Power plant, Power Station and types of power plant

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Power Plant Power Plant

description

Power Plant or Power station? Do you know how electricity can be produced from different power plants and different prime energy sources. There are many types of power plants like - Thermal power plant, Nuclear power plant, Geothermal power plant, Bio gas power plant, Hydro power plant etc. From these power plants the prime moving energy source are different like - Heat, water, air, bio gas heat etc. Different components of power plants are described briefly which are the core of the electricity generation. A complete guidelines are provided regarding power or electricity.

Transcript of Power plant, Power Station and types of power plant

Page 1: Power plant, Power Station and types of power plant

Power PlantPower Plant

Page 2: Power plant, Power Station and types of power plant

DefinitionDefinition

A power station (also referred to as a A power station (also referred to as a generating station, power plant, powerhouse or generating station, power plant, powerhouse or generating plant) is an industrial facility for generating plant) is an industrial facility for the generation of electric power. the generation of electric power.

Hydraulic Energy / Thermal Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electrical EnergyHydraulic Energy / Thermal Energy -> Mechanical Energy -> Electrical Energy

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Unit collection of Power PlantUnit collection of Power Plant

There may be several units which are There may be several units which are described below – described below –

1.1. Energy source (Heat, wind, water etc.)Energy source (Heat, wind, water etc.)2.2. TurbineTurbine3. Generator (3. Generator (a rotating machine that converts a rotating machine that converts

mechanical power into electrical power by mechanical power into electrical power by creating relative motion between a magnetic creating relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductorfield and a conductor))

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Types of Power PlantTypes of Power Plant

1. On the Basis of Primary Source / Fuel –1. On the Basis of Primary Source / Fuel –

(a.) Nuclear Power Plants(a.) Nuclear Power Plants

(b.) Geothermal Power Plants(b.) Geothermal Power Plants

(c.) Fossil-Fuel Power Plants(c.) Fossil-Fuel Power Plants

(d.) Biomass-Fuelled Power Plants(d.) Biomass-Fuelled Power Plants

(e.) Solar Thermal Power Plants(e.) Solar Thermal Power Plants

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2.On the Basis of Prime Mover2.On the Basis of Prime Mover

(a.) Steam Turbine Power Plants(a.) Steam Turbine Power Plants(b.) Gas Turbine Power Plants (b.) Gas Turbine Power Plants (c.) Combined Cycle Power Plants (c.) Combined Cycle Power Plants (d.) Internal combustion reciprocating engines are used for small (d.) Internal combustion reciprocating engines are used for small

cogeneration plants likes - Hospitals, office buildings, cogeneration plants likes - Hospitals, office buildings, industrial plants, and other critical facilities.industrial plants, and other critical facilities.

(e.) Micro turbines, Stirling engine and internal combustion (e.) Micro turbines, Stirling engine and internal combustion reciprocating engines are low-cost solutions for using reciprocating engines are low-cost solutions for using opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas from water opportunity fuels, such as landfill gas, digester gas from water treatment plants and waste gas from oil productiontreatment plants and waste gas from oil production..

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3. On the Basis of Duty 3. On the Basis of Duty

(a.) Base Load Power Plants(a.) Base Load Power Plants - - Base Load Power Plants run nearly Base Load Power Plants run nearly

continually to provide that component of system load that doesn't vary continually to provide that component of system load that doesn't vary during a day or week.during a day or week.

(b.) Peaking Power Plants(b.) Peaking Power Plants - - Peaking power plants meet the daily peak Peaking power plants meet the daily peak

load, which may only be for a one or two hours each day. While their load, which may only be for a one or two hours each day. While their incremental operating cost is always higher than base load plantsincremental operating cost is always higher than base load plants

(c.) Load Following Power Plants(c.) Load Following Power Plants - - Load following power plants can Load following power plants can economically follow the variations in the daily and weekly load, at lower economically follow the variations in the daily and weekly load, at lower cost than peaking plants and with more flexibility than base load plants.cost than peaking plants and with more flexibility than base load plants.

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Performance EfficienciesPerformance Efficiencies

All thermal power plants produce waste heat All thermal power plants produce waste heat energy as a by product of the useful electrical energy as a by product of the useful electrical energy produced. The amount of waste heat energy produced. The amount of waste heat energy equals or exceeds the amount of energy energy equals or exceeds the amount of energy converted into useful electricity . converted into useful electricity . Gas-fired Gas-fired power plants power plants can achievecan achieve “50%” “50%” conversion conversion efficiency while efficiency while coal and oil plants coal and oil plants achieve achieve around around “30–49%”.“30–49%”.

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Cooling Process / Cooling TowerCooling Process / Cooling Tower

(a.) Water Cooled (a.) Water Cooled

(b.) Mechanical Induced (b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling Draft Wet Cooling

(c.) Air Cooled(c.) Air Cooled

Natural draft wet cooling tower

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(a.) Water Cooled -(a.) Water Cooled - many nuclear power plants and large fossil many nuclear power plants and large fossil fuel-fired power plants use large hyperboloid chimney - like structures that fuel-fired power plants use large hyperboloid chimney - like structures that release the waste heat to the ambient atmosphere by the evaporation of water.release the waste heat to the ambient atmosphere by the evaporation of water.

(b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling -(b.) Mechanical Induced Draft Wet Cooling - Many power Many power plants use plants use fans to provide air movement upward through down coming water, and are not fans to provide air movement upward through down coming water, and are not hyperboloid chimney-like structures.hyperboloid chimney-like structures.

