POTs to 4G and Beyond Evolution Phases of Telecom by P. Abraham Paul E-mail. [email protected].

POTs to 4G and Beyond

Evolution Phases of Telecom

by P. Abraham Paul

E-mail. [email protected]

8 Aug 2004 POTs to 4G and Beyond. Author: P. Abraham Paul. 2

Old Generation Telecommunication systems.

• Manual Telephone systems- 300 to 3300 Hz. Voice Only.• Wired Telegraph systems using Morse code.• Wireless Telegraphy using radio channels.

Telecom during early part of Nineteenth Century.

• Automatic Telephony: Electromechanical Analogue Systems.• High Speed Telegraphy : Facsimile.• Channel combined transmission systems.

Advancement in Telecom during later part of Nineteenth Century.

• Automatic Telephony: Electronic Telephone systems: • SPC Analogue systems• Digital systems handling 64 Kbits Voice, FAX and Data services. • Microwave, Satellite and Optical Fiber transmission systems.

Plain Old Telephone System - POTS

Radio Paging: One way data messaging.


Wireless Telecommunication systems.

1. Analogue Mobile Phone systems – AMPS (American Standard)2. Global System Mobile - GSM (European Standard)

Facilities available under 2G systems.

Circuit Switched services for : -- Voice over 14.5 Kbps up link and down link dedicated channels.-- FAX and Data service within the band width using internal modems.-- SMS Short message Service up to 160 Characters. -- Voice Mail Mobility: Seamless Roaming within and between Networks.

Intelligent Networks for Pre-paid, VPN etc.

High end Data service under 2 G.• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) for data adapted for Mobile Handsets. • General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) bearer for always on data access.• Channel combining for higher data rates GPRS for Data and Graphics up to 56 Kbps.

Second Generation Telecom Systems - 2G


TRANSMISSION SYSTEMSTRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

Land Line SystemsLand Line Systems-Over and Cable Carrier SystemsOver and Cable Carrier Systems-Optical Fiber Optical Fiber

Terestrial SystemsTerestrial Systems- VHF, UHFVHF, UHF- Analogue and Digital MicrowaveAnalogue and Digital Microwave

SubmarineSubmarine Cable systems Cable systems

Satellite Communication systemsSatellite Communication systems- Global Positioning SystemsGlobal Positioning Systems- VSAT VSAT - INMARSAT INMARSAT


System

GSM

PCS1900

AMPS

D-AMPS

CDMA

Air-Interface

GSM 04.xx

J-STD-007

IS-91, EIA/TIA-553

IS-136

IS-95, J-STD-008

A-Interface

GSM 08.xx

J-STD-024 (IS-651)

IS-634

IS-634

IS-634

MAP-Interface

GSM 09.02

J-STD-023 (IS-652)

IS-41

IS-41

IS-41

Services

GSM 02.xx

IS-104

IS-53

IS-53

IS-53

GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsPCS Personal Communication SystemAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (analogue)D-AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (digital)CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

GSM Global System for Mobile CommunicationsPCS Personal Communication SystemAMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (analogue)D-AMPS Advanced Mobile Phone System (digital)CDMA Code Division Multiple Access

Comparison of Cellular Networks


GSM IS-136 IS-95

Frequency 900 MHz 800 MHz 800 MHz

1,800 MHz 1,900 MHz 1,900 MHz

1,900 MHz

Access Method TDMA TDMA CDMA

Modulation GMSK p/4 DQPSK QPSK

Speech CODEC RPE-LTP VSELP ADPCM

13 Kbit/s 7.25 Kbit/s variable

Channel Spacing 200 kHz 30 kHz 1.23 MHz

Time Slots 8 (16) 3 (6) NA

GSM, IS-136 and IS-95 technology


TCH/F (9.6 kbit/s) channel coding on air interface

BSC MSCVLR

HLR

BTS

A bis - Interface: 16 kbit channel

A-Interface:1 circuit max 64 kbit/s

ISDN

PSTN GMSC

Um Interface

E1TRAU

GSM: Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)


