Power transmission and distribution

DnV SerVIng THe energy InDUSTrypower transmission and distribution

power transmission and distribution

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02 I energy I power transmission and distribution I

global serVices To THe MariTiMe, oil & gas aND eNergy iNDusTries

■■ Safety, health and environmental risk management ■■ enterprise risk management ■■ Asset risk management ■■ Technology qualification

■■ Verification ■■ Ship classification ■■ Offshore classification

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I power transmission and distribution I energy I 0302 I energy I power transmission and distribution I

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04 Understanding the complexity of modern power systems06 Integrating renewables and distributed energy sources08 Transmission and distribution excellence10 Cases

Society is becoming more and more dependent on reliable and high quality electricity supply. The power industry around the world continues to face an ever changing technological and regulatory environment. As a result of the efforts to combat climate change, deployments of wind, solar, tidal, wave and other power generators with variable and less certain power output are being installed and will continue to be installed on a large scale. With extensive experience from the wind and solar power industry as well as over 40 years in the offshore sector we can manage risk in the entire value chain from power generation, through transmission and distribution systems all the way to consumers, and from strategic board room assessments to detailed technical analysis.

the power to secUre electricity sUpply


DNV also provides solutions comple-mentary to T&D, covering the entire value chain from power generation all the way to power consumption. Our services are applicable to all levels of operations, from the boardroom, down to daily operation, and our clients include various stakeholders in the power system sector.

Simply put, DNV assembles the compe-tence to address the full spectrum of power system issues. We understand the complexity of modern day power sys-tems; the technical, financial, policy,

and environmental issues, and how they all interact.

Experience has shown us that capabili-ties we have in single segments, like nuclear, wind or natural gas, can be integrated and applied to provide added value to major cross-segment risk issues: operations excellence, safety management, investment decisions, energy planning, energy management, energy efficiency, and more.

Ongoing partnerships have demon-strated the value of applying cross-func-

tional risk management perspectives throughout a company's integrated management system, enhancing risk awareness, communication, and deci-sion making throughout the organisation.

Our risk management approach can help a utility company simultaneously maximise business performance while preventing or mitigating major events.

DNV’s global serVice liNeenterprise risk managementEnterprise risk management seeks to provide an overall risk picture for an enterprise. Enterprise risk management increases the value of the enterprise by supporting decision-making, reducing surprises and increasing the likelihood of meeting corporate objectives.

asset risk managementAsset risk management is about helping organisations safely and responsibly realise maximum value from facilities (assets), equipment and people without compromising safety, quality or the environment. Business unit managers and asset managers constantly have to identify new opportunities that better control operational results and associ-ated risks. Companies succeeding in

DnV offers an extensive service portfolio for electricity transmission and distribution (T&D) developments. Our team has grown into an internationally recognised multi-disciplinary team of engineers, designers and technicians providing consulting services and performing research and development in electrical power systems for established and emerging energy resources. This brochure highlights how we work with our clients to achieve T&D excellence.

Understanding the complexity of modern power systems

Generation

Thermal

Wind

Solar

Hydro

Bio fuels

Wave and tidal

Consumption

Efficiency

Transmission and Distribution

Electric power systems

Onshore components and systems

Renewable integration

Offshore components and systems

Smart grids

Power markets


operating their assets more efficiently, effectively and reliably than their competitors will be better positioned to secure long-term success.

Technology qualificationTechnology qualification is a structured process providing evidence that the technology will function within specific limits with an acceptable level of confi-dence. The service line covers new technologies that exceed normal design code ranges or operational experience as well as proven technolog-ies. DNV assists clients in identifying, understanding and efficiently manag-ing risk focusing on maximizing oppor-tunities and avoiding losses.

Hse risk Management HSE Risk Management addresses key aspects related to identification, assess-ment and management of issues with potential inherent health, safety and environmental impacts.

Verification Verification comprises activities aiming at satisfying the expectations or requirements of owners, authorities and other stakeholders in terms of safety, environmental protection and functionality. It includes services towards plants, suppliers and manufac-turers, products and operations.

