Poultry Management for Improved Water and Land Productivity

Dr. M. K. PadhiPrincipal ScientistPrincipal Scientist

Regional centreICAR-Central Avian Research Institute

Bhubaneswar

� Total poultry rural areas: 698 million

� Urban area: 31 million

� (2012)

Year Egg number (million)

Percapita availability(no)

1950-51 1832 5

1980-81 10060 15

1990-91 21101 251990-91 21101 25

2000-01 36632 36

2010-11 63024 53

2012-13 69732 58

Desi, Cocks, hens and birds of below 5 Desi, Cocks, hens and birds of below 5 months age in rural areasmonths age in rural areas

80000

100000

120000

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

1997 2003

Cocks(1000)

Hens(1000)

below5month

Desi birds in urban areas Desi birds in urban areas

4000

5000

6000

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1997 2003

cocks(thousand)

hens (thousand)

below 5 month

Annual growth rate in rural and urban Annual growth rate in rural and urban areas of desi birds from 1997areas of desi birds from 1997--20032003

4

5

6

0

1

2

3

4

Rural Urban

cocks

hens

below 5 month

Egg availability pattern Egg availability pattern

Urbanization

Cosmo 200

Urban 60

Average 100

Rural

Developed 25

Under developed 10

Average 15

Poultry meat availability Poultry meat availability patternpattern

� Urban areas annual per capita consumption -2.25 to 3.5 kg

� Rural areas annual per capita consumption –0.75 to 1.0 kg

Industrial poultry

� Poultry Farming

Traditional poultry farmingTraditional poultry farming

� Rural birds scavenge in the backyard with very less investment

� Products are net profit

� Low productivity

� Well adopted to local adverse environment

� Improvement of rural breeds is required

Why backyard poultry?Why backyard poultry?

� Major egg and broiler produced cater the need of 25 % population in the urban areas

� Rural market covering 75 % population depend upon rural poultry for meat and egg and the cost is highpoultry for meat and egg and the cost is high

� Industrial poultry farming is not profitable in rural areas

� Rural poultry with indigenous birds are practiced due to many advantages and sustainability

� Rural poultry is inseparable part of poor tribal and will continue

� Free range bird-higher breast, drum stick % and low abdominal fat, better sensory quality, greater bone strength and meat quality, greater bone strength and meat more yellow

Desirable Features for backyard poultry

Coloured plumage

Longer shanks

Dual purpose – Egger

Agile - active

Stress bearing

low input requirement

(feed, health, housing, etc.)

High immune competence

Advantages of rural poultry farmingAdvantages of rural poultry farming

� Play significant role in cultural life� Source of employment� Little investment � Integrate well with other agri-farmings Alleviate

protein hunger� Products get premium price� Improve health status in rural poor� Improve health status in rural poor� Supplementary income� Pest control� Minimum labor / women choice/ drawn from family� Environment friendly� Output is low than intensive but profit is more� Cash crop in emergency

Advantages of indigenous birdsAdvantages of indigenous birds

� Colour plumage� Broodiness for multiplication� Protects from predators� Hardy, well adopted to harsh environment� Comparatively resistant to diseases� Comparatively resistant to diseases� Meat and egg likes by consumers� Low input requirement/ suitable for organic farming� Reservoir of many genes� Efficient converter of left over feed� Capable of producing on less protein diet, satisfactory

behaviour� Low floor egg, ease of management, good feathering, low

feather pecking

Feature Village chicken Commercial chicken

Labour Minimal Considerable

Housing Chicken houses of localmaterial, en expensive,trees

Housing with conventionalmaterial, expensive

Nutrition Scavenging feed resourcebase, leftoverfood, cereals, nosupplements,in expensive