(c.) Air Cooled(c.) Air Cooled – – In areas with restricted water use, a dry cooling tower or In areas with restricted water use, a dry cooling tower or directly air-cooled radiators may be necessary. These coolers have lower directly air-cooled radiators may be necessary. These coolers have lower efficiency and higher energy consumption to drive fans, compared to a typical efficiency and higher energy consumption to drive fans, compared to a typical wet, evaporative cooling tower.wet, evaporative cooling tower.

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Thermal Power PlantThermal Power Plant

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Thermal Power PlantThermal Power Plant

A thermal power station is a A thermal power station is a power plant in which the power plant in which the prime mover is steam prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is where it was heated; this is known as aknown as a Rankine cycle Rankine cycle..

T – S diagram of Rankine Cycle

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Components of a Thermal Power PlantComponents of a Thermal Power Plant

1. Cooling tower 1. Cooling tower

2. Cooling water pump2. Cooling water pump

3. transmission line (3-phase)3. transmission line (3-phase)

4. Step-up transformer (3-phase)4. Step-up transformer (3-phase)

5. Electrical generator (3-phase)5. Electrical generator (3-phase)

6. Low pressure steam turbine6. Low pressure steam turbine

7. Condensate pump7. Condensate pump

8. Surface condenser8. Surface condenser

9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine9. Intermediate pressure steam turbine

10. Steam Control valve10. Steam Control valve

11. High pressure steam turbine11. High pressure steam turbine

12. De aerator12. De aerator

13. Feed water heater13. Feed water heater

14. Boiler steam drum14. Boiler steam drum

15. Super heater15. Super heater

16. Forced draught (draft) fan16. Forced draught (draft) fan

17. Re heater17. Re heater

18. Combustion air intake18. Combustion air intake

19. Induced draught (draft) fan19. Induced draught (draft) fan

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2.Nuclear Thermal Power Plant2.Nuclear Thermal Power Plant

The heat is produced by The heat is produced by fission in a nuclear fission in a nuclear reactor (a light water reactor (a light water reactor). Directly or reactor). Directly or indirectly, water vapour indirectly, water vapour (steam) is produced. (steam) is produced. The pressurized steam is The pressurized steam is then usually fed to a then usually fed to a multi-stage steam multi-stage steam turbine.turbine.

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Nuclear ReactorsNuclear Reactors

A nuclear reactor is a A nuclear reactor is a device to initiate and device to initiate and control a sustained control a sustained nuclear chain reaction. nuclear chain reaction. The most common use The most common use of nuclear reactors is for of nuclear reactors is for the generation of the generation of electric energy and for electric energy and for the propulsion of ships. the propulsion of ships. The nuclear reactor is The nuclear reactor is the heart of the plant.the heart of the plant.

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Hydraulic Power Plant / HydroelectricityHydraulic Power Plant / Hydroelectricity

The production of The production of electrical power through electrical power through the use of the the use of the gravitational force of gravitational force of falling or flowing water. falling or flowing water. It is the most widely It is the most widely used form of renewable used form of renewable energy.energy.

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Generating Methods of Hydroelectricity Generating Methods of Hydroelectricity

Conventional ( dams )Conventional ( dams ) - - Most hydroelectric power comes from Most hydroelectric power comes from the potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and the potential energy of dammed water driving a water turbine and generator.generator.

Pumped-Storage - Pumped-Storage - This method produces electricity to supply high This method produces electricity to supply high peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.peak demands by moving water between reservoirs at different elevations.

Run-of-the-River - Run-of-the-River - Run of the river hydropower could provide Run of the river hydropower could provide potential to drive the turbine.potential to drive the turbine.

Tide Tide - - A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean A tidal power plant makes use of the daily rise and fall of ocean water due to tides.water due to tides.

Underground - Underground - AAn underground power station makes use of a large n underground power station makes use of a large natural height difference between two waterways, such as a waterfall or natural height difference between two waterways, such as a waterfall or mountain lake. mountain lake.

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Geothermal Power PlantGeothermal Power Plant

Geothermal electricity is Geothermal electricity is electricity generated electricity generated from geothermal from geothermal energy. Technologies in energy. Technologies in use include dry steam use include dry steam power plants, flash power plants, flash steam power plants and steam power plants and binary cycle power binary cycle power plants. plants.

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Types of Geothermal Power PlantTypes of Geothermal Power Plant

(1.) Dry Steam Power Plant -(1.) Dry Steam Power Plant -They directly use geothermal steam of 150°C or They directly use geothermal steam of 150°C or greater to turn turbines.greater to turn turbines.

(2.) Flash Steam Power Plants - (2.) Flash Steam Power Plants - Flash steam plants pull deep, high-pressure Flash steam plants pull deep, high-pressure hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive hot water into lower-pressure tanks and use the resulting flashed steam to drive turbines. They require fluid temperatures of at least 180°C, usually more.turbines. They require fluid temperatures of at least 180°C, usually more.

(3.)Binary Cycle Power Plants - (3.)Binary Cycle Power Plants - The moderately hot geothermal water is The moderately hot geothermal water is passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This passed by a secondary fluid with a much lower boiling point than water. This causes the secondary fluid to flash vaporize, which then drives the turbines. causes the secondary fluid to flash vaporize, which then drives the turbines.

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For more visitFor more visit www.studyhubz.comwww.studyhubz.com

Thank YouThank YouA Power Point Presentation ByA Power Point Presentation By

Yogendra Singh ShekhawatYogendra Singh Shekhawat

B. Tech, Mechanical EngineeringB. Tech, Mechanical Engineering