Due diligenceCompanies considering acquiring, investing or providing project finance often commission independent expert consultants to provide project due diligence services. At DNV, we provide an improved understanding of the risks and risk mitigation measures, thereby contributing to improved investment decisions.

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leVeragiNg iN-House wiND aND solar experTiseDNV delivers transmission and distri-bution consulting services to investor-owned and public power utilities and power generation projects, with spe-cial emphasis on renewable energy integration and grid interconnection. By leveraging in-house wind and solar expertise, we bring a unique combina-tion of skills to renewable energy projects from development through implementation.

beiNg aT THe forefroNTDNV is investing heavily in research on how to secure power supply while mitigating climate change. One issue being approached is the challenge to store surplus energy from variable-output renewable energy sources and release that energy during peak demand periods, while other areas include offshore transmission grid and subsea power systems for the oil and gas industry. Utilising DNV’s in-house expertise on hydro power, we can support developments of pumped hydro storage. DNV has also per-formed research in Smart Grids, Compressed Air Energy Storage

(CAES) and batteries as well as new methods of assessing performance of complex power systems.

iNTegraTioN approacH aND cusToMer beNefiTsstrategic value analysisStrategic Value Analysis (SVA) is a methodology to strategically locate new renewable technologies close to transmission “hot spots” or congestion zones to improve transmission reliabil-ity while meeting the target renewable penetration levels.

By using a Geographical Information System (GIS), locations can be found where renewables can provide trans-mission benefits by reducing over-loads and also prioritise the renewable location. Resource adequacy, plan-ning reserves and ancillary services can also be evaluated.

The SVA can:■■ Evaluate the costs and grid impacts of bringing renewables into the electricity system while addressing renewable penetration targets

■■ Act as a transparent and common methodology for renewable energy

developers, utilities and affected agencies to evaluate magnitudes, locations and impacts or benefits of renewables being used to meet renewable targets

■■ Provide information that may be helpful to renewable developers and utilities involved in assessing “least-cost, best-fit” approaches to selecting renewables to meet renewable targets

■■ Benefit from perspectives, datasets and information being developed by study groups

■■ Be a useful tool in identifying potential transmission congestion and problems that may occur as renewable penetration increases, and in finding ways to help reduce or mitigate those problems.

intermittency analysisIntermittency Analysis (IA) is sce-nario-based studies to examine region-, state- or country-wide system impacts of higher levels of intermit-tent renewables on the transmission grid. The analysis provides a frame-work for operators, utilities and plan-ners to gauge the needs of the future electric power system.

integrating renewables and distribUted energy soUrcesMore than 80 countries have policies to promote power generation from renewable energy sources. Wind, solar radiation, waves, tides and water flow in rivers vary over time. This can pose a significant risk to security of power supply when the level of variable-output renewable energy sources exceeds some 10–20% of electricity demand, depending on power system flexibility (generator mix) and interconnections. Significant challenges can occur when renewable energy output is ramping down while load is ramping up (and vice versa) and when wind power plants are shut down during storms. A high penetration of other distributed energy sources adds to the complexity.


The SVA is expanded to analyse the intermittency of resources on the trans-mission reliability through time sequen-tial power flow analysis. The method-ology analyses the correlation of intermittent resources by region and load to determine the impacts to relia-bility. The duration and magnitude of transmission outages under contingency analysis can be evaluated to determine the proper solution (upgrading, curtail-ments or remedial action schemes).

Transmission expansion requirementsBased on SVA and IA, transmission expansion requirements for develop-ment of renewable zones can be deter-mined. By analyzing renewables zones, “least regrets” transmission plans can be developed that provide reliability while meeting renewable targets. This allows agencies and utilities to prioritize trans-mission expansion. The goal is to deter-mine where new transmission expansion and environmental studies should be concentrated so that, regardless of the exact location of the renewable develop-ment, major transmission would be con-structed and available for renewable resources.

