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Myers, A. G.; Seiple, I. B.; Zhang. Z.; Jakubec, P.; Mercier, A. L. et al. Nature, 2016, 53, 338-355.
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The term ‘desmethyl’ refes to the replacement
of a methyl group with hydrogen (Me -> H).
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Andrade, R. B. Synlett., 2015, 26, 2199–2215
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Andrade’s purpose of this synthesis
-why 4-desmethyl telithromycin?-
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Figure 1
(A) telithromycin and A2058 interactions
(B) consequences of A2058G mutation
• ribosomal mutation of adenine to guanine at position 2058 resulted in a steric clash between the C-4
methyl group of the macrolide/ketolide and the exocyclic amino group of guanine (Figure 1).
• the author hypothesized that ‘mutating’ the C-4 methyl group into hydrogen (producing desmethyl
analogues) would recapitulate binding and restore bioactivity against such resistant strains.
Tu, D.; Blaha, G.; Moore, P. B.; Steitz, T. A. Cell 2005, 121, 257.
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Total Synthesis of
4-desmethyl telithromycin (4)
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Biological evaluation of desmethyl
telithromycin analogues
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Table 1 Biological evaluation of analogues of telithromycin showing Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Values for 4,8,10-
telithromycin (3), 4,10-telithromycin (4), 4,8-telithromycin (5), 4-telithromycin (6), and comparator telithromycin (2)
The total syntheses of 3-6 allowed to test the……
(1) the roles of the C-4, C-8 and C-10 methyl groups on biological activity.
(2) the desmethylation hypothesis (replacing the 4-methyl group with
hydrogen would avoid the attendant steric clash with ribosomes
bearing the A2058G mutation).
(1) as methyl groups are progressively added to the macrolide, the
antibacterial activity increase.
(2) 6 was fourfold less potent than 2 against the A2058G mutant.
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Synthetic strategy
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4.3 g 20
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17 g scale
10 g scale
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10 g scale
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17 g scale
10 g scale
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Evaluation for
antibiotic
activity
>300 fully synthetic macrolide
antibiotic candidates were
prepared to modify readily
diversifiable elements.
a majority of compounds in
the candidates exhibit
demonstrable antibiotic
activity.
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Appendix
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1,2-trans type glycosylation
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Neighboring group participation
Appendix
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Baker cyclization
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Baker, W.R.; Clark, J. D.; Stephens, R. L.; Kim. K. H. J. Org. Chem., 1988,53, 2340-2345.
Appendix
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Stereochemical of carbamate
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Figure A-1 Four low energy conformations of the unsaturated ketone (derived from erythromycin)
with calculated (MM2) energies of (A) 58.8, (B) 52.3, (C) 56.6, and (D) 53.7 kcal/mol.
Baker, W.R.; Clark, J. D.; Stephens, R. L.; Kim. K. H. J. Org. Chem., 1988,53, 2340-2345.
Appendix