Power Supply and automatic Voltage · PDF fileAVC Automatic voltage control a. varies the...
Transcript of Power Supply and automatic Voltage · PDF fileAVC Automatic voltage control a. varies the...
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Power Supply and automatic Voltage
ControlControl
12-09-13
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ESP Controls
Understanding ESP ControlsUnderstanding ESP Controls
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Power Supply System
�The power supply system is designed to provide voltage to the electrical
field (or bus section) at the highest possible level.
� The voltage must be controlled to avoid causing sustained arcing or
sparking between the electrodes and the collecting plates.
�Precipitator power system animated schematic showing representative
components.
•When electrical fields are in series, the power supply for each field can be
adjusted to optimize operation of that field.
• Likewise, having more than one electrical bus section in parallel allows
adjustments to compensate for their differences, so that power input can
be optimized.
Donnerstag, 12. September
2013
Fußzeilentext 3
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Components
The power supply system has four basic components:
� Automatic voltage control
� Step-up transformer
� High-voltage rectifier
� Sensing device
� Voltage control� Voltage control
Donnerstag, 12. September
2013
Fußzeilentext 4
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AVC
Automatic voltage control
a. varies the power to the transformer-rectifier
b. in response to signals received from sensors in the precipitator and
the transformer-rectifier itself.
c. monitors the electrical conditions inside the precipitator,
d. protects the internal components from arc-over damages, and
e. protects the transformer-rectifier and other components in the
primary circuit.
Donnerstag, 12. September
2013
Fußzeilentext 5
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AVC Contd�.
The ideal automatic voltage control would produce
a. maximum collecting efficiency by holding the operating voltage of the
precipitator at a level just below the spark-over voltage.
b. this level cannot be achieved given that conditions change from
moment to moment.
c. Instead, the automatic voltage control increases output from the
transformer-rectifier until a spark occurs. transformer-rectifier until a spark occurs.
d. Then the control resets to a lower power level, and the power
increases again until the next spark occurs.
Donnerstag, 12. September
2013
Fußzeilentext 6
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Automatic Voltage Controllers (for Electrostatic Precipitators)
An electronic device used to control the application of D.C. power into a
field of an electrostatic precipitator.
Functions:
• Optimize power application:- to deliver as much useful electrical power to
the corresponding field(s) as possible.the corresponding field(s) as possible.
• Spark reaction – When the voltage applied to the field is too high for the
conditions at the time, a spark over (or corona discharge) will occur.
Detrimentally high amounts of current can occur during a spark over if not
properly controlled, which could damage the fields.
A voltage controller will monitor the primary and secondary voltage and
current of the circuit, and detect a spark over condition.
Once detected, the power applied to the field will be immediately cut off or
reduced, which will stop the spark.
7
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After a short amount of time the power will be ramped back up, and the
process will start over.
• Protect system components by adhering to component limitations –
The Transformer Rectifier set (TR set) can be damaged by excessive
amounts of current or voltage flowing through it.
• Each TR set has voltage and current limits established by the
manufacturer, which are labeled on an attached nameplate.manufacturer, which are labeled on an attached nameplate.
• These nameplate limit values (typically primary and secondary current,
and voltage) are programmed into the voltage controller.
• Tripping – When a condition occurs that the voltage controller cannot
control, often times the voltage controller will trip.
• A trip means the voltage controller (by way of the contactor) will shut
off the individual precipitator power circuit.
•A short inside the electrostatic precipitator field caused by a fallen
discharge electrode (wire), or a shorted out Silicone Controlled Rectifier
are examples of conditions that a voltage controller cannot control.Donnerstag, 12. September
2013
Fußzeilentext 8
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Efficiency vs. Specific Corona Power
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AVC Cabinet, CLR & T/R Set
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Typical SCR-CLR Electrical System
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Typical SCR-CLR Electrical System
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How to Tell The Difference?
Iron Vane
Movement
RMS
D’Arsonval
Average
The Meter Scale Distance is not the Same on the RMS
Meter
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Primary Current Meter
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Finding the Primary Current Waveform
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Primary Current – A Chopped Sine Wave
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Primary Current Waveform - Positive
and Negative Half-Cycles = SCR 1 and
SCR 2
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Secondary Current Meter
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Finding the mA Signal
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Secondary Current – Pulsating DC
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Typical Primary and Secondary current
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Secondary Voltage Meter
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Current Limit - mA & KV
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Secondary Voltage Waveforms – True Negative
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Next – The Automatic Voltage Control
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The Automatic Voltage Control
The AVC
is the BRAINis the BRAIN
of the ESP
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Older Analog AVC
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Microprocessor Based AVC
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The AVC has 2 Jobs to Execute
• Control the amount of sparking in the ESP.
• If a T/R set is not sparking, then its AVC
should be pushing that T/R set to one of its
pre-set, healthy limits (volts, amps, KV, mA,pre-set, healthy limits (volts, amps, KV, mA,
or firing angle).
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The AVC feedback?
But how does the AVC know
what’s happening in the
ESP?
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The mA signal is its eyes!
Transformer Rectifier Set
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AVC Cabinet, CLR & T/R Set
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AVC Spark Response
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Good Initial Settings for an AVC
1.Quench = 1 Full Cycle
2. Fast Ramp = 5 or 6 Half Cycles
3. Setback = 15 to 20%
4. Spark Rate = 30SPM
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Proper AVC Response to Sparking
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Spark Response - Secondary Current
Waveform
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Spark Response - Secondary Current
and Voltage Waveforms
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Typical Spark Response - mA & KV
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Further Control – A Search Ramp Rate
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Spit Spark Response (mA)Ramp Rate
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Spit Spark Response - Secondary
Current and Voltage Waveforms
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Examples of AVC ’s at a LimitExamples of AVC ’s at a Limit
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AVC SPARK LIMITED – DOING IT’S JOB
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T/R Current Limited with Sparking
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T-R CURRENT LIMITED WITHOUT
SPARKING
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T-R VOLTAGE LIMITED WITH
SPARKING
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What is meant by “Healthy Limits?”
• Primary or Secondary Limit is not healthy
when accompanied by a Primary Voltage level< 90 VAC or a
Secondary level < 12KV. It usually indicates a short circuit.
• Secondary Voltage Limit is not healthy when
there is very little Secondary Current. It usually
indicates an open circuit.indicates an open circuit.
• Neither condition is aiding in particle capture
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The T-R Set
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Transformer Rectifier (T/R) Set
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Inside T/R Tank
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High Voltage Transformer
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Diode Stack
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T/R Set -Low Voltage Junction Box
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Low Voltage Junction Box
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T/R Nameplate
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The KV Meter
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Voltage Divider
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SCR’S
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SCR
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Typical Sine Wave
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SCR: Low Voltage to T-R Set
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SCR: High Power to T-R Set
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The CLR
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Current Limiting Reactor (CLR)
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Current Limiting Reactor
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Current Limiting Reactor at T-R Set
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SCR’s are why CLR’s are Needed
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Electrical Basics: CLR
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CLR Function
• Limit short circuit current
• Shape T/R secondary wave to be more
Sinusoidal
• Provide proper form factor
• Protect SCRs and T/R diodes from steep
current rise
• Increase precipitator voltage and current
• Not to be confused with air core reactor
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CLR – Waveform Changes with Impedance
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Proper CLR Sizes for Common T/R
Sets
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Basic Troubleshooting
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TR Nameplate Values
(For this exercise)
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Close Clearance
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Conductive Dust, Outlet Field
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Bad KV Return
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Open
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Normal Running
Condition
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SCRs Not Firing
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Thank You.