Balanced commercialration, expensive

supplements,in expensive

Water Well water, used water,natural resources

Clean water supplyessential

Production Low, improves with betternutrition, disease controland shelter

High but require a highlevel of inputs

Meatquality

Little fat, pleasantflavour, preferred texture

More fat, less flavour, poortexture

Adaptability

Good; flight skills,escape from predators,scavenging

Limited

Veterinary inputs

None; ND; HPAI andfowl cholera vaccinationin some country

Control of many viralbacterial and parasiticdiseases essential

Environm Minimal MaximumEnvironmentimpact

Minimal Maximum

Different forms of Rural/backyard poultry Different forms of Rural/backyard poultry FarmingFarming

� Traditional scavenging system : mostly native fowl are used

� Semi-scavenging system: Low inputs birds � Semi-scavenging system: Low inputs birds are suitable

� Small scale –intensive system: High yielding commercial genotype are suitable

Management practicesManagement practices

� Chickens mostly used

� Low male

� Broodiness(decrease production)� Broodiness(decrease production)

� Hatchability varies(50-90%)

� Mother take care of baby chicks and protect from predators

HousingHousing

� Locally available materials are used(bamboo, wood plank, mud, mud bricksbricks

� In hot and humid suffer from bad ventilation(decrease production)

FeedingFeeding� Scavenging and by product� Framers provide little feed during morning and

evening� Various feed materials around homesteads� Season affects insects and affect egg content and � Season affects insects and affect egg content and

yolk colour� Minimum supplemental feed� Some time insufficient for their nutrient

requirement� Feed low in CP and high fiber� Nutrient deficiency common with low production

ProductionProduction

� Different varieties of indigenous fowl with different production characteristics

� They thrive in adverse environment and protect from predators, comparative resistant to diseasesfrom predators, comparative resistant to diseases

� 30 to 50 eggs with 1- 1.5 kg meat� ASM-6 months, egg wt-35-45 g� Indigenous birds may produce more by change of

management, feeding, weaning of chicks, feeding of chicks during brooding, genetic selection

HealthHealth

� Biosecurity not workable

� Susceptible to ND, fowl cholera fowl pox

� Vaccination is required� Vaccination is required

MarketingMarketing

� 95 % sold at door step or at village market

� Farmer-assembler-retailer in urban and semi urban-customerurban-customer

� Middle man get more profit

Breeding strategiesBreeding strategies

� Crossbreeding programme

� Two way cross (Indigenous X Exotic)

� Three way cross (F1 X Exotic)� Three way cross (F1 X Exotic)

� Exotic breed hybrids

� Synthetic hybrids

� Back crossing

� Cockerel exchange

Crossbreeding programme

� Collection and evaluation of local native & improved germplasm

CB/ Impv ger pl X Local native

(Farm) Evaluation of F1 --- (F1) X RIR/ DR(Farm) Evaluation of F1 --- (F1) X RIR/ DR(50% Im Ger pl + 50% Local native)

Crossbred -- Evaluation under farm & field conditions(25% Im Ger pl + 25% Local native + 50% RIR/DR)

Repeat of the above

Selection of parental populations

Dual type

Straight breeding programme

Nucleus stock

Pedigree breeding

On farm data recording

To be distribute to farmers

Recording of data at farmers field

Pedigree breeding

Sire pedigree

To be distribute to farmers

Non pedigreed (2-4 wks)+Non-selected sires

� Housing and feeding condition – simple and backyard type

Housing interventionHousing intervention

� Low cost house using local available materials

� Night shelter may be sufficient� Night shelter may be sufficient

� Ventilation during hot and humid

Management interventionManagement intervention

� Improvement in management

� Brooding facility

� Feed to be given in during brooding� Feed to be given in during brooding

� No. of egg to be kept under broody hen

� Care of broody hen

Health coverage interventionHealth coverage intervention

� Vaccination against RD must

� Deworming

� Health care for other disease� Health care for other disease

� Awareness about AI

� Good feather cover

Nutritional managementNutritional management� Vitamin and mineral supplement

� Feed formulation using locally available ingredient

� Supplemental feed during lean period� Supplemental feed during lean period

� Process storing of locally available un conventional feed ingredient

� Diversity of weeds in the range according to climate, season

Name of variety Organisationdeveloped

Body weight Egg production Type (egg/dual/meat)Age (Week) Weight (Kg)

