PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines...
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Transcript of PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 3 Engine Operation Engine Components Four-Stroke Cycle Engines...
PowerPoint® PresentationPowerPoint® Presentation
Chapter 3Chapter 3Engine OperationEngine Operation
Engine Components • Four-Stroke Cycle Engine Components • Four-Stroke Cycle Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines • Engines • Two-Stroke Cycle Engines •
Valving Systems • Diesel Engines • Rotary Valving Systems • Diesel Engines • Rotary Engines • Engine OutputEngines • Engine Output
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
CompetenciesCompetencies List the components of an engine block.List the components of an engine block. Describe a cylinder head.Describe a cylinder head. Explain the operation and components of a crankshaft.Explain the operation and components of a crankshaft. Describe pistons and piston rings.Describe pistons and piston rings. Explain the function of connecting rods and bearings.Explain the function of connecting rods and bearings.
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
CompetenciesCompetencies Describe the flywheel and valve train.Describe the flywheel and valve train. Compare the operation of four-stroke cycle and two-Compare the operation of four-stroke cycle and two-
stroke cycle engines.stroke cycle engines. Describe valving systems.Describe valving systems. Explain important features of diesel engines.Explain important features of diesel engines. Explain measurement of engine output.Explain measurement of engine output.
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine BlocksEngine Blocks
cylinder blockcylinder block cylinder borecylinder bore cooling finscooling fins valve train valve train
componentscomponents
crankcasecrankcase
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Cylinder HeadsCylinder Heads
engine component engine component fastened to the fastened to the end of the cylinder end of the cylinder block farthest from block farthest from the crankshaftthe crankshaft
head gasket is head gasket is filler materialfiller material
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
CrankshaftsCrankshafts
convert linear convert linear motion of pistons motion of pistons to rotary motionto rotary motion
crankpin journalcrankpin journal bearing journalbearing journal counterweightcounterweight crankgearcrankgear
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
PistonsPistons
slide back and forth in slide back and forth in the cylinder borethe cylinder bore
piston pinpiston pin skirtskirt ring groovering groove piston ringpiston ring
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Connecting RodsConnecting Rodsand Bearingsand Bearings
connecting rod connecting rod transfers motion transfers motion from piston to from piston to crankshaftcrankshaft
bearings reduce bearings reduce friction, maintain friction, maintain clearanceclearance
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Flywheels and Valve TrainsFlywheels and Valve Trains
a flywheel is a disk mounted at one end a flywheel is a disk mounted at one end of a crankshaftof a crankshaft provides inertia for the engineprovides inertia for the engine maintains crankshaft rotation between maintains crankshaft rotation between
combustion intervalscombustion intervals
a valve train controls the flow of gases a valve train controls the flow of gases into and out of the combustion chamberinto and out of the combustion chamber
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine OperationEngine Operation
intake eventintake event introduces air and fuel (or just air in a diesel introduces air and fuel (or just air in a diesel
engine) to the combustion chamber engine) to the combustion chamber piston moves from TCD to BDCpiston moves from TCD to BDC
compression eventcompression event air and fuel (or just air in a diesel engine) in air and fuel (or just air in a diesel engine) in
combustion chamber is compressed in the combustion chamber is compressed in the cylindercylinder
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine OperationEngine Operation
ignition (combustion) eventignition (combustion) event charge is ignited and rapidly oxidized to charge is ignited and rapidly oxidized to
release energy release energy
power eventpower event expanding gases force the piston head expanding gases force the piston head
away from the cylinder headaway from the cylinder head
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine OperationEngine Operation
exhaust eventexhaust event spent gases are removed from the chamber spent gases are removed from the chamber
and released to atmosphere and released to atmosphere
valve overlap is the point when both valve overlap is the point when both intake and exhaust valves are openintake and exhaust valves are open
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Valving SystemsValving Systems
seal the combustion chamber to control seal the combustion chamber to control flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinder flow of air-fuel mixture into the cylinder and exhaust gases out of the cylinderand exhaust gases out of the cylinder
commonly two valves per system, intake commonly two valves per system, intake and exhaustand exhaust
location of valve determines type of head location of valve determines type of head designdesign
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines
injector is hydraulically activated by injector is hydraulically activated by pressurized fuel delivered by the pressurized fuel delivered by the injection pumpinjection pump
heat in glow plug is created by resistance heat in glow plug is created by resistance to current in a heating coilto current in a heating coil
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Diesel EnginesDiesel Engines
five events in operationfive events in operation intakeintake compressioncompression ignitionignition powerpower exhaustexhaust
turbocharging uses a compressorturbocharging uses a compressor
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine OutputEngine Output
measured by torque and horsepowermeasured by torque and horsepower units of measurement of horsepowerunits of measurement of horsepower
brake, friction, and indicated horsepowerbrake, friction, and indicated horsepower dynamometer measures torque, load, dynamometer measures torque, load,
speed, and horsepowerspeed, and horsepower
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Engine OutputEngine Output
factors affecting engine outputfactors affecting engine output displacementdisplacement volumetric efficiencyvolumetric efficiency thermal efficiencythermal efficiency air densityair density
Chapter 3 — Engine OperationChapter 3 — Engine Operation
Chapter 3 ReviewChapter 3 Review
What is the function of a crankshaft?What is the function of a crankshaft? A crankshaft is an engine component that A crankshaft is an engine component that
converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of the converts the linear (reciprocating) motion of the piston into rotary motion.piston into rotary motion.
What are the five events of four-stroke cycle What are the five events of four-stroke cycle engines?engines? The five events of four-stroke cycle engines are The five events of four-stroke cycle engines are
intake, compression, ignition, power, and intake, compression, ignition, power, and exhaust.exhaust.