ABC Administration and Billing CenterAC Authentication CenterBSC Base Station ControllerBTS Base Tranceiver StationCBS Cell Broadcast Service

EIR Equipment Identification RegisterHLR Home Location RegisterMSC Mobile Services Switching CenterOAS Operator Assistance ServiceSCP Service Control Point

SMP Service Management PointSMS Short Message ServiceSSP Service Switching PointVLR Visitor Location RegisterVMS Voice Mail Service

VLRHLR SCPEIR

AC SMP

MSC/ SSP

VMS OAS SMSCBS ABC

OMSPLMN

Datanetworks

ISDN

PSTN

Switching subsystem SSS IN Other networksBase stationsubsystem BBS

Mobile Station

BSCBTS

Value added services

Operation + maintenance subsystem

GSM: System Architecture – Network elements


RASEDSS1

(HS)CSD

SMSCMAP

SMS

USSDServer

USSDMAP

SGSN Gi

GPRS

Gn GGSN

WAP is Applicable to Many Different Wireless Bearers

LAN

WAPGateway

HLR

MSC

BSS

BSCPCU

MSC

USSD Unstructured Supplementary Service Data

(HS) CSD High Speed Circuit Switched DataSMS Short Message ServiceGPRS General Packet Radio ServiceRAS Remote Access ServerSMSC Short Message Service CenterEDSS1 Enhanced Digital Subscriber

Signaling No 1

Wireless Application Protocol


GSN

HLR

SGSN PDNBSS Gb

Gr

GGSNGn

GGSNExt. PLMN

Gp

VLR

GsGc

= Interface

Gi

SMS-GMSC

Gd

Supported Interface according to ETSI/GSM under different releases

General Packet Radio Service


General Packet Radio Service is a: Packet Switched Data Service for High Speed Mobile Data Services •Ideal for ‘bursty’ data applications such as Internet access & PULL/PUSH technologies

• offers speed initially upto 94 Kbit/s (7xCS 2) and later 170 Kbit/s (8xCS 4)

• dynamic resource sharing - requires band-width and network resources only when data being transmitted, allowing efficient usage of radio resources • upto 128 GPRS channels supported per BSC increasing to 750 GPRS channels in later versions

What is GPRS?


Higher Bandwidth systems:

Enabling Multi media services up to 384 Kbps.

1. Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution – EDGE

2. Code Division Multiple Access - CDMA 2000-1x DO

3. IMPS Japanese Standard

2.5 G is the in-between system of 2G and 3G


Enhanced Data rates for the GSM Evolution

What is EDGE? EDGE (included in GSM Release `99) is a modification of the GSM radio interface. A new modulation method is used to realize higher data rates than possible with GSM/GPRS.

EDGE supports two different transmission modes: EGPRS (Enhanced GPRS): supports from 22,8 to 48 kbit/s per physical channel (under good radio conditions, up to 69,2 kbit/s). By bundling up to 8 channels a theoretical maximum data rate of 384 kbit/s per transceiver could be achieved

ECSD (Enhanced Circuit Switched Data): 28,8 or 32 kbit/s per physical channel.

By bundling up to 2 timeslots a theoretical maximum data rate of 64 kbit/s can be reached. EDGE is thought to be standardized for GSM and other wireless systems like D-AMPS.


SiemensMobile DTE

BSC

Visited MSC/VLR

Gateway MSC

Serving GSN

packet switched: GPRS

Gateway GSN

BTS* EPCU

HLR/GR

EPCU Integration into BSC

BTS extension by new CU & SW

ISDN

PSTN

InternetIntranet

PSPDN

BSS - Base Station System GSN - GPRS Support NodeHLR - Home Location Register VLR - Visitor Location Register

New Abis I/F

* The BTS Plus generation is necesseary

The EDGE Solution.

Impact of EDGE on Existing GSM Network Infrastructure


Providedservice

10 kbps 100 kbps 1 Mbps 10 Mbps

EDGE covers almost the same data services as UMTS

Database accessInformation services

E-mail

Voice

Teleshopping

Electronic newspaperImages / sound files

Video conferencing

Video telephony

UMTS

TelebankingFinancial servicesGPRS

EDGE

Services Covered with GPRS, EDGE and UMTS


Goals IMT-2000Goals IMT-2000

•IMT-2000 spectrum (allocated at WARC)IMT-2000 spectrum (allocated at WARC)•Global system for wireless communications.Global system for wireless communications.