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we HaVe THe Tools To MaxiMise T&D perforMaNceOur electrical engineers are proficient with several power system computer analysis tools, including PSS/ETM, PSS/SincalTM, Synergee ElectricTM, PSLFTM, Powerworld SimulatorTM, ASPEN OneLinerTM, PSIMTM and DIgSILENT PowerFactoryTM, and Matlab-Simulink to perform power system analyses on all voltage levels in generation, conversion, transmission and distribution systems.

Our clients are leading utility companies in the electric power industry worldwide, including:■■ Investor-owned electric utilities and public power agencies

■■ State, federal and national government agencies and regulators

■■ Wind and photovoltaic project developers and component manufacturers

■■ Renewable energy project financiers■■ National laboratories■■ Other professional service providers (legal, insurance, engineering and certification).

leVeragiNg our iN-House offsHore experTiseLarge offshore wind power plants are increasingly being installed far from shore, in deeper waters and in harsher environmental conditions. For oil and gas, exploration in more remote, deeper and harsher environments will increase the risk exposure, especially when high voltage equipment is placed subsea. Governmental requirements to electrify oil and gas installations to meet stringent emission requirements will further expose oil and gas compa-nies to power supply related risks.

Working with the oil and gas industry for decades, DNV has built a broad competence base in offshore and subsea technology. By leveraging DNV’s in-house offshore expertise, we can bring unique experience to pro-jects developing offshore and subsea power systems. We provide services ranging from strategic alternatives, concept evaluation, product develop-ment and installation to operation and maintenance.

One example of how we can leverage our offshore expertise is our services to manage risks of offshore cables (e.g. routing, installation and protec-

tion) based on our extensive experi-ence with offshore pipelines. We also add value by improving the availability of offshore power systems by optimis-ing the reliability and maintainability of system configurations.

T&D serVicesOur T&D services include, amongst others, power flow, short circuit, harmonic analysis, transient stability calculations as well as system compo-nent model development. With exten-sive experience from the wind and solar power industries we have capa-bilities of conducting advanced renew-able energy grid integration studies. We maintain a hardware prototyping facility to support our design and engineering services for equipment manufacturers.■■ Transmission interconnection studies (power flow, short circuit, voltage drop/increase analysis, harmonic analysis, converter based DC transmission lines analysis, transient stability also with respect to in system control methods)

■■ System components (including available control method) Model Development for EMTP, PSLF, PSS/E Analysis Platforms and Power Factory and Synergee Electric

transmission and distribUtion excellenceWe are set to meet the existing and emerging challenges in electric power systems worldwide, by specialising in Transmission and Distribution (T&D) issues including renewable energy integration, power system planning, distributed generation, power conversion and power electronics. Our projects range from distributed energy resources connected at the distribution level to bulk power generation interconnected at transmission voltages.


■■ Development of project-specific technical data for large and small generator interconnection request

■■ Renewable energy grid integration studies, including national grid codes fulfillment

■■ Standards development and working with industry bodies (IEC, IEEE, UL, EN, CENELEC, CIGRE)

■■ Intellectual property strategy and development

■■ Renewable energy project feasibility and economic assessment

■■ Reliability, Availability and Maintainability (RAM) of power grid infrastructure both on- and offshore

■■ Qualification and development of design codes for offshore and subsea power system components, such as subsea connectors and dynamic high voltage AC and DC cables

■■ Subsea cable risk management; routing, installation and protection

■■ Certification of offshore substations for wind farms

■■ Due diligence.

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NorTHerN regioN califorNia iNTegraTioN of reNewables

ClIEnT: califorNia eNergy coMMissioN

cHalleNgeestimate statewide system impacts of higher levels of intermittent renewables on the California transmission grid.

Find out where new transmis-sion expansion and environ-mental studies should be concentrated.

DNV's approacHAnalyses the correlation of intermittent resources by region and load to determine the proper solution (upgrad-ing, curtailments or remedial action schemes).

Value To THe clieNTThe analysis provides a frame-work for operators, utilities and planners to gauge the needs of the future 2020 system.

enables agencies and utilities to prioritise transmission expansion, determining where new transmission expansion and environmental studies should be concen-trated so that major transmis-sion would be constructed and available for renewable resources.

aVailabiliTy of power supply

ClIEnT: sTaTNeTT sf (THe NorwegiaN Tso)

cHalleNgeStatnett wanted to assess the availability of power supply to offshore consumers using a novel network of floating DC/AC converter nodes, creating a DC grid supplying AC power to the consumer.

