Powerpoint Man

7/28/2019 Powerpoint Man

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UNIT 1

Objective: By the end of the discussion,1. You will be able to understand the following terms:

Curriculum, Objectives, Education, Teaching,

Curriculum Development, Learning and

Nursing Curriculum.2. You will be able to cite the common concepts of Curriculum.

3. You will be aware of the Nature of the Nursing Education.

4. You will be awaken on the common problems and issues in

Nursing.5. You will recognize the factors affecting the Nursing Practice and

the Implications to the Preparation of the Nurse Practitioners.

6. You will be familiar with the curriculum issues and trends andfuture directions for Curriculum.


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TERMINOLOGIES

CURRICULUM


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CURRICULUM

-Curriculum comes from the Latin root, "currere" whichmeans "to run", which later came to stand as the "course ofstudy."

-Curriculum is the sum total of all learning content,experiences, and resources that are purposely selected, organizedand implemented by the school in pursuit of its peculiar mandateas a distinct institution of learning and human development.

-Marsh and Willis on the other hand view curriculum as allthe experiences in the classroom which are planned and enactedby the teacher, and also learned by the students.

-The sum of all learning content, experiences and resourcesthat are purposely selected, organized, and implemented by theschool in pursuit of its peculiar mandate as a distinct institutionof learning and human development. (Palma, 1992)


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OBJECTIVE


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OBJECTIVE

-A specific result that a person or system aims toachieve within a time frame and with availableresources.

-It also refers to an expected result before thecompletion of work.


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EDUCATION


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EDUCATION

The act or process of imparting or acquiring

general knowledge, developing the powers ofreasoning and judgment, and generally of preparingoneself or others intellectually for mature life.


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TEACHING


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TEACHING

-It refers to imparting knowledge or skills.

-It is the process of helping the learners learn

economically, efficiently, and effectively. Or, it is theprocess of facilitating learning.


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CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT


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CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT

-Curriculum Development can be defined as the systematicplanning of what is taught and learned in schools as reflected incourses of study and school programs.

-Curriculum Development is defined as the process of

selecting, organizing, executing and evaluating learning experienceson the basis of the needs, abilities, and interests of learners and thenature of the society or community. It takes into consideration thefollowing factors:

a) The nature of society which includes the cultural heritage, theneeds, and demands as well as the economic, social, political,cultural, moral and other problems of the people.

b) The interests, the needs, previous experiences and problems of thelearners, and;

c) The educational and psychological principles based on the findingsof scientific studies and experimentations.


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-cont.

Development connotes changes which are systematic. A change forthe better means any alteration, modification or improvement of existingcondition. However, may not necessarily result in development. For changeto be positive and result in development, it must have the followingcharacteristics: purposeful, planned and progressive. This is howcurriculum evolves.

Purposeful Change is change that is intentional or directional. There mustbe clearly specified targets or objectives. This kind of change is somethingthat one causes to happen, not something that happens accidentally. Ittherefore includes control over responsibility for the effects brought about

by the change. Planned Change means two things. First, there is a series of systematic and

sequential steps leading to a target. Secondly, these are executed over a

period of time. Planned change then takes time. It requires an orderlyprogression of scheduled activities and tasks. It allows no shortcuts. Itdemands a disciplined execution.

Progressive Change brings about improvement. It takes a person or a groupto higher levels of perfection.


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-cont.

Curriculum development then should beconcerned with the drawing up of plans for teachingand learning activities in the classroom situationsthat will bring about positive changes in the lives ofthe learners. It is based on the schools mission andgoals and identifies ways of translating these into acoherent and coordinated program of meaningful

experiences and conditions eliciting responses thatwill lead to the transformation of the learners intoauthentic, warm and sensitive human beings.


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LEARNING


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LEARNING

-Learning is acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcingexisting, knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences andmay involve synthesizing different types of information.

-The Dictionary of Education defines learning as a changein response or behavior caused partly or wholly by experience.

-According to the Curriculum Development System byJesus Palma, Learning is the interaction of the learners withconditions in the environment which brings about a change inbehavior for the better. Learning involves s process and bringsabout an outcome. All learning begins with a stimulus found inthe environment. A stimulus is any object, person orphenomenon that we experience or that we become aware ofthrough any of our five senses. Every stimulus elicits acorresponding response which is automatic. Thus we have theso-called stimulus-response bond.