3G Technology

•Multi-environment operation.Multi-environment operation.• VehicularVehicular• Pedestrian and outdoor to indoorPedestrian and outdoor to indoor• Indoor OfficeIndoor Office• SatelliteSatellite

•Support for packet data and circuit-switched data.Support for packet data and circuit-switched data.•Multi Media services support.Multi Media services support.

•Data rates:Data rates:• 144 kbps in vehicular144 kbps in vehicular• 384 kbps in pedestrian384 kbps in pedestrian• 2 Mbps in indoor office environment2 Mbps in indoor office environment


GSM HSCSD GPRS EDGE UMTS(FDD)

UMTS(TDD)

9,6 kbps

115 kbps170 kbps

380 kbps390 kbps

2 Mbps

Data Throughput.

2G versus 3G Technology


GSMGSM

GPRSGPRSEDGEEDGE

UMTSUMTS

HSCSDHSCSD

Examples for network evolution strategies:

IPIP

Network evolution strategies depend on the market situation.


GPRS*,(HSCSD)(E1999)

EDGE*(E2001)

UMTS*(E2002)

GSM(Today)

Filling the gap between GPRS and UMTS (1) as an in between system. Use of UMTS in urban areas and hot spots; and

Use of EDGE for rural environments and wide-area coverage.

This allows fast deployment of high data rate mobile networks in a cost efficient way (2)

Using EDGE as “3rd Generation” (3)

(2)

(3)

(1)

* Commercial Version

Scenarios to Deploy EDGE

(1)


W-CDMA and A T M


MSS: Mobile Satellite System

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

ITU allocations

Europe

Japan

USA

1885 MHz 2025 MHz

IMT 2000

GSM 1800 DECT UMTS MSS

1880 MHz 1980 MHz

MSS

MSSIMT 2000PHS

A D B E F C A D B E F C

2010 MHz

IMT 2000

UMTS MSS

Reserved MSS

IMT 2000 MSS

2160 MHz

2110 MHz

1895 1918 MHz

2170 MHz

PCS

IMT 2000: Worldwide frequency plans


max 16

Uplink ( )

Up-or Downlink ( ) ( )

Downlink ( )

Asymmetry14:1....2:13

Frequency

5 MHz

Time

667µs0 ms

0

Code

MHz(+1900+n*5 MHz) n=0..3

10 ms

14 : 1

2 : 13

TD-CDMA

UNPAIRED SPECTRUMUNPAIRED SPECTRUM


max 256

MHz(+2110+n*5 MHz, n=0..11)

Downlinkcont.

Frequency

5 MHz

Time10 ms0 ms

0

max 256

MHz(+1920+n*5 MHz, n=0..11)

Uplinkcont.

Frequency

5 MHz

Time10 ms0 ms

0

Code

Code

W-CDMA

PAIRED SPECTRUMPAIRED SPECTRUM


Multiplex technology

Bandwidth

Frequency Re-use

Handover

Modulation

Receiver

Chip Rate

max. Datarate (ETSI)

Spreading Factor

Power Control*)

Frame organisation

FDD - Component

W-CDMA

5 MHz

1

soft , softer (Interfreq.: hard)

QPSK

Rake

3.84Mcps

384kbps (high mob.)

4 - 256

fast: every 667µs1)

0.667/ 10/ 720 ms

TDD - Component

TD-CDMA

5 MHz

1

hard

QPSK

Joint Detection

3.84 Mcps

2 Mbps (low mob.)

1, 2, 4, 8, 16

slow: 1 - 800 cycles/s2)

0.667/ 10/ 720 ms

*) Range: 80dB (UL); 30dB (DL) in steps of 1) 0.25 to 1.5dB 2) 1.5 to 3 dB

Characteristics of the FDD- and TDD Components


FDD is more efficient for a coverage driven roll-out.