Gramapriya DPR, Hyderabad 15 1.2 to 1.5 160-180 eggVanaraja DPR, Hyderabad 10 1.2 to 1.5 120-140 dualSrinidhi DPR, Hyderabad 6 0.65 to 0.70 170-200 dualPratapdhan MPUAT, Udaipur 12 1.08 161 dualCARI, Nirbheek CARI, Izatnagar 20 1.35 to 1.40 198 Egg

Up-CARI CARI, Izatnagar 20 1.22 to 1.30 220 eggHit CARI CARI, Izatnagar 20 1.35 to 1.40 200 eggCARI- Shyama CARI, Izatnagar 20 1.10 to 1.20 210 eggCARI-Gold CARI, Izatnagar 8 0.60 - dualCARI-Devendra CARI, Izatnagar 10 1.4 to 1.5 190-200 dual

Nishibari CARI, Port Blair 14 0.81 191 egg

Table. 1. Backyard Poultry varieties developed by Public sectors

Nicorock CARI, Port Blair 12 1.14 171 dualDweepika CARI, Port Blair 16 1.92 185 dualM-Bro CPDO, Mumbai 8 1.8 to 2.0 meatCHB CPDO, Chandigarh 8 1.6 to 1.8 meatGiriraja KVAFSU, Bangalore 8 1.4 to 1.6 - dual

Krishna-J JNKVV, Jabalpur 8 0.6 eggGramsree KVASU, Mannuthy 8 0.6 - dual

Nandanam Chicken I TANUVAS, Chennai 12 1.0 180 dual

Nandanam Chicken II TANUVAS, Chennai 8 1.20 - meat

Nandanam Chicken III TANUVAS, Chennai 8 1.44 136-155 meat

Nandanam Chicken IV TANUVAS, Chennai 12 0.95 191 dual

Namakkal chicken I TANUVAS, Chennai 20 2.0 150-160 dual

Narmada Narmada NidhiNidhi

CARI Devendra

(Rs.)

Hybrid-2 (Rs.) Hybrid-3 (Rs.)

Investment

Cost of chicks 50.00 50.00 50.00

Feed 31.00 31.00 31.00

Medicine/vaccination 2.00 2.00 2.00

Income from a five birds unit under backyard system for 20 weeks of age

Total 83.00 83.00 83.00

Return

Sale of birds at

Rs50/-kg live weight

306.00 380.00 430.00

Net profit from a five

birds unit

223.00 297.00 347.00

From Padhi et al. (2003). Indian Journal of Poultry Science.38(2):123-125

Output Input (Rs.) Net Profit(Rs.)

Produce Quantity Rate (Rs.) Total(Rs.)

3515(Includessupplemental feed,medicineand 6weeks old20 number

8195

Livebirds

3 male and 4female (15.3kg)

Rs. 200/ kglive weight

3060

Culled 2 male and 5 -do- 2920

Table 1 Profitability of rearing PD1 X PD4 birds at farmer’s field

20 numberchicks)

Culledbird

2 male and 5female (14.5kg)

-do- 2920

Eggs 839 Rs.6/- peregg

5034

Chicks 58 Rs.12/- perchicks

696

Total 11710 3515 8195

Name ofvariety

Organisationdeveloped

Body weight Eggproduction

Type(egg/dual/meat)Age

(Week)Weight(Kg)

Kuroiler Kegg Farms,Delhi

8 1.3 to 1.4 - Dual/ meat

Table 2. Backyard Poultry varieties developed by private sectors

Delhi

Kalyani DK Kalyani, Mumbai 8 1.1 - dual

SatpuraDesi

Yashwant agroTech., Jalgaon

8 0.9 - dual

DiversificationDiversification

� Duck

� Gunea fowl

� Turkey� Turkey

� Quail

� Emu etc.

