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Amplifying And Recording Your ChoirA Hands-On, Basic Approach to
Sound Technology
Ed ArgüellesEd ArgüellesDe Leon M.S.De Leon M.S.
McAllen, TXMcAllen, TX
Two Different ThingsTwo Different Things
Sound Sound ReinforcementReinforcement
Amplifying your choir Amplifying your choir for your audiencefor your audience
Equipment Equipment Set-up Set-up ControlControl
TroubleshootingTroubleshooting
RecordingRecording
Rehearsal EvaluationRehearsal Evaluation
PerformancesPerformances
ArchivingArchiving
II Sound ReinforcementSound Reinforcement
GoalsGoals
Reinforcement or Reinforcement or Volume Volume
(What’s the difference?)(What’s the difference?)
Choir concertsChoir concerts SolosSolos Musicals/Medleys Musicals/Medleys
(stage)(stage) Venues Venues
First Things First!First Things First!$$$ Equipment $$$$$$ Equipment $$$
MixersMixersThe “Brains” of the SystemThe “Brains” of the System
PoweredPowered Non-PoweredNon-Powered Small FrameSmall Frame Rack-MountRack-Mount Large FrameLarge Frame Multi-BusMulti-Bus AutomatedAutomated
SpeakersSpeakers“Loud-Mouths”“Loud-Mouths”
Main (House)Main (House) Monitor Monitor
(Performer)(Performer) PoweredPowered Non-PoweredNon-Powered Full RangeFull Range Bi-Amp / Tri-AmpBi-Amp / Tri-Amp PortablePortable Flyable / MountableFlyable / Mountable
AmplifiersAmplifiersThe “Muscles” of Your SystemThe “Muscles” of Your System
MonoMono StereoStereo BridgedBridged Full RangeFull Range Bi-Amp’ingBi-Amp’ing Tri-Amp’ingTri-Amp’ing PortablePortable
MicrophonesMicrophonesThe “Ears” that Hear Everything!The “Ears” that Hear Everything!
Handheld – Dynamic or Condenser
Wireless
Lapel, Headset, Theatre
Area, Suspended
ComponentsComponentsAll the “Other” PartsAll the “Other” Parts
Also known as “Outboard” EquipmentAlso known as “Outboard” Equipment Players – CD, Mp3, iPod, Flash Drive, Players – CD, Mp3, iPod, Flash Drive,
Cassette?Cassette? Processors – Effects, Compressors, EqualizersProcessors – Effects, Compressors, Equalizers Receivers, Antennae Splitters, Power Receivers, Antennae Splitters, Power
Conditioner, Amplifiers, etc.Conditioner, Amplifiers, etc.
CablesCablesThe “Life-Lines”The “Life-Lines”
Mic CablesMic Cables Signal (Instrument) Signal (Instrument)
CablesCables Speaker CablesSpeaker Cables
? How to tell the ? How to tell the difference!difference!
SnakesSnakes Custom CablesCustom Cables
Connector TypesConnector Types
XLR (Mic, Balanced)XLR (Mic, Balanced) ¼ inch (tip/sleeve)¼ inch (tip/sleeve) ¼ inch TRS ¼ inch TRS (tip, ring, sleeve)(tip, ring, sleeve) Banana Plug Banana Plug (Speaker Connector)(Speaker Connector) Neutrik (Speakon)Neutrik (Speakon) RCARCA OtherOther
Putting It All Together!Putting It All Together!
Power (Multi-plug, Power Conditioner)Power (Multi-plug, Power Conditioner) (In) Mics, Insrtuments, CD, etc. (In) Mics, Insrtuments, CD, etc. (Out) Speakers(Out) Speakers Monitors (Aux Send)Monitors (Aux Send) Other Equipment (Auxiliary Send/Receive)Other Equipment (Auxiliary Send/Receive) AdaptersAdapters Label It! (So you can remember it all!)Label It! (So you can remember it all!) USE IT! (So you can remember it all!)USE IT! (So you can remember it all!)
Putting It All Together!Putting It All Together!
Making the ConnectionMaking the Connection Wires – the “Weakest Link”Wires – the “Weakest Link”
Check them one-at-a-timeCheck them one-at-a-timeHave spares!Have spares!
Learn how to roll-up & store Learn how to roll-up & store
If it “crackles”, replace it or repair itIf it “crackles”, replace it or repair it
The correct type of wire will improve soundThe correct type of wire will improve soundXLR, Signal, Speaker, TRS, ¼”, RCAXLR, Signal, Speaker, TRS, ¼”, RCAHigher quality cables last longerHigher quality cables last longer
Label them (if you need to)Label them (if you need to)
Testing & TroubleshootingTesting & Troubleshooting Getting a signalGetting a signal Trace the pathTrace the path Test each cable individuallyTest each cable individually Check the buttons & knobsCheck the buttons & knobs
Mute, Pan, Pads, Gain, Mute, Pan, Pads, Gain, Channel, Volume, RoutingChannel, Volume, Routing
Check the EquipmentCheck the EquipmentMixer, Speaker, Amp, Fuses, BreakersMixer, Speaker, Amp, Fuses, Breakers
If all else fails, check that you’re plugged If all else fails, check that you’re plugged in!in!