TDD complement FDD

TDD mode complements FDD mode and is integral part TDD mode complements FDD mode and is integral part of some company‘s UTRA Product Strategy.of some company‘s UTRA Product Strategy.

TDD is more efficient in small cells with asymmetric traffic and high data rates.


public macro and micro cell environments

symmetrical access

up to 384 kb/swith high mobility (vehicular)

public micro and pico cell environments

public WLL unlicensed

cordless asymmetrical

access up to 2 Mb/s

with low mobility (pedestrian)

UMTS Introduction Environments Suited for Each Transmission Mode

UMTS Introduction Environments Suited for Each Transmission Mode

UMTS integrates currently separated networks and offers seamless services

Zone 4: Global

Zone 3: Suburban

World cellMacro cell

Urban

Micro cell

UTRA FDD

UTRA TDD

In building

Pico cell

Especially suitable for

Especially suitable for


20 (35) MHz forunpaired UTRA

UMTS satellite

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250

15 20 60 30 15 60 30

DECT

MHz

GSM 1800

Flexible assignment of air interface technologies should be possible. Sufficient spectrum for 4 - 5 Operators.

2 * 60 MHz forpaired UTRA

UMTSEuropean spectrum allocation for UTRA


PLMN

Server for PLMN provided Services

ISP Internet Service ProviderPLMN Public Land Mobile NetworkPSTN Public Switched Telephone NetworkVPN Virtual Privat Network

Internet

VPN

ISP

Server for ISP provided Services

PSTN

GSNBSS

HLR

Access to IP-Networks and Applications


E-Virtual Private Network


Multi-media in CS and PS domains

PS Domain

CSCF

MGCF

MRF

IP Multi Media Domain

MGW

HLR/HSS

/ATM

MultimediaIP

network

TDMMSC GMSC

E-SGSN IP E-GGSN IP

MGWCS-GW

MSC-Server

VoIP/VoATM

GMSC-Server

UTRANPSTN/ISDN

CS Domain R00


BTS

TDD over2G GSM

TDDFDD

GSM

UMTS

3G MSC

BSC

BSC

RNC

Location services

Mexe

SCP

HLR

WAP

TDD/FDD over3G MSC/GSN

integrated/separated

IP/ATM FR network

Internet/Intranet

ISDN/PSTN

GGSN

GatewayMSC

BTS TDD

BTS TDD

Node B

BTS

SGSN

MSCBSC

BSC

3G GSN

U-MSC

3G MSC

Product overview Topology


Wireless Access

NodeB

NodeB

MSCS MSC ServerMGC Media Gateway ControlleriMCS CSCF, MGC, S-GWHSS Home Subscription ServerSGW Signaling GWMGW Media GatewayCrouter Cellular Router

IP (over ATM) Network

IETF micromobility management(Cellular IP)

MGW

iHLR

RNCServer Farm PLMN

IN + Applications

iMCS

Global IPNetwork

Global IPNetwork

i

Single backbone technology from the core to the Node B

Reduced O&M costs Reduced Planning effort PSTN/

ISDN

CRouter

IP-based RAN Solution: Server-based solution.


Voice SwitchController

Edge

Access

AAAGK

3rd party Applications

Network andService

Management

SCPLNP

INHLRVLR

Mobility

Core

CPE

SwitchSwitch

Switch

PSTN/ISDNSS7

Any vendor’sEnd Office

RAS

POTS/ISDN

Multi Service

Edge

IP + ATMCore

MediaGateway

MultiserviceAccess Network

xDSL

Voice EnabledDSLAM

IAD DSLAM

GSM/UMTS

PBX

Enterprise HQ

Global IP NetworkGlobal IP Network

Mobile/Notebook

POTS/ISDN

SMESO/HO

3G Network Vision


PS Domain

CSCF

MGCF

MRF

IP Multi Media Domain

MGW

HLR/HSS

/ ATM

MultimediaIP

network

TDM

MSC GMSC

E-SGSN IP E-GGSN IP

MGWCS-GW

MSC-Server

VoIP/ VoATM

GMSC-Server

UTRANPSTN/ISDN

CS Domain R00

Multi-media in CS and PS domains


Why 4G now ??

