POVERTY IN THE U.S.. WHAT IS POVERTY? According to the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) in 2012: One...
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Transcript of POVERTY IN THE U.S.. WHAT IS POVERTY? According to the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) in 2012: One...
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POVERTY IN THE U.S.
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WHAT IS POVERTY?
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According to the Official Poverty Measure (OPM) in 2012:
One Adult: $12,119Two Adults & One Child: $18,751Two Adults & Two Children: $23,624
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48.8 million Americans live below the poverty line (1 in 7)15.4% of the US population 12.5% of individuals living in the Pittsburgh MSA21% of individuals living in the City of Pittsburgh
(American Community Survey, 2013, One Year Estimates)
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(American Community Survey, 2013, One Year Estimates)
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HOW HAS POVERTY CHANGED OVER TIME?
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WHO IS LIVING IN POVERTY?
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Poverty in the US is highest:
WomenChildrenFamilies headed by single womenCentral cities The South
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# living in poverty in the US:
21,396,291 Whites10, 538,290 Blacks 2,002,107 Asians13,089,210 Hispanics
# living in poverty in the Pittsburgh MSA:
209,406 Whites 60,777 Blacks 9,258 Asians 7, 465 Hispanics
Poverty by Race
(American Community Survey, 2013, One Year Estimates)
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Many struggling with poverty work:
70% of near poor families work50% of poor families work
32.1% of workers are near poor10.6% of workers fall below the poverty
line(Analysis of 2011 American Community Survey data in Roberts, Brandon, Deborah Povich, and Mark Mather. 2013. “Low-
income working families” The Working Poor Families Project Policy Brief )
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Brady, David, Andrew Fullerton, and Jennifer Moren Cross. 2010. “More than just nickels and dimes: A cross national analysis of working poverty in affluent countries.” Social Problems, 57:4, pp. 559-585.
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HOW LONG DO PEOPLE EXPERIENCE POVERTY?
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61.8% of the population between the ages of 25-60 will experience at least 1 year of poverty
24.9% will experience 5 or more years of poverty (Rank, Mark and Thomas Hirschl. 2015. “The likelihood of experiencing
relative poverty over the life course.” PLoS One, 10:7, pp. 1-11)
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WHY NOW?
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I. IMMOBILITY AT THE BOTTOM
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“Pursuing the American Dream: Economic Mobility Across Generations.” Economic Mobility Project. Washington DC: Pew Charitable Trusts (July 2012)
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II. RISE OF EXTREME POVERTY
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For individuals living in households with 2 adults & 2 children:
Extreme poverty: $2 a dayDeep Poverty: $8.09 a dayPoverty: $16.18 a dayNear Poverty: $24.27 a day
(Schaefer, Luke and Kathryn Edin. 2013. “Rising extreme poverty in the United States and the response of means-tested transfers.” Social Service Review, 87:2, pp. 250-268.)
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III. WEAKENED INFORMAL SOCIAL TIES
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IV. CHANGING GEOGRAPHY OF POVERTY
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Today 1 in 3 poor Americans live in the suburbs(Kneebone, Elizabeth and Alan Berube. 2013. Confronting Suburban Poverty in America. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press)
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Good, Megan, Kathryn Collins, and Erin Dalton. August 2014. “Suburban Poverty: Assessing Community Need Outside the City.” Research Report. Pittsburgh, PA: Allegheny County Department of Human Services.
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V. (RE)CONCENTRATION OF POVERTY
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VI. INTERGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF POOR NEIGHBORHOODS
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Sharkey, Patrick. 2013. Stuck in Place: Urban neighborhoods and the end of progress toward racial equality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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It would take 5 generations for African Americans to go from living in a high poverty neighborhood to one where the neighborhood’s average income is within 10% of the national average
For African Americans living in poor neighborhoods in 1970, it would take until 2070 for their family members to live in a neighborhood that represents the national average
Sharkey, Patrick. 2013. Stuck in Place: Urban neighborhoods and the end of progress toward racial equality. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
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WHY (NOT) NOW?