Power Genertaion using Nanofiber

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Power Generation using Nanofiber Presentation Based on

Transcript of Power Genertaion using Nanofiber

Page 1: Power Genertaion using Nanofiber

Power Generation using

Nanofiber

Presentation Based on

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Contents Introduction

project Background

History

Mechanism

Nano Fiber

Properties of Nano Fiber

Power Generating Tyre using Nano Fibre

Charge production formula

Conclusion

References

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Introduction

Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain crystals to produce a voltage when subjected to mechanical stress. The word is derived from the Greek piezein, which means to squeeze or press. The effect is reversible; piezoelectric crystals, subject to an externally applied voltage, can change shape by a small amount.

Piezoelecticity

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History A related property known as pyroelectricity, the ability of certain mineral crystals to generate electrical charge when heated, was known of as early as the 18th century, and was named by David Brewster in 1824. In 1880, the brothers Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie predicted and demonstrated piezoelectricity using tinfoil, glue, wire, magnets, and a jeweler's saw. They showed that crystals of tourmaline, quartz, topaz, cane sugar, and Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate tetrahydrate) generate electrical polarization from mechanical stress.

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Materials Materials exhibit the effect, including quartz analogue crystals like berlinite (AlPO4) and gallium orthophosphate (GaPO4), ceramics with perovskite or tungsten-bronze structures (BaTiO3, KNbO3, LiNbO3, LiTaO3, BiFeO3, NaxWO3, Ba2NaNb5O5, Pb2KNb5O15). Polymer materials like rubber, wool, hair, wood fiber, and silk exhibit piezoelectricity to some extent. The polymer polyvinylidene fluoride, (-CH2-CF2-)n, exhibits piezoelectricity several times larger than quartz. Bone exhibits some piezoelectric properties: it has been hypothesized that this is part of the mechanism of bone remodelling in response to stress.

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Nano Fiber Fiber with diameter in nanometer range. Many types of polymers were processed into Nano fibers of 50 to 1000 nanometers in diameter, several orders of magnitude smaller than conventional fiber spinning.

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Properties• large specific surface area

• high porosity

• small pore size

• diameter range (50 – 1000) nm

Nano Fibre Image

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Polyvinylidene fluoride Polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) is a

highly non-reactive and pure thermoplastic fluoropolymer produced by the polymerization of vinylidene difluoride.

PVDF is a specialty plastic material in the fluoropolymer family; it is used generally in applications requiring the highest purity, strength, and resistance to solvents, acids, bases and heat and low smoke generation during a fire event. Compared to other fluoropolymers, it has an easier melt process because of its relatively low melting point of around 177 °C.

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Power Generating Tyres using Nano Fiber

DEFORMATION IN TIRES:

Car tires deform due to car weight. By fixing layer of Nano fiber pzt 5a, pvdf in tread wall and sidewall respectively we can maximizes the charge production. This fixing can be done by using the adhesive cyanoacrylate not recommended above 100’c fixing is done to localize the load on piezoelectric material. Due to piezoelectric effect charge is produced proportional to applied force. The deformation can be varied in large amount by decreasing pressure.

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Charge production by pzt5a: Charge is produced across the electrode when load is applied. Pzt5a can bear a large compressive stress as compared to other form of piezoelectric material. It has been found that charge of 0.276 c/m^2 is produced when impulsive force of 50-150 microsecond is applied. 4.6mw is produced at load resistance of 46 kilo ohm.

PVDF layer: PVDF layer can bear a large bending than other piezo material due to their high stiffness value .These pvdf can be fixed around the sidewall of tires. We can increase their number according to the diameter of tire. And power of 0.85mw is generated at very high load resistance of 380 kilo ohm.

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RESONANCE: It should be noted that natural frequency of our piezoelectric material would not match with that frequency due to deflection of tire at contact surface. Otherwise failure will occur which would damage the piezoelectric material. To avoid this a speed sensor should be provided or piezo material with high natural frequency is required.

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Energy conversion EFFICIENCY FOR NANO fiber The energy conversion efficiency of Nano fiber energy can be calculated by comparing the output electrical energy with the input mechanical energy. It has been found that 25% energy conversion efficiency from Nano fiber. Charge density produce by Nano fibers of pzt & pvdf increases rapidly by increasing strain rate. Soothe effectiveness of Nano fiber is much large as compared to its film.

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Working Images

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Charge production formula: q=d33.f

Where q is charge produce and f is the force applied for short time

Now by using I=q/t we can find current produce

Now by using v=if we can found voltage produced

Where R is the resistance of circuit.

Electrical power generated by pyro electric effect is calculated by:

Fe=P^2/ (Eo.Er)

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CONCLUSION The methods would produce a large power and can be increased by speeding the vehicle (car) .These tires can also be used in space exploration vehicle (rover) also to enhance its power. These methods of using PVDF, PZT-5A and pyro electric material can change the future and can be alternate source of energy.

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References Wikipedia. Books: BOOKS Z.L Wang, J.Song, Science

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 2,

ISSUE 8, AUGUST 2013

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Thank you…