Duck

• Status (2nd after chicken)

As per 19th livestock census duckpopulation reduced to 23.5 million in2012 from 27.6 million in 2007. (-2012 from 27.6 million in 2007. (-14.85%)

Duck occupy 3% of total poultry

Production potential and growth is lower

Duck meat production

• 1999 India 40300 tonnes

• 2000 India 40040 tonnes

• 2003 India 39000 tonnes

• 2006 India 37050 tonnes • 2006 India 37050 tonnes

• 2009 India 33800 tonnes

• 2012 India 31200 tonnes

• 2013 India 29900 tonnes

• FAOSTAT Date: Sat Jun 20

08:48:15 CEST 2015

DAHD annual report 2013-14

• Eggs / year= 116.32 (Fowl=206.88)

BAHF statistics 2014

• Duck egg production 3 % of total• Duck egg production 3 % of total

• Estimates 13-14: Female 15 million (Desi)

Improved (5.8 million female)

• Average yield/annum (Desi)= 122 (EP 18382 lakhs) Improved (182 eggs EP 1060 lakhs)

Statistics

• Duck are concentrated in coastal states

• About 90 % duck population are indigenous

type(FAOSTAT2010)

Duck production: Why?

• They survive in low lying and water logged area• Utilise feeding source from both land & water• Less attention required (easy to rear)• Housing facility is minimum• Hardy and less disease than chicken• Survive on foraging• Survive on foraging• Control unwanted plants in ponds, lake and stream (5-10

ducks/0/405 hector)• Good exterminators of potatao beetles, grass hopper, snail

etc.• Ducks reduce liver flukes problems (2-6 ducks/0.405 hectors

of land)• Lay well even in second year

Duck (advantages) contd…..

• Useful for integrated farming (duck cum fish and duck cum rice and duck cum fish cum rice)

• High egg weight• Excellent layer• Some areas special preferences for duck egg and

meat• Some areas special preferences for duck egg and

meat

• Lays early morning

• Easily trained

• No cannibalism

• Less social conflict

Breeds of ducks (egg and meat type)

• Exotic• Khaki Campbell

• White Pekin

• Indian runner• Indian runner

• Muscovy

• Indigenous• Pati, Deo, Raj Hanh, Nageswari, Chara,

Chemballi, Desi etc.

KHAKI CAMPBELL DUCKS

• Mature Body Wt:

* Male :2000-2200g

* Female:1700-1900g1900g

• Egg Production:

230-250 Eggs/Yr.

• Age at Maturity

19- 20weeks.

• Avg. Egg Wt.

60-68g

WHITE PEKIN DUCKS

• Mature Body Wt:

* Male :2900-3200g

* Female:2500- 2700g

• Egg Production:

150-180 Eggs /Yr.150-180 Eggs /Yr.

• Age at Maturity

22-24wks.

• Avg. Egg Wt.

75-85g

• FCR at 6wks: 2.10

Present status of White Pekin

Brought by CDBF (CPDO) Bangalore :VIGOVA SUPER-M

• CARI annual report 2012-13

• BW8=1339 g 1300-1800 g (AR14-15)(1742 g AR13-14)

• BW10=1830g

• EP40: 59.41 eggs HH (EP72 266 AR14-15) EP40 77.21• EP40: 59.41 eggs HH (EP72 266 AR14-15) EP40 77.21

• CARI annual report 2007-08

• EP72: 137.92

• EP72-124: 84.85

• EW60: 87.40

Traits Value References

BW6 2963 Farhat and Chavez 2000. Poultry

Sci:79:460-65

BW7 3316

Carcass yield 73.10 %

BW7 2200 to 2500 Management guide CPDO

BW8 1339 CARI annual report 2012-13BW8 1339 CARI annual report 2012-13

BW8 2462 Padhi and Sahoo 2012. IJAS

82:1372-1376

F:G 2.51-2.95 Fan et al 2008. Poul. Sci:87:1162-64

Daily gain 65-70 g

BW7 2290 (h20.53) Xu et al. 2011. J animal and Vet.

Advances. 10:23-28

KL7 11.94 (h20.22) rg: BW7 and KL7: 0.73

Muscovy

• Female have no curled feather

• Mature male : 3.00 to 4.00 kg.

