Name – R. NikkithaClass – IX ASubject : Social ScienceSubject teacher : Sangeetha Garg

"The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty."

It is the line of distinction between

the people who can satisfy their

needs and those who can not.

It is calculated by-

Level of consumption

Level of income .

• Under Relative poverty the

economic conditions of

different regions or countries

is compared. The capita

income and the national

income are the two indicators

of relative poverty.

According to the UNO those

countries are treated poor

whose per capita income is

less than US $725 per year.

Types of Poverty

Relative Poverty Absolute Poverty

• Absolute poverty refers to

the measure of poverty ,

keeping in view the per

capita intake of calories

and minimum level of

consumption .

• Per capita income :

National income

Population

Under this the minimum

food requirements for

survival is estimated.

The food value is converted

into calories.

The caloric value of food is

then converted into the

money value i.e. in rupees.

The total equivalent amount

is considered as the poverty

line.

This method is used by the

government while

distributing food through

PDS at the local level.

Under this a poverty line is

fixed by the government.

All the families whose total

income is less than the

poverty line fixed by the

government are considered

as BPL.

Expenditure Method Income Method

Surveys to Determine Poverty

Lack of education

Natural disasters

Lack of money

Unemployment

Over population

Lack of proper

implementation of

policies

Historical cause

Slow growth of

industrialisation

Poor agriculture

Socio cultural

factor

Causes of Poverty

Major causes of extreme poverty

♣Hunger & Malnutrition

♣Limited access to quality health care

♣Insufficient access to sanitary water

♣Limited education

STATES POVERTY RATIO(%)

ORISSA 47.2

BIHAR 42.6

MADHYA PRADESH 37.4

ASSAM 36.1

STATES POVERTY RATIO(%)

GUJARAT 14

KERALA 12.7

PUNJAB 6.2

JAMMU & KASHMIR 3.5

Inter state disparities of poverty

Anti-poverty Schemes…

Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana(PMRY)1993

Rural Employment Generation Programme(REGP) 1995

Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana(SGSY) 1999

Continuation……… Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana

(PMGY) 2000

National Food for Work Programme(NFWP) 2004

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) 2005

Measures to remove povertyBy improving agriculture sector.

By carrying out land reform measures.

By setting up more industries.

By giving free and compulsory education.

By providing more employment opportunities.

By empowerment of women and economically weaker section of society.