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Nursing Curriculum

CHED MEMORANDUM ORDER (CMO)No. 5Series of 2008SUBJECT: POLICIES AND STANDARDS FOR BACHELOR

OF SCIENCE IN NURSING (BSN) PROGRAM

In accordance with pertinent provisions of Republic Act (RA) No.7722, otherwise known as the Higher Education Act of 1994 and pursuantto Commission en Banc Resolution No. 93-2008 dated March 10, 2008 andfor the purpose of rationalizing Nursing Education in the country in orderto provide relevant and quality health services locally and internationally,

the following policies and standards for Bachelor of Science in Nursing(BSN) program are hereby adopted and promulgated by the Commission.


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ARTICLE V

Section 6. Curriculum. Higher Education Institutions offering the Bachelor of Science inNursing program must conform with the standard curriculum embodied in this CMO providedthat program innovations shall be subject to prior review by the Commission.

Section 7. Level Objectives. The student shall be given opportunities to be exposed to thevarious levels of health care (health promotion, disease prevention, risk reduction, curative andrestoration of health) with various client groups (individual, family, population groups andcommunity). These opportunities shall be given in graduated experiences to ensure that thecompetencies per course, per level and for the whole program are developed.

Before graduation, the student shall approximate the competencies of a professional nurse as theyassume the various roles and responsibilities. For each year level, the following objectivesshould be achieved:

7.1 At the end of the first year, the student shall have acquired an understanding and awareness ofhimself as an individual and as a member of the family, the community, and the world withemphasis on personal, societal and professional values responsibilities, rights, and anawareness of physical, social and cultural milieu.


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Specifically, the student shall:

a. develop a deeper understanding of himself/herself and the multi-factorialdimensions of the individual which can affect health and well being;

b. recognize his/her duty in improving the quality of life not only for himself/herselfbut for others as well;

c. develop a deeper awareness of his/her rights, duties and responsibilities to God,country and the world;

d. demonstrate beginning skills in the use of the nursing process in the care of healthyindividual;

e. explain the theoretical foundation of nursing with the four meta-paradigms as guideto his/her nursing practice;

f. apply the scientific method to his activities wherever possible;

g. imbibe the values cherished by the nursing profession such as teamwork, respect,love of God, integrity and caring;h. discuss the competency based BSN program; and,i. demonstrate critical thinking skills in relating with self and others.


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7.2 At the end of the second year, the student shall have acquired the holistic understanding of thehuman person as a bio-psycho cultural being focusing on the concept of health and illness as itis related to the care of the mother and child in varied settings.


a. describe the health care delivery system and the nurses role in it;

b. demonstrate ethico-moral, legal responsibilities in the care of individual family and community;c. demonstrate the beginning skills in the provision of independent and collaborative nursingfunction;

d. discuss the role of economics as it impacts on health and illness;e. relate the stages of growth and development in the care of clients;f. demonstrate beginning skills in the preparation of healthy and therapeutic diets in varied client

cases;g. explain the dynamics of the disease process caused by microbes and parasites and the

environment;h. imbibe the core values cherished by the nursing profession such as love of God, caring, love of

country and of people;i. design a plan that will focus on health promotion and risk reduction to clients;

j. utilize the nursing process in the care of the high risk mother and child in the family; and,


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7.3 At the end of the third year, given actual clients/situation with various physiologicand psychosocial alterations, the student shall be able to demonstrate thecompetencies in the following key areas of responsibilities such as safe andqualitynursing care, health education, communication, collaboration and teamwork,ethico-moral and legal, quality improvement, research, record management andmanagement of resources and environmental.