• Female: 1.8 to 2.5 kg • Female: 1.8 to 2.5 kg (half of male)

• Egg production: 50- 80 eggs

• ASM:25 to 28 weeks

• EW: 70-75 g

Indian Runner

• Egg type

• Perpendicular carriage

• Drake: 1.8 -2.2 kg

• Duck: 1.4-1.8 kg• Duck: 1.4-1.8 kg

• EP: 250-270 eggs

• EW: 65- 70 g.

Indigenous duck

• Multicolour

• Drake : 1.5 to 2.2 kg

• Duck: 1.3 to 2.0 kg

• EP: 130 to 160• EP: 130 to 160

• EW: 65 to 70 g.

Sexual dimorphism

• Male : curling upward of tail feather

• Male: Quacking sound less

• Female: Continuous quacking sound

Features of Rural duck

Nursery

* Initial brooding is essential * Initial brooding is essential

* Balanced low density diet

* Protection against drowining????

Brooding Requirement

• Incubation period-28 days, Muscovy 35• Not good sitters• Brooding for 3-4 weeks at 29 to 30 C• Provide balance feed• Duck should never have access to feed with out water.• Water in drinkers should be sufficient to allow immersion • Water in drinkers should be sufficient to allow immersion

of their heads and nor themselves.• Floor space- 1sqft.• Asses to scavengeafter 3-4 weeks.• Avoid frightening• Keep litter dry

• Small groups of ducklings can be brooded by broody chicken hens and most breeds of ducks other than Pekin , Runner, Campbell.

• Ducklings can be brooded artificially in about the same way as baby chicks.

• Due to rapid growth, ducklings need heat shorter period and floor space requirements increase more rapidly.

• Brooding area should be dry, well lighted and ventilated, and free from drafts.

• Cover the floor with about 4 inches of absorbent litter material (rice husk, wood shavings, chopped straw) husk, wood shavings, chopped straw)

• Litter dampness is more of a problem with ducks than with chicks.

• Good litter management will require removal of wet spots and frequent addition of clean, dry litter.

• Use one 250-watt lamp for 30 ducklings.

• Confine the birds to the heated area with a corrugated paper chick guard for the first 3 to 4 days.

• Watch the actions of the birds as a clue to their comfort

• In summer, only 2 to 3 weeks. • In summer, only 2 to 3 weeks.

• 1/2 sqft per bird -first two weeks. 1 square foot by 4 weeks.

Growing period

• Semi-intensive

• Range system

Semi-intensive

• Rural area mostly semi-intensive

• Semi intensive -21/2 to 3sqft and 10-15 sqft

for run space

• May be allowed maximum time for scavenging • May be allowed maximum time for scavenging

(are good foragers)

• They feed freely on insects and worms.

• Supplemental feed during scarcity

Free range

• Minimum care

• Low cost

• No feed supplement

• Night shelter• Night shelter

Laying period

• Adult 4-5 sqft floor in intensive and 3 sqft under semi-intensive with 10-15 run space per bird

• 2000 duck can be reared in one acre of land• Male to female ratio _1:7• Night shelter to run space- 1:3• Night shelter to run space- 1:3• KC consume 20 kg upto 20 wks of age and then

varies from 120-150g per day• Water for swimming is not essential at any stage

for duck rearing• Use of range, pond or supplementary green

feeds reduces feed cost

Laying management

• Place laying boxes

• Keep ducks within compound

• Collect egg in the morning before feed is given

• Lighting• Lighting

• Ducks may be kept for 2 years

• New ducklings (replacement) may be taken

after 1 and 6 months of first flock

Catching and handling

• Should be caught by neck

Feed

Dry Matter Water

OrganicInorganic

OrganicInorganic

(Minerals)Carbohydrate

s

Protein

Lipids

Vitamins

Macro

Minerals

Ca, P, K, Na, Cl,

S & MgMicro Minerals

Fe, Zn, Cu, Co,

Mn, Se, Mo, I

Stomach Content in Duck

Commonly Offered Feed Ingredients

• Paddy• Rice• Broken Rice

• GNC• Soyabean Meal• Snail Small• Broken Rice

• Boiled Rice• Rice Polish• Wheat• Wheat Bran• Black Gram• Green Gram• Arhar• Til Oil Cake

