Surinam Airways: overcoming potential threats and challenges
Potential threats to rangelands
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Transcript of Potential threats to rangelands
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Potential Threats to Rangelands
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Threats include:
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Overgrazing
Invasive plants
Human Population
Soil Erosion and Desertification
Wildland Fire & Climate Change
Complex Land Tenure
Other Factors
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1. Overgrazing
Biggest Problem
Carrying Capacity- Cannot support grazing over a certain limit.
Overgrazing- in combination with:
Poor land use practices and
Absence of scientific grazing
system
Sharp decline of
many grasses
Inferior vegetatio
n invasion
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2. Invasive Plants
Plants that interfere with the growth of desirable plants.
Abundance of native species- Reduced
Monoculture-where only one species dominates.
Water infiltration- Reduced
Altering soil characteristics
Altering fire intensity and frequency
Examples: Cheatgrass, leafy spurge, spotted knapweed, and salt cedar
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3. Human Population
Demands for:
Food commoditi
es and
EnergyWoody
vegetation Overexploite
d For FuelTo meet
food requiremen
ts:
Rangelands converted
to agriculture
Results in:Soil Erosion and
Land Degradation
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4. Soil Erosion and Desertification
Permanent loss of:
Productive rangelands
Loss of Biodiversity
Caused by:
Overgrazing
Excessive removal of vegetation
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5. Climate Change
Rise in temperature = increase
rate of evapo-
transpiration
Leading to
Loss of moistur
e
Heat stress on Livestock
Incidence of pests and diseases- reduced livestock productivity
Socio-economic loss
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6. Wildlife Fire
Role in maintaining rangeland
Depends largely on:
Growth form
Plant adaptations, and
Season of burning
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Continued…
In Hot, dry, summer months is the most harmful- High Intensity Fires
Late summer and fall burns are the least harmful- Increased Moisture and Low Temperatures
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7. Complex Land Tenure
Community owned and
Used as common property resource
Maximum benefits
Ethnic groups- Raising Livestock for generations
Ownership and Herders Conflict
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8. Fragmentation of Rangelands
Increased Human activity and
Construction of roads and buildings
Rural subdivision and fragmentation lead to
Increased weeds
Loss of biodiversity, and
Degradation of pasture lands.
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Continued…
Example: Houses built on wildlife winter habitat inhibits animals from moving down.
Rare and sensitive species-Limited to a Specific Habitat
Find themselves in danger
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9. Lack of Institutional Setup
Forest Departments
Protection and development of forests rather than rangelands
Shortage of:
Technical expertise and
Financial resources
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References
http://www.pfi.gov.pk/Ranglandpolicy.html
http://www.forestrynepal.org/notes/biodiversity/management/habitat/rangelandBrown, J.R., R.R. Blank. G.R. McPherson, and K.W. Tate. 2005. Rangelands a global change. Published by the Society for Range Management. Available online at: http://www.rangelands.org/pdf/Global_Issue_Paper.pdf.
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