Specifically the student shall:

a. utilize the nursing process in the care of clients across the lifespan with problems inoxygenation, fluid and electrolyte balance, metabolism and endocrine functioning,perception coordination and maladaptive patterns of behavior;

b. apply the research process in addressing nursing/health problems to improvequality of care;

c. integrate the role of culture and history in the plan of care;d. apply principles of good governance in the effective delivery of quality health care;e. observe the core values cherished by the nursing profession (love of God, caring, love

of country and of people) and the bioethical principles in the care of clients; and,f. apply a nursing theory in the management of care of a client for case study


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7.4 At the end of the 4th year, given actual clients/situation the student shallbe able to demonstrate competencies in all the key areas of responsibility.


a. utilize the nursing care process in the care of clients across the lifespan with

problems in inflammatory and immunologic reactions, cellular aberrationsand acute biologic crisis, in disaster/emergency situations;

b. apply a nursing theory in the management of care of a client for case study;and,

c. observe the core values cherished by the nursing profession (love of God,caring, love of country and of people) and the bioethical principles in the

care of clients; and,d. demonstrate leadership and management skills in the care of a group of

clients in the community and hospital setting utilizing research findings;


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Section 8. Curriculum OutlineA. Outline of Total Units of General Education (GE) Courses: 87 Units

Courses Units

Language and Humanities 21English 1 & 2 (Communication Skills) 6

English 3 (Speech and Communication) 3Filipino 1 & 2 6

Philosophy of the Human Person 3Logic and Critical Thinking 3

Mathematics, Natural Sciences & Information Technology 22Mathematics (College Algebra) 3

Biostatistics 3General Chemistry 3/2 5

Biochemistry 3/2 5Physics 2/1 3Nursing Informatics 2/1 3

Health Sciences 9Anatomy & Physiology 3/2 5

Microbiology & Parasitology 3/1 4Science, Technology and Society course could be integrated in any professional courses

Social Sciences 15General Psychology 3

Sociology/Anthropology 3Humanities [ World Civilization & Literature] 3

Health Economics with Taxation & Land Reform 3

Bioethics 3Mandated Subjects 6

Life, Works and Writings of Rizal 3Philippine History with Governance and Constitution 3

Physical Education & NSTP 14PE 1 to 4 8

National Service Training Program 1& 2


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B. Outline and Units of Professional Courses 125 Units

Theoretical Foundations in Nursing 3Health Assessment (2/1) 3

Community Health Nursing (3/2) 5Nutrition and Diet Therapy (3/1) 4

Teaching Strategies in Health Education 3Pharmacology 3

Nursing Research 1 3Nursing Research 2 2

Competency Appraisal I 3Competency Appraisal 2 3NCM 100 Fundamentals of Nursing Practice (3/2) 5

NCM 101 Care of Individuals and Family with Maternal and Child Health (6/6) 12 NCM 102 Care of Clients Across the Lifespan with Mother, Child and

Family/Population Group -at-risk or With Problems (6/6) 12NCM 103 Care of Clients Across the Lifespan with Problems in

Oxygenation, Fluid & Electrolyte Balance, Metabolism and Endocrine (8/6) 14 NCM 104 Care of Clients Across the Lifespan with Problems in Perception

and Coordination, Adjustment and Maladaptive Behaviors (8/6) 14NCM 105 Related Learning Experiences (4 RLE) 4

NCM 106 Care of Clients Across the Lifespan and Population Group with Problems in Inflammatory and Immunologic Reactions, Cellular Aberrations, Acute Biologic Crisis, Including Emergency and Disaster Nursing (8/8) 16

NCM 107 Nursing Leadership and Management (8/8) 16Total Number of Units = 212


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At the end of the B. S. Nursing program, the total number of exposure/contact hours inthe clinical laboratory is as follows:Courses - RLE Credit - UnitRLE Contact Hours (1 credit unit =51 hours)

Health Assessment 1 51

Community Health Nursing 2 102Nursing Care Management 100 2 102Nursing Care Management 101 6 306Nursing Care Management 102 6 306Nursing Care Management 103 6 306Nursing Care Management 104 6 306

Nursing Care Management 105 4 204Nursing Care Management 106 8 408Nursing Care Management 107 8 408Total 49 RLE units 2,499 hours


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A. COMMON CONCEPTS OF CURRICULUM

Posner describes the common concepts around curriculum:* Scope and sequence, or a series of intended learning outcomes.,

with the role of guiding both the instructional and evaluationdecisions.