It’s A Balancing Act!It’s A Balancing Act!
11stst - Set your channel levels (volume) - Set your channel levels (volume)Main volume - One at a timeMain volume - One at a time
22ndnd – Set your monitor levels – Set your monitor levelsAux volume – for performers (if used)Aux volume – for performers (if used)
33rdrd - Adjust your EQ (natural or enhanced) - Adjust your EQ (natural or enhanced)Helps to avoid feedbackHelps to avoid feedback
44thth - Find your MAX level (before feedback) - Find your MAX level (before feedback)An audience changes things…An audience changes things…Save some volume to add Save some volume to add
(headroom)(headroom)
Concerning FeedbackConcerning Feedback
What causes feedback?What causes feedback?
A frequency amplifies itself A frequency amplifies itself (loop)(loop)
How can you identify it? (frequency)How can you identify it? (frequency) How do you eliminate it?How do you eliminate it? How can you prevent it?How can you prevent it? EQ (equalizer)EQ (equalizer) Analyze and “EQ the Room”Analyze and “EQ the Room”
Recommended EquipmentRecommended Equipmentfor Sound Reinforcementfor Sound Reinforcement
Mics – Audix OM-2, OM-3xbMics – Audix OM-2, OM-3xb Wireless Mics – Sennheiser EW series Wireless Mics – Sennheiser EW series
(G2)(G2) Headsets – Countryman, Audio TechnicaHeadsets – Countryman, Audio Technica
Da CappoDa Cappo Mixers – MackieMixers – Mackie Amplifiers – QSC, CrownAmplifiers – QSC, Crown Speakers – Yamaha, JBLSpeakers – Yamaha, JBL Cables – Belkin, HorizonCables – Belkin, Horizon
II RecordingII Recording
Easier than live soundEasier than live sound
Record your concertsRecord your concerts
Record your rehearsalsRecord your rehearsals
Evaluation & AssessmentEvaluation & Assessment
Archive your performancesArchive your performances
EquipmentEquipment
Compact / PortableCompact / PortableAll-In-One, Stand AloneAll-In-One, Stand AloneMicsMicsMixerMixerCablesCablesHeadphonesHeadphonesCD Recorder, Mini-Disk, CD Recorder, Mini-Disk, Laptop, Laptop,
Hard Drive, Flash MemoryHard Drive, Flash Memory
MicrophonesMicrophones
Dynamic MicsDynamic MicsPassive electronicsPassive electronicsCan take a beating and keep workingCan take a beating and keep working
Condenser MicsCondenser MicsActive electronicsActive electronicsMore sensitive to sound and handlingMore sensitive to sound and handlingRequires “Phantom Power” (48 volts)Requires “Phantom Power” (48 volts)
Mic PlacementMic Placement
Close ProximityClose Proximity
At the stage (like UIL)At the stage (like UIL)
Closer to your groupCloser to your group
Distant ProximityDistant Proximity
From within the audienceFrom within the audience
Careful with ambient noiseCareful with ambient noise
CombinationCombination
A mic close to the choir A mic close to the choir &&
A mic further away (ambient mic)A mic further away (ambient mic)
Record LevelsRecord Levels
Record MetersRecord Meters
Adjust LevelsAdjust Levels
Should read “just in” the “Red Zone”Should read “just in” the “Red Zone”
when group is loudestwhen group is loudest
Don’t allow the level to “Peak Out”Don’t allow the level to “Peak Out”
““Peaking Out” adds DistortionPeaking Out” adds Distortion
Once in the recording, it can’t be Once in the recording, it can’t be removedremoved
Recommended EquipmentRecommended Equipmentfor Recordingfor Recording
CD Recorder CD Recorder (Superscope, Tascam, Denon)(Superscope, Tascam, Denon)
Once finalized, ready to playOnce finalized, ready to play Laptop (software – can be edited)Laptop (software – can be edited)
Can be manipulated, edited, Can be manipulated, edited, convertedconverted
Flash Drive recorders!!Flash Drive recorders!!
Zoom H4, Edirol R-09, SonyZoom H4, Edirol R-09, Sony
One-touch recording!One-touch recording!
Ultra-Portable, expandable memoryUltra-Portable, expandable memory
USB output, Audio output, EffectsUSB output, Audio output, Effects
MicrophonesMicrophones
Condensor Mics (require Phantom Condensor Mics (require Phantom Power)Power)
Handheld (various)Handheld (various)
Choir MicsChoir Mics
Audio Technica (U853R)Audio Technica (U853R)
Shure (MX202 B/C, EZO/G)Shure (MX202 B/C, EZO/G)
Audix Audix