PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING

PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERINGMANAGEMENT & SCIENCE UNIVERSITYJOSAI UNIVERSITYBACHELOR OF PHARMACY (BPH)05 NOVEMBER 2015

AHDA S (012014052233) ANNISA H (012014052438) CC JET (012014052225) IFFAH U (012014052231) M SHAFIQ (012014052491) N NABIHAH (012014052223)

M I X I N G

T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S

E X I T

I N T R O D U C T I O NA. I N T R O D U C T I O N

Operation in which two or more components in a separate or roughly mixed condition are treated so that each particle lies as nearly as possible in contact with a particle of each of the other ingredient.D E F IN I T I O N

O B J E CT I V E SProduce simple physical mixtureProduce physical changeProduce dispersionPromote chemical reaction

B. T Y P E S & M E C H A N I S MT Y P E S

MECHANISMSConvective mixing will involved a bulk transport groups of particles in fluid mixing. This process will used any method of moving large mass of material from one part of powder bed to another.Convective mixing (macro mixing)Shear forces are created within the mass of the material by using agitator arm or a blast of air. Shear mixingFreud-vector (high shear granulator) The materials are tilted to ensure the upper layer to slip and diffusion of individual particles will take place at the new developed surfaces.Diffusive mixing (micro mixing)

C. L I Q U I D M I X I N GThere are two stages occur in liquid mixing which are;Mixing of liquids can be divided into two subgroups, which are;

The most widely used form of mixers for liquids of low viscosity. Mixing is in a short time Operate at a very high speed which is up to 8000 r.p.m.

Disadvantages Not effective with liquids of viscosity greater than 5 pascals.second such as glycerin and castor oil.

E Q U I P M E N T SThe material present in the containers is agitated either by an oscillatory (for small scale mixing) or by a rotary movement (large scale mixing). It has limited use in industry. Shaker MixerPropeller Mixer

Advantages:Effective for high viscous solutions with a wide range of viscosities up to 7,oo pascal.seconds. Give greater shearing forces than propellers.They are more suitable for preparation of emulsions. E Q U I P M E N T SAdvantages Vortex formation is not possible. It has low speed.

DisadvantagesMixing of the suspensions is poor, thus, baffled tanks are required.

Paddle MixerTurbine Mixer

Definition: Process in which two or more solid substances are combine together to produce a homogenous mixture or continuous movement of the particles.

Main objective: Produce a bulk mixture which when divide into different doses, every unit of divided doses must contain the correct proportion of each ingredient.

Improper mixing process results in non-homogenous product that lacks of consistency like chemical composition, texture, flavor, color, particle size and the most important is pharmacological effect.M I X I N GD. S O L I D

The mechanism of this mixer is tilting the materials by rotating the vessel until the angle of surface exceeds the origin angle when the surface layers particles will slide to the bottom area. E Q U I P M E N T SAdvantages Commonly use for free flowing materials with uniform size and density.Can clear the material from the surface or mixing vessel

DisadvantagesShear force isnt high result in present of aggregatesTumbling Mixer

Agitator Mixer

F A C T O R S A F F E C T I N G

E. S E M I - S O L I D M I X I N GT h e o r i e s

E. S E M I - S O L I D M I X I N GT h e o r i e s

E Q U I P M E N T S

1. Agitator Mixers

Planetary MixerSigma MixerAdvantages Creates a minimum dead space during mixing. There is close tolerance between the blades and the sidewalls as well as the bottom of the mixer shell.

DisadvantageSigma mixers work at a fixed speed. AdvantageWork at varying speeds.More useful for wet granulation

Disadvantages Planetary mixers require high power. Mechanical heat is built up within the powder mix. Use is limited to batch work only

E Q U I P M E N T S

2. Shear Mixers

Triple-roller MixerColloidal MixerAdvantages Extremely fine particle distribution through optimal shear force. High capacity with minimal space requirements. Rapid handling and easy cleaning. Virtually unlimited application due to highly flexible homogenization system. Rollers are fitted in such a way that they come in close contact with each other and rotate at different speeds. The material which comes in-between the rollers is crushed and reduced in particle size. Advantages: The triple roller mill produces very uniform dispersion and is suitable for continuous processes.

E Q U I P M E N T S

3. Ultrasonic Mixers

The material is subjected to ultrasonic vibrations and is applicable in the preparation of emulsion.

Thank You

Terima Kasih

Dank

Merci

Gracias

Danke

Salamat

Dankie

Bedankt

Go Raibh Maith Agat

Grazie