*Syllabus, or plan for an entire course, with elements of both theends and means of the course.*Content outline, which is sufficient only if the sole purpose of

education is to transmit specific content.*Textbook, or a guide to both the ends and means of education.*Course of study, with the concept of a journey through the

educational program.*Planned experience, actually comprising all experiences planned

by the school. (Posner, p. 5, 9)


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THE NATURE OF NURSING EDUCATION

Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) is a four yeardegree program that teaches students the necessary skillsand knowledge to care for the sick and injured. The

program revolves around four main components; healthpromotion, disease prevention, risk reduction and healthrestoration. The course consists of subjects in GeneralEducation (English, Mathematics, Filipino) and

Professional Nursing (Theoretical Foundations inNursing, Nursing Care Management).


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The student will be trained to use the most important conceptin the program which is the Nursing Process (Assessment,Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation and Evaluation). The program

will also prepare the student to be able to accurately perform healthassessment, important nursing interventions, perioperative care,emergency and disaster response and medical documentation. He

will learn how to deal with patients having special needs such asthose who are suffering from mental illnesses (Bipolar Disorder,Multiple Identity Disorder) , developmental disorders (Autism),degenerative disorders (Parkinsons Disease), physical disabilities(comatose patient) and those who need palliative care (terminallyill/dying patients).

The teaching methods used are classroom discussions, returndemonstrations (an educational technique in which a studentdemonstrates what they have just been taught infront of a clinicalinstructor) and clinical exposures in different healthcare settings.


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The BSN program takes 4 years to complete. Theprogram may also be completed in less than 4 years forschools who follow a trimester curriculum.

In the year 2008, CHED (the official governing bodyof higher education institutions) released amemorandum order transforming the BS in Nursingprogram into a five year course. However, the order waslater revoked because school owners and nursing deans

stood in opposition. Instead, CHED released anEnhanced Bachelor of Science in Nursing Curriculum. Asof the moment CHED has not released any mandate onthe implementation of the new curriculum.


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1. Common Problems and Issues in Nursing

*The Major issues in nursing education are:a. Selection of students: Lack of valid tool to select proper

studentsb. Gap between theory and practice: There is vast gap between

actual theory taught in classroom and the actual practice inclinical setting

c. Student status: In most of institutions students are vitalizedfor patient services

d. Underutilization of clinical facilities in government colleges /

schoolse. Inadequate library facilitiesf. Most institutes has not own hospital for clinical practice


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*The Issues in nursing service are:

a. Poor working conditionb. Staffing level not based on standard normsc. Inadequate quality In-service education programmed. Less wagese. Lacking in formal practice guidelines

f. Work activities roles not well definedg. Deficiencies in Team workh. Inadequate use of modern technologiesi. Inadequate availability of equipment and supplies

j. Poor exposure of nurses in National conferences workshop and forumsk. Inadequate availability of scientific research findingsl. Nurses are more busy in administrative and paper works compared to bed side care,

m. Nurses are not research orientedn. Expert senior nurses are usually not involved in planning nursing manpower in an institution,o. There is not a system for scheduling planned annual leave for nursesp. Lack of autonomy and empowerment for nursing leadersq. Lack of understanding of nursing professional roles and responsibilities in generalr. Gap in the latest managerial knowledge and skills among senior nursing leaders


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*Common problems of nursing administration are:

a. Poor involvement of nursing administrators in planning and decisionmaking in the government hospital administration

b. In many institutions nursing superintendent will have no authority tosanction leave to their subordinates

c. Lack of knowledge of management of nursing administration amongnursing administrators

d. Administrators most of the time depends on the advice of clerical staff in allmatters including technical aspects

e. Prevalence of role ambiguity among administratorsf. No clear cut written nursing policies and manuals

g. Poor job description for various nursing caresh. Poor organized staff development programs which includes orientation, in-

service education, continuing education etc,.i. Poor provision of incentives like: awards, visits, praise, conferences etc.

j. Adherence to tradition


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B. FACTORS AFFECTING NURSING PRACTICE AND THE IMPLICATIONS TO THEPREPARATION OF THE NURSE PRACTITIONERS

1. Culture and Values

2. Socio-Economic, Political, Technologic Factors

3. Special Policies and Health Care Delivery System,National Health Plan


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C. CURRICULUM ISSUES AND TRENDS, FUTURE DIRECTIONS FOR CURRICULUM


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The End

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