transmission lines--

50 to 150 Km at 20 to 100KV50 to 150 Km at 20 to 100KV

Long Transmission linesLong Transmission lines

More than 150KM with above 100KvMore than 150KM with above 100Kv

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POWER SYSTEM UNDERPOWER SYSTEM UNDER

CONSIDERATOINCONSIDERATOIN

120 Km

400KV1 20 p.u

10 GVA

G1

VT

S

FD-FL

CT CB

FAULT DISTANCE

FAULT

R

G29 GVA

0.9 0 P.U

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SYSTEM PARAMETERSSYSTEM PARAMETERS

Per unit valuePer unit valueActual value in any unitsActual value in any units

P.U =P.U = ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The base value in the same unitsThe base value in the same units

Potential transformer ( V.T )Potential transformer ( V.T ) 400KV / 230 V400KV / 230 V

-- primary connected across the line carrying the voltage toprimary connected across the line carrying the voltage to

be measuredbe measured Current transformer ( C.T )Current transformer ( C.T ) Bar primary / N2 =300Bar primary / N2 =300

-- primary of the current transformer is in series with the lineprimary of the current transformer is in series with the lineand carries the line currentand carries the line current

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Location of fault detector in a towerLocation of fault detector in a tower

Insulator

High Voltage30kV

fault detector

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INPUT AND OUTPUT OF ANNINPUT AND OUTPUT OF ANN

FAULT DETECTORFAULT DETECTOR

sampli atti- lias

i

ampl

.I

patt rmaki scali

filt r Z

iscr tri r

transf rm

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V AND I PHASORS IN A

E.H.V LINE

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DESIGN OF FAULT LOCATORDESIGN OF FAULT LOCATOR

AND DETECTORAND DETECTOR

Prepare a set of suitable data to train thePrepare a set of suitable data to train theANNANN

Selection of a suitable structure for theSelection of a suitable structure for thegiven applicationgiven application

Training of the ANN with the availableTraining of the ANN with the availablepatternspatterns

Evaluation of the trained ANN using newEvaluation of the trained ANN using newpatternspatterns

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PrinciplePrinciple Neural NetworksNeural Networks

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STRUCTURE OF SINGLE LAYERSTRUCTURE OF SINGLE LAYER

FEED FORWARD NNFEED FORWARD NN

F1hW

oW

HI

F2

xy' y

h' h

ml l m

p

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LEARING METHODOLOGYLEARING METHODOLOGY -- BACKBACK

PROPAGATIONPROPAGATION

SIGNALSSIGNALS Forward PropagationForward Propagation

ERRORSERRORS Backward propagationBackward propagation

SUPREVISED LEARINGSUPREVISED LEARING-- provide the network with examplesprovide the network with examples

of symmetrical and unsymmetricalof symmetrical and unsymmetrical

fault conditionfault condition

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CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

The use of current and voltagesThe use of current and voltagesphasors magnitudes gives the bestphasors magnitudes gives the bestperformanceperformance

The fault recovery time can veryThe fault recovery time can verymuch reduced by the use of twomuch reduced by the use of twolayer approachlayer approach

For accurate results sensor elementsFor accurate results sensor elementsmust in towers at regular intervalsmust in towers at regular intervals

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FAULT DETECTORFAULT DETECTOR

VI

VOLTAGE

SAMPLING

AT 100KHZ

CURRENT

SAMPLING

AT 100KHZ

SCALING SCALING

PATTERN

MAKING

ANN

FAULT LOCATOR 3

EHV LINE

P.T C.T

R

Y

B