Vocabulary

metropolis urbanrural urban sprawlGMA suburburbanization immigrantimmigration downtowndensity multi-ethnicity

Infrastructure: system of basic equipment for a community (roads, water supply, power grid, bridges, etc.)

Lexique

métropole urbain

rural étalement urbain

banlieue densité

urbanisation immigrant

immigartion multiethnicité

centre-ville RMM

Infrastructure: ensemble d’équipement collectifs de base (routes, aqueducs, réseau d’électricité, ponts, etc.)

Développement durableProtéger l’environnement

Répondre auxbesoins de la société

Permettre le développement

économique

Le développement durable vise à répondre aux

besoins de la population d’aujourd’hui sans

toutefois compremettre les besoins des

générations futures.

Ceci implique un équilibre entre

le développement sociale,

le développement économique

et la protection de

l’environnement.

Le développement durable c’est donc...Répondre aux besoins d’aujourd’hui, penser à notre bien-être….sans oublier ceux des générations futures.

Sustainable DevelopmentProtect the environment

Meet society’s

needs

Allow for economic

development

Sustainable development aims to meet the

present population’s needs without

compromising the needs of future generations.

This implies a balance between

social development,

Economic development and

environmental protection.

Sustainable development is...meeting today's needsthinking of our own well-being ...and that of future generations.

Under a series of small hills is garbage. It can go up to 12 m deep and 40 m high. Between 500 and 700 trucks dump their loads each day, five and a half days a week. Week after week. Year after year. At the current rate, the Lachenaie site will be full in about 15 years.

1 million people's daily garbage

Every granola bar wrapper, every piece of Styrofoam packaging, every item that you throw into your garbage can ends up here, crushed and buried. It sits here, forever.

As soon as the garbage is dumped, a 50-tonne compacter crushes it; when the garbage reaches 3 metres high, it is covered with a layer of dirt and a fluffy material made from recycled (non metal) car parts.

3 m of compacted garbage, 50 cm of dirt, repeat until 40 m, then top with 3 m of clay

What we see of the garbage is depressing: it’s easy to make out flattened juice cartons, bits of metal or plastic. About 75% of what ends up here could have been composted or recycled. Once it’s in the garbage truck, it’s too late.

Many people think the garbage will eventually disappear. That’s false. Glass, metal and plastic may degrade over time (a long time), but they never disappear. Once the hole is full, it’s full forever. All we can do is cover it up and build a park or golf course on top of it.

How it worksThe garbage is deposited in cells built like vaults in clay. Beneath these cells, 10 m of clay serves as an impermeable barrier. At the bottom of each cell, a network of drains and pipes collects the leachate, the garbage soup that leaks through when it rains or snows. The leachate is treated in a system of lagoons. The water then goes to the local wastewater treatment plant.

That’s why it’s soimportant not to throwhazardous waste suchas batteries, old paintor medicine in with theregular garbage. Withthe wind and snow andtransfer process, somematter inevitably getsinto the environment.

Le niveau de développement d’un pays est déterminé par son PIB/hab., par l’espérance de vie de ses habitants et par leur tauxd’alphabétisation.

PIB/hab. ( Produit Interieur Brut par habitant) – Montant ($) total de la production d’un pays divisé par le nombre d’habitants. Un PIB/hab. Élevé = un bon niveau de vie chez les habitants.

Espérance de vie – Nombre d’année qu’une personne peutespérer vivre.

Taux d’alphabétisation – Pourcentage de la population âgée de 15 ans et plus qui sait lire et écrire.

Pays industrialisés – pays où la majorité de la population travaille à la production de biens et de services et gagne un salaire convenable. 55 pays sont considérés industrialisés.

Pays en développement – Pays où la majorité de la population travaille à l’exploitation de ressources naturelles et n’atteintpas un niveau de vie convenable. 86 pays sont considérés en développement.

Pays moins avancés – pays les plus pauvres parmi les pays en développement. 36 pays sont considérés moins avancés.

The level of development of a country is determined by its GDP per capita, the life expectancy of its inhabitants and their literacy rate.

GDP per capita (Gross Domestic Product per inhabitant) – The total amount of a country’s production ($) divided by the number of its inhabitants. A high GDP per capita = a good standard of living for the population.

Life expectancy – The number of years a person can expect to live.

Literacy rate – The percentage of a population aged 15 years and older that can read and write.

Industrialized countries – Countries in which the majority of the population works at producing goods and services and earns decent wages (salary). 55 countries on Earth are considered industrialized.

Developing countries – Countries in which the majority of the population works at developing natural resources and does not achieve a decent standard of living (salaries are low). 86 countries are considered developing.

Least-developed countries – The poorest countries among the developing country. 36 countries are considered to be least developed.

Bidonville: Groupement d’habitations faites de matériauxrécupérés (bois, métal, carton) qui abritent les populations démunies. Voir pg. 59 du manuel. 1 milliard de personneshabitent dans des bidonvilles, soit 1 personne sur 6. Chaqueannée, 70 milllions de personnes quittent leurs maisons en secteur rural pour aller vivre en ville. Beaucoup d’entre euxdoivent s’installer dans des bidonvilles. Les résidents des bidonvilles se construisent des habitations sur des terres qui ne leur appartiennent pas. Ils doivent donc faire face à des expulsions forcées.

ManilaPhilippines

Shantytown: (slum) A cluster of dwellings made from scrap materials (wood, metal, cardboard) that provides a home for very poor populations. See page 59 of textbook. 1 billion people live in slums, that is 1 out of 6 people on Earth. Every year, 70 million people leave their rural homes and head for the cities. Many of them end up living in shantytowns. Residents of slums build shelters on land they do not own and therefore face forced evictions.

ManilaPhilippines

Dharavi, Bombay

Nagar, India

Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Sao Paulo, Brazil

Document 3

Slum destruction

Document 4Slums in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Document 5Slums in Kibera, Kenya

Document 11Child beside open sewer

Document 14

WATER71%

LAND29%

EARTH

Fresh Water3%

Salt Water97%

Earth's Water

EAU71%

Terre29%

LA TERRE

Eau douce3%

Eau salée97%

L’eau sur la Terre