Presented by:Shehneela Baseer

117113Zainab Sajjad

117114

Introduction to Bioreactors Types of Bioreactor designs Conclusion

Any manufactured or engineered device or system that supports a biologically active environment

Stirred tank reactors Bubble-column reactors Air lift reactors Drum rotating reactors Immobilized plane cell reactors

Membrane reactors

Air is dispersed by mechanical agitation.

Better control over the environment of the culture.

Can cause damage to the cells

High energy demand

Complexity in construction

Difficult to scale up.

One of the simplest type of gas – liquid bioreactors.

Facilitates sterile operation

Less damaging to shear-sensitive cells

Scale up is relatively easy.

Undefined fluid flow pattern inside the reactor.

Non-uniform mixing.

Works on draught tube principle.

Reasonable mixing with low shear

Operating cost is low.

Less contamination

Insufficient mixing at high cell densities.

Consists of horizontally rotating-drum on rollers connected to a motor.

High oxygen transfer.

Good mixing

Facilitated better growth and impart less hydrodynamic stress.

Difficult to scale up.

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Immobilization of plant cell into a suitable carriers.

Either in natural (alginate, agar) or synthetic (polyacrylamide)

Cells are separated from growth medium by membrane

Environment is more easily controlled

Better control over cell density.

Reactor type

Oxygen transfer

Hydrodynamic stress

Mixing Scale up limitations

Stirred-tank High Highly destructive

Completely uniform

Difficult Cell death; contamination due to moving parts

ST-low agitation and modified impeller

Medium Low Reasonably uniform

Difficult Insufficient mixing at very high cell densities

Bubble-column

Medium Low Non-uniform

Easy Dead zones; settling of cells due to poor mixing

Air-lift High Low Uniform Easy Dead zones at high cell densities

Rotating-drum

High Low Uniform Difficult Non-uniform mixing at very large scale.

Insulin Bioreactor Design

Production of insulin precursor 5000 kg insulin per year

Assumes 20 % loss due to purification kLa within 10% of 2088 hr -1

Prevents oxygen limited reactionPrevents anaerobic metabolism

Glucose concentration < 0.5 g/LPrevents formation of ethanol

CSTR configuration Jacket heat exchanger Price

Substrate feedGlucose, ammonia, mineral salts

Cellular metabolism of substrate Extracellular production of insulin Air sparging for oxygen delivery Impellers for mixing of nutrients and

oxygen

Hence, with the help of different types of bioreactors, commercial production of secondary metabolites is not only possible but also profitable.