• Only part of the objectives could be realized in practice. Only part of the objectives could be realized in practice.

It is now propagated that 4G as the next Generation will It is now propagated that 4G as the next Generation will take care of these issues. take care of these issues.

• 3G roll out was focused as an extension of GSM philosophy.3G roll out was focused as an extension of GSM philosophy.

• Experience many hurdles in practical integration with PSPDN and IPExperience many hurdles in practical integration with PSPDN and IP

• Wireless portion of 3G Network becomes smaller and smaller compared Wireless portion of 3G Network becomes smaller and smaller compared to wireless portion as the data rates need becomes higher and higher.to wireless portion as the data rates need becomes higher and higher.

• Cost for making Higher data rates available anywhere and everywhere Cost for making Higher data rates available anywhere and everywhere are exorbitantly expensive. are exorbitantly expensive. • Same facility with better quality could be delivered with wired network. Same facility with better quality could be delivered with wired network.


5. Virtual Private Network

- Bandwidth on demand

Next Generation Networks – beyond 3G

1. Integrated Fixed & Wireless Services & IP services

2. Voice over IP

3. Wireless in local loop, WiFi, Wireless LAN, Blue Tooth

4. Convergence of Voice, Data, Video over Internet Protocol

- 2 Mbps and higher data rates for:

- Higher Band width up to for Multi media services


CDMA Evolution


CDMA 3G – 4G Evolution


xDSL

IAD 4700

36140

LargeLarge EnterprisesEnterprises

Small to MediumSmall to Medium EnterprisesEnterprises

SoHo/RoBoSoHo/RoBo

Consumer/Consumer/ResidentialResidential

INTERNETINTERNET

ISPs

xDSL

E1/T1/IMAE3/T3/STM-1/OC-3

CorporateNetworks

PublicData

Networks

VoiceNetworks

NTNT

E1/T1/IMAE3/T3/STM-1/OC-3

DSLAM

IAD E1/T1/IMA

E3/T3/STM-1/OC-3

IAD

ATMbackbone

Integrated Broadband Access Solution


Voice over IP


Split between ”Service Logic” and ”Transport”

HTTP, SMTP,FTP,NTTP,...

HTTP, SMTP,FTP,NTTP,... Application LayerApplication Layer

Transport LayerTransport Layer

Internetwork LayerInternetwork Layer

Data-Link LayerPhysical Layer

Data-Link LayerPhysical Layer

TCPTCP

IP IP

Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, ATM, xDSL...Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, ATM, xDSL...

UDPUDP TCPTCP

IP IP

UDPUDP

ServerServerClientClient

IP Network

Protocol Layers

Server Protocol StackClient Protocol Stack

Open APIs to networkfor IP-packet transport

Information Flowthrough protocol stacksApplication

(Client Side)

Application(Client Side)

GUIAppl. Logic

Network APIApplication(Server Side)

Application(Server Side)

Appl. Logic

Network API

Service Logic and Transport


IP/ATM Network

Service planeAAA

GK

SCP

IN Server

HLRVLR

3rd party Applications

xDSL

OpticalWireless

POTS/ISDN

Signalling GW & Call feature Server

Mobility Server

Seamless Services across IP-based Networks


- -

- :: New Generation Networks - Internet on air

Legacy NetworksIP Network

Intelligent/Application ServersSignaling GW &Call feature Server

Multipleradiostandards

NGN

Future Networks

MMSMMS


Wi-Fi and Wi-Max

• GSM and CDMA use directional transmission and thereby limitations in territorial coverage.

• With Wi-Fi and Wi-Max universal coverage as in Radio and Television is possible.

• Many of the future networks will be a blend of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max with high capacity optical fiber links for mass transmission of digital media communication.

POTs to 4G and Beyond Evolution Phases of Telecom by P. Abraham Paul E-mail. [email protected].

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Transcript of POTs to 4G and Beyond Evolution Phases of Telecom by P. Abraham Paul E-mail. [email protected].