Power transmission
Transcript of Power transmission
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Power Transmissions
& TransformersLauren Van Manen
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How Does Electricity Get to Us?
• Our TV’s, computers, cell phones, Nintendo’s, refrigerators, the lights in our home…
• What’s going on to make the ‘ON’ switch work?
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Production & Distribution!
• Electricity first must be produced at a power plant
• In order for us to receive this power, the power generated from the plant must be distributed.
• You may have noticed that almost everywhere you look, power lines are crisscrossed throughout; in our towns, cities, and entire county lines.
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How is the energy produced?
• That energy made at the power plant isn’t made from nothing!
• Large generators spin to produce energy with a voltage of about 25,000 volts.
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What’s a volt, anyway?
• Volt = the measurement of electromotive force in electricity.
• This is the electric force that “pushes” electrons around a circuit.
• Named after AlessandoVolta, an Italian physicstwho invented the first battery.
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What happens next?• The voltage originally
produced at the generator of 25,000 volts isn’t quite enough, so there is another step:
• At the power plant, the electricity gets transported to a transformer that boosts, or “transforms,” the voltage up to 400,000 volts!
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Why do we need more voltage?
• Think about it: We need our electricity to travel far distances at high speeds
• When electricity travels long distances, it is more efficient to be transferred at high voltages.
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Is any electricity lost along the way?
• Transmission lines, or more casually referred to as power lines, are made of thick copper or aluminum cables
• Copper and aluminum have a low resistance
• The higher the resistance of a wire, the warmer it gets.
• This causes some electrical energy to get lost because it is transferred into heat energy.
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Substations• After the voltage is
high enough, the power lines go into substations near high-traffic areas, such as businesses, factories, and homes.
• At these substations, transformers change high voltage electricity back to low voltage electricity.
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Substations!
• Now, electricity in differing power levels from those substations can be used for daily life, such as for trains and traffic lights.
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Is it home yet?
• Close to home, a small transformer mounted on a pole or in a utility box converts the power to even lower levels to be used in your home.
• Voltage is eventually reduced to 220 volts for things like your stove and clothing dryer.
• 110 Volts for lights, TV’s and other small appliances.
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Underground Lines
• Due to modern technology, some new distribution lines are now underground.
• Not only are these not an eyesore, but they are protected from bad weather; such as high winds and ice storms.
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How is electricity regulated?
• When electricity enters your home, it must pass through a meter.
• After being metered, the electricity goes through a fuse box into your home.
• The fuse box protects the house in case of problems.
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Review!
• Electricity is generated at a power plant at 25,000 volts.
• Substations transform high voltages back to low voltages
• Electricity is transferred more efficiently at high voltages.
• The lower the resistance, the less energy lost.
• Voltage is a push force!
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Works Cited:
• www.energyquest.ca.gov/story/chapter07.html
• Conceptual Physics textbook
• Google Images