• Snail Small• Snail Large• Oyster• Fish Meal• Fish Scale• Offals• Azolla• Kitchen Waste

Disease control

• Procure ducklings from disease free stocks

• Maintain proper hygiene

• Provide adequate feed, water and floor space etc.etc.

• Rodents control

• Vaccination

• Give fresh feed without any moulds

• Sick birds to be isolated

Common diseases of ducks

• Very few diseases compared to chicken

• DUCK plague (DVE)

• DVH (not prevalent in India)

• Duck cholera • Duck cholera

• Aflatoxicosis

• Parasites

Vaccination

Disease Age Route dose

Duck cholera 3-4 weeks s/c 1 ml (ducklings)

2ml (adult

after1month)

Duck plague 8-12 weeks s/c 1 ml

Integrated duck farming

• Duck –rice (200-300/ha paddy field)

• Duck-fish integration (70 ducks/100m2

• Duck-rice-fish • Duck-rice-fish integration

• Ducks helps:

• Intertillage, weeding

• Insects control

• Manuaring

The ponds and channels for extensive duck farming in costal Orissa.

Integrated duck farming in rice fields

The fallen grains of paddy field is utilized by ducks

Ducks can be used for Ducks can be used for both egg and meat purposes.

Fish-duck farming material flow

Threats

• Biosecurity

• Disease management during out breaks

• Excess production ??? • Excess production ???

• Marketing

• Predators / theft

• Kitchen garden !!!

• Health care services

B o d y w e i g h t i n d i f f e r e n t g e n e t i c g r o u p s a t d i f f e r e n t a g e s

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0

N a ti v eK ha k iP ek i nD K

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

1 w k 2 w k 3 w k 4 w k 5 w k 6 w k 7 w k 8 w kwt.

in g

D W

K D

K W

W D

W K

8th week body weight in different genetic

groups

2462

1841

1341

2053

18001863

1500

2000

2500

Native(D)Khaki(K)Pekin(W)DK

11201249 1221

1341

0

500

1000

1500

Body weight (g)

DKDWKDKWWDWK

8 8 3

1 2 0 0

8 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 2 0 0

B o d y w t . o f W h i t e P e k i n i n g u p t o 5 t h w e e k s i n c o m b i n e d s e x

4 71 2 1

2 9 5

6 7 4

0

2 0 0

4 0 0

6 0 0

8 0 0

d a y o l d 1 s t w k 2 n d w k 3 r d w k 4 t h w k 5 t h w k

1 7 1 4 1 6 9 2

2 0 1 0 1 9 9 62 1 0 7 2 0 1 9

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

B o d y w e i g h t o f W h i t e P e k i n i n m a l e a n d f e m a l e

0

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

6 t h w k b w t . 7 t h w k b . w t . 8 t h w k b . w t

M a le F e m a le

FCR of White Pekin during different period

2.5

3

3.5

4

0-3 week0-4 week

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

FCR

0-4 week0-5 week0-6 week0-7 week

HD production % of Desi ducks at different

weeks of age

50

60

70

80 181920212223

0

10

20

30

40

week

232425262728293031

Production performance of Khaki Campbell and White

Pekin (old stock) upto 72nd weeks of age

TraitsTraits Khaki Khaki CampbellCampbell

White PekinWhite Pekin

HD prod. upto 72HD prod. upto 72ndnd

week of age (nos)week of age (nos)239.22239.22 172.06172.06

week of age (nos)week of age (nos)

Egg wt at 72nd Egg wt at 72nd week (g)week (g)

63.4263.42 80.1980.19

B.Wt. at 72B.Wt. at 72ndnd week week (g)(g)

