PowerFLOW Simulations for the Third AIAA High Lift Prediction WorkshopAIAA SciTech 2018, January 10

Benedikt König, Ehab Fares (Exa GmbH) and Mitsuhiro Murayama, Yasushi Ito (JAXA)

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Agenda

1 Introduction of the Method

2 Grid Convergence

3 JSM - Nacelle/Pylon Effect

4 JSM - Stall Behavior Analysis

5 Summary and Outlook

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▪ Discretization• Limited set of discrete particle velocities

• Inherently unsteady

▪ Turbulence Modelling• Compute coherent, anisotropic structures

• Model universal, isotropic structures

• Two equation k-ε model (extended RNG)

▪ Grid Approach• Automatic Cartesian grid generation

• Wall function

▪ Extensions to High Subsonic and Transonic Regime

Lattice Boltzmann Method - PowerFLOW

D3Q19 Model

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Application of LBM vs RANS

Geometry

Un

stea

din

ess

RANS

LBM

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Lattice Boltzmann Method – Mesh

Grids coarsened for visualization

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▪ Cartesian Mesh

▪ Automatic generation for arbitrarily complex geometries

Lattice Boltzmann Method – Mesh

Case Number of Voxels Number of Surfels

2a 125 x 106 14.9 x 106

2c 138 x 106 18.0 x 106

Grids coarsened for visualization

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▪ NASA Trap-Wing

▪ Investigated:• Geometrical fidelity (brackets on/off)

• Transition

• Wind tunnel installation & hysteresis effects

Previous Work – HiLiftPW-1

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Previous Work – HiLiftPW-2

▪ DLR-F11

▪ Investigated:• Reynolds Number effects

• Geometrical fidelity (pressure tubes on/off)

• Transition

• Wind tunnel installation effects

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Agenda

1 Introduction of the Method

2 Grid Convergence

3 JSM - Nacelle/Pylon Effect

4 JSM - Stall Behavior Analysis

5 Summary and Outlook

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▪ Simulated case 1a at α=16°:• Significant unsteadiness requires longer

averaging than expected

▪ Long period fluctuations

▪ Grid convergence assessment based on available data• Averaging start at t = 1.5 sec (~1.6 flow

passes)

Grid Convergence Study on CRM

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▪ Error bars indicate range of fluctuations within available signal

▪ Fluctuations most likely linked to unsteady slat cove vortex behaviour (see paper for more information)

▪ Linked to • Geometry

• Flow condition

▪ Nearly straight behaviour achieved, similar to second order accuracy

Grid Convergence Study on CRM

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▪ Alternative study conducted on JSM

▪ Two angles-of-attack• 10° simple flow topology

• 18° complex flow topology (near CL,max)

▪ Convergence behaviour differs significantly with flow complexity

vortex- and separation-dominated flows affect grid convergence

Grid Convergence Study on JSM

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Agenda

1 Introduction of the Method

2 Grid Convergence

3 JSM - Nacelle/Pylon Effect

4 JSM - Stall Behavior Analysis

5 Summary and Outlook

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Case 2a – Nacelle/Pylon Off

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Stall delayed by ~2° but CL,max captured well

Pitching moment captured very well

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Case 2c – Nacelle/Pylon On

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Stall captured within 0.5°but CL,max slightly low

Pitching moment captured very well

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▪ Trends captured very well

Installation Effect - Forces

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Installation Effect – Cp @ 4.36°- Local effect on slat and

leading edge well captured- Overall very good match

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Installation Effect – Cp @ 18.58°- All installation effects well captured- Some suction peaks under-predicted

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Case 2a – Nacelle/Pylon Off – 18.58°

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Local flow structures very well captured

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Case 2c – Nacelle/Pylon On – 18.58°

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Effect of pylon/nacelle reproduced

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Case 2c – Nacelle/Pylon On – 21.57°

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Agenda

1 Introduction of the Method

2 Grid Convergence

3 JSM - Nacelle/Pylon Effect

4 JSM - Stall Behavior Analysis

5 Summary and Outlook

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Pre-Stall – 18.58°

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Flow structures on pylon well captured

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Post-Stall – 21.57°

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Stall mechanism and shape of separation very well captured

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Stall Progression

Oilflow before onset of stallUse CFD solution to illustrate stall progression

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Agenda

1 Introduction of the Method

2 Grid Convergence

3 JSM - Nacelle/Pylon Effect

4 JSM - Stall Behavior Analysis

5 Summary and Outlook

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▪ Grid convergence at high angles of attack requires long averaging time

▪ JSM configuration well suited for CFD validation• Wind tunnel interference effects seems small

▪ Integral forces well matched • CD consistently over-predicted

• Nacelle/pylon effect well captured

• CLmax good, depending on transition

• Case-dependent transition effect present

▪ Flow topology and Cp well matched

Summary

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▪ Ongoing collaborative project with JAXA

▪ Current/future investigations include:• Transition effect

• Wind tunnel installation effects, especially taking stand-off height into account

• Reynolds number scaling effects

Outlook

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Thank you