DNV's approacHThe availability of the power supplies was estimated by a reliability, Availability and Maintainability (rAM) analy-sis, considering the reliability of system components and the corresponding maintain-ability. By considering differ-ent system configurations an improved availability could be achieved. Inputs were gath-ered and the system simu-lated in extendSim.

Value To THe clieNTAvailability estimates will be measured against use of alternative – traditional – means of electrification, e.g. gas turbines or a radial con-nection to shore. This will then be used in marketing the solution to offshore customers.

cases

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10 I energy I power transmission and distribution I I power transmission and distribution I energy I 11

HigH peNeTraTioN pV iNiTiaTiVe ClIEnT: sMuD, Heco, Meco, Helco

cHalleNgeDevelop methodology, visualisation and modeling capabilities to investigate and analyse the potential impacts of high PV penetrations on individual distribution feeders and the entire distribution grid. Modeling requirements define feeder grid character-istics of each single phase and poly-phase inverter on the grid.

DNV's approacHDevelop A) modeling capabil-ity to rapidly determine PV impact associated with feed-ers and the entire distribution grid, and B) a standard methodology and process for utilities to find cost effective and reliable integration solutions and communicate options with developers, federal/state agencies and other interested parties. Analysis includes circuit voltage impacts, regulation, flicker, islanding, fault current, transient analysis, tap change-capacitor bank-inverter coordination.

Value To THe clieNTDefine the positive and negative impacts of high penetration solar generation on the distribution network. enabling appropriate capabil-ity to reliably plan and oper-ate with large shares of

variable renewable resources on the grid especially during high impact conditions (e.g. variable weather, peak loads, minimum loads, contingencies).

SMUD: Sacramento Municipal Utility District HECO: Hawaiian Electric Company MECO: Maui Electric Company HElCO: Hawaii Electric light Company

rp for power cables iN offsHore DyNaMic applicaTioNs

ClIEnT: JoiNT iNDusTry proJecT (Jip) parTNers

cHalleNgeThe need to supply electrical power subsea in connection with oil and gas exploration is increasing resulting in a need to fit power cables with larger capacity. However, there are at present no stand-ards or guidelines available for the design and qualificat-ion of such cables when used subsea and in dynamic appli-cations (i.e. the cable is not supported and static, but suspended).

DNV's approacHDnV developed a recommended Practice (guideline) for the design of such cables. Workshops were held with the participants in which the functional require-ments were defined and drafts of the procedure dis-cussed as they developed.

Value To THe clieNTDnV will supply a recommended Practice that together with ISO 13 628-5 and relevant IeC standards provides a self-contained set of standards and recommen-dations for the design and qualification of cable designs for subsea dynamic applications.

jIP PArTnerS:• Aker Solutions• DUCO• ExxonMobil• Shell• Statoil• Nexans• NSW• Draka• Woodside©

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DET NORSKE VERITASnO-1322 Høvik, norway I Tel: +47 67 57 99 00 I Fax: +47 67 57 99 11www.dnv.com

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THIS IS DnVDnV is a global provider of services for managing risk, helping customers to safely and responsibly improve their business performance. Our core competence is to identify assess and advise on risk management. DnV is an independent foundation with presence in more than 100 countries.

■■ Safety, health and environmental risk management

■■ enterprise risk management

■■ Asset risk management ■■ Technology qualification ■■ Verification

■■ Ship classification ■■ Offshore classification

global serVices to the maritime, oil & gas and energy indUstries

main worldwide offices

BeW is a specialist research, development and consulting firm focusing on distributed generation, renewable energy systems, power electronics, high

voltage power transmission and power system planning. BeW was acquired by DnV in 2010.

© Det norske Veritas AS. Design: Coor Service Management/graphic Services 1101-046. Frontcover: getty Images

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