13941394 31403140

Livability % from Livability % from 1818--72 week72 week

7777 91.8391.83

Performance of Desi, Khaki and their

crosses in 2nd cycle

TraitsTraits Khaki Khaki (66)(66)

Desi Desi (62)(62)

DK (25)DK (25) KD (33)KD (33)

DD DD 170.45170.45 165.23165.23 228.09228.09 188.42188.42DD DD egg/bird egg/bird 11stst cycle cycle

170.45170.45 165.23165.23 228.09228.09 188.42188.42

DD DD egg/biregg/bird 72d 72--124wk124wk

128.81128.81 115.76115.76 134.72134.72 116.55116.55

DK performance in free range

Traits DK in free range DK in intensive

Age at first egg (day) 124 107

Wt at first egg 1531

Wt at 40th week 1710 1356Wt at 40th week 1710 1356

DD egg prod.upto40th week 44.54 88.68

DD egg prod.upto 60th week 97.77 132

DD egg production upto 72nd

week125.32

Egg wt at 40th wk(g) 68 69

Growth of Moti ducks

1936

1415

1616

12001400160018002000

Male

47 45 46

265 256 260

944832 886

0200400600800

10001200

day old 4wk 8wk 12wk

MaleFemalePooled

Popularisation of Rural Duck farming among Women SHG

Meeting,

sensitisation,key person identification

Construction of

duck house

varieties of ducks introduced

Day old ducklings

Critical input

distribution

(ducklings & feed)

BroodingBrooding

Growing management

Feeding and watering

Management of adult ducks

Duck rearing (SHG mode)

Duck rearing in

polythene pond

Pond size: 10X5X1.5 ftFor 25 birdsCost polythene:Rs. 200/-

Innovation for Duck

rearing

Vaccination (Duck plague)

Egg production

Tribal women with ducks

Investment/unit Khaki campbell Native ducksCost of ducklings (25 nos) 375/- 375/-

Initial feed (10 kg) 250/- 250/-

Feeder & waterer 150 150/-

Vaccination & medicine 80/- 80/-

Total Expenditure (Rs) 855/- 855/-Avg nomale/unit 9.68 10.56

Table 5. Income generation of duck rearing in one year:

Avg nomale/unit 9.68 10.56

Avg no female/unit 11.16 11.76

Return/ unitDisposal of male bird( 220/- to 250 per bird)

2309 /- 2582/-

Sale of eggs(@ 5/- per egg) 6893/- 5584/-

cost of female birds( 180/- to 200 per bird)

2060 2119/-

Total 11,262/- 10,285/-

Net profit / unit(Return- Expenditure)

10,407/- 9,430/-

Economic Management of ducks for better profitability:

� Unit size of25 is optimum� Brooding for15 dayswith commercial feed.� Dry feed should notbe offered to ducks.� Sand is to be used as litter material

� Disposal of all thedrakes by 14th wk of age� Laying ducks are to be offered better feed� Calciumpreparationduringlaying improveseggproduction� Calciumpreparationduringlaying improveseggproduction� laying ducks need to go outside littlelate in the morning� Second batch of ducklingsto be reared soon after disposal

of drakes of the first batch� Laying ducksneed not be kept beyond one yearof age� Ducks can beintegrated with available and suitable crop.

Conclusion• Backyard chicken and duck farming is beneficial where there

is demand of desi chicken and ducks egg and meat.

• Duck can be reared in areas that are not suitable for other poultry.

• However, the ducks can be integrated with other livestock and agriculture to provide subsidiary income to the farmers.

• Other species of poultry like turkey, quail, Gunea fowl, Emu can also be reared as backyard poultry to improve the

• Other species of poultry like turkey, quail, Gunea fowl, Emu can also be reared as backyard poultry to improve the productivity of land and water.

• It is to mention here that the water productivity will increase with introduction of ducks along with fisheries and other agricultural activity.

• Integration of agriculture with poultry farming will complement each other and increase the productivity of both land and water thus helping our farming community.

Thank YouThank You