SOLAR POTENTIAL IN INDIA -- AN OVERVIEW--Shaantanu Gaur(For Eixil Group) Follow Me : LinkedIn

Solar Resource Map of IndiaMost parts of India receive good solar radiation 4- 7 kWh/sq. m/day.In the solar energy sector, some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 km2 (14,000 sq mi) area of the Thar Desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW.Aggressive bids under the Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) have produced grid-connect megawatt (MW) sized plants generating even less than 15 US cents per kilowatt-hour (kWh), among the lowest in the world.

Growth of Solar Capacity in India (MW)

StateMWp%Gujarat857.947.42Rajasthan601.233.23Maharashtra1608.84Madhya Pradesh37.32.06Andhra Pradesh33.21.84Uttar Pradesh17.40.96Tamil Nadu17.10.95Jharkhand160.88Karnataka140.77Orissa130.72Punjab9.30.51Haryana7.80.43West Bengal7.10.39A & N Island5.10.28Uttarakhand5.10.28Chhattisgarh40.22Delhi2.60.14Lakshadweep0.80.04

JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) is one of the major global initiatives in promotion of solar energy technologies, announced by the Government of India under National Action Plan on Climate Change.

It has set an ambitious target of deploying 20,000 MW of Grid-connected Solar Power & 2000MW of off-grid Solar Power by the year 2022.

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) intends to raise its targets under the National Solar Mission from 20 gigawatts (GW) to 100 GW by 2019.

It adopts a 3- Phase approach from 2010 to 2022.

JNNSM: THREE PHASE APPROACH

INCENTIVES UNDER JAWAHAR LAL NEHRU NATIONAL SOLAR MISSION

100% Foreign Direct Investment Zero Customs & Excise Duties on solar cells, modules and many raw materials and grid power projects5% Customs and Excise duty on many other raw materials, componentsTax - holiday for (i) setting up units in backward and specified areas; and (ii) grid power projects80% accelerated depreciation in the first year for certain capital investmentsIncentives to establish SEZ for Solar Manufacturing ParksGrant for carrying out research and development and technology validation projectsExemption from Environmental Clearance for Solar Projects.

SETTING UP OF SOLAR PARKS

Ministry of New & Renewable Energy (MNRE) has initiated a scheme for setting up of 25 Solar Parks, each with the capacity of 500 MW and above, to be developed in next 5 years in various States.

Minister further stated that the estimated cost for development of solar park would be around Rs.0.95 Cr./MW.

States which have sent written request for setting up Solar Power Park/Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects are given below:

SETTING UP OF SOLAR PARKS

S NoStateCapacity of Solar Park (approx)Land Identified at1Gujarat750 MWTaluka- Vav, Distt.-Banaskantha2Madhya Pradesh750 MW +750 MWRewa-Distt.3Telangana1000 MWMehboob Nagar-Distt.4Andhra Pradesh2500 MWAnantpur-Distt, Kadapa andKurnool5Karnataka1000 MWMulwar, Bijapur (near Kargi)6Uttar Pradesh600 MWDistrict-Jalaun, Sonbhadra and Allahabad7Meghalaya50 MWUniversity of Science andTechnology, 9thMile, nearGuwahati, Meghalaya8Jammu & Kashmir7500 MWLeh and Kargil9Punjab1000 MW +1000 MWDistrict-wise land identified

SETTING UP OF SOLAR PARKS

S NoStateCapacity of Solar Park (approx)Land Identified at10Rajasthani. Bhadla Phase-IIii. Bhadla Phase-IIIiii. Jaisalmer ParkPhase-Iiv. Jaisalmer ParkPhase-II700 MW

1000 MW

1000 MW

1000 MW

District - Bhadla and Jaisalmer11Tamil Nadu500 MWLocation yet to be identified12Odhisa1000 MWLocation yet to be identifiedTotal22,100 MW

INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS

National Institute of Solar Energy (NISE): It is an autonomous institution of Ministry of New & Renewable Energy. It facilitates research, design, development, manufacture and deployment of new and renewable energy systems/devices for transportation, portable and stationary applications in rural, urban, industrial and commercial sectors

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA): It is a Non-Banking Financial Institution under the administrative control of this Ministry for providing term loans for renewable energy and energy efficiency projects.

Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI): It is a not-for-profit company under the administrative control of the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy

Roof top PV Potential in India According to 2011 Census India has:330 million houses166 million electrified houses76 million houses use kerosene for lighting1.08 million houses use solar for lighting140 million houses with proper roof (Concrete or Asbestos / metal sheet)130 million houses having > 2 roomsAverage houses can accommodate 1-3 kWp of solar PV systemLarge commercial roofs can accommodate larger capacitiesAs a conservative estimate, about 25 GW capacity can be accommodated on roofs of buildings having > 2 rooms alone (considering 20% roofs are available/suitable)

Rooftop PV Programmes under JNNSM Small scale rooftop PV systems Size: less than 100 kWp Implemented through MNRE Channel PartnersGenerally in off grid modeLarge scale rooftop PV schemeSize: 100 to 500 kWp grid-connected systems (without battery back up)Implemented through SECI through a process of competitive bidding3 Phases announced; Phase I: 5.5 MW (4 cities); Phase II: 11.3 MW (6 cities); Phase III: 10 MW (9 cities) more to comePossible locations include public buildings, hospitals, educational institutions, warehouses etc.

*Palatana (1)Kolkata (1)Bhubaneswar (1)Chennai (4)Coimbatore (1)Bangalore (2)Mumbai (1)Pune (1)Gwalior (1)Chandigarh (1)Jaipur (3.25)New Delhi (2)Gurgaon (2)Noida/Greater Noida (1.5)Raipur (2.05)Hyderabad (2)MNREs Large-scale Rooftop PV Scheme

INDIAN PV INDUSTRY

More than 90 companies, with installed capacity of over 1.8 GW make PV modules

20 companies manufacture solar cells (> 700 MW installed capacity)

Manufacturing of various raw materials, components, devices and systems is coming up/expanding (Poly silicon, wafers, glass, EVA, back sheet, grid inverters, off-grid BoS, structures etc.)

Production capacity of 3-5 GWp likely by 2020

RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN PV

Focus on development of materials and devices with long-term perspectiveOutcome of the research should lead to (i) improvements in the efficiencies, (ii) reduction in the material and energy consumption during manufacturing, (iii) improving the reliability, quality and life expectancy of system components

Applied Research on existing processes and developing new technologies

Involve industry in research and technology validation of materials, components and systems

International collaborations institutional/industrial

RECENT INITIATIVES IN PV TECHNOLOGY

Development of poly silicon material (Maharishi Solar)20 -22% efficiency single crystal silicon cells (IIT-Mumbai)10 12% efficiency nano crystalline thin film modules(IACS-Kolkata, HHV-Bangalore, NPL-New Delhi, BES University,-Howrah)12- 15% efficiency CIGS cells (Moser Baer. NPL, KIIT University)10- 12 % efficiency Dye sensitized cells (Amrita Nano Centre, IIT-Kanpur)6% efficiency organic-inorganic hetero junction cells (IIT-Delhi, Delhi University)

CONCLUSION

Indian policies have created investment friendly market in the country for entire range of activities announced under the Mission.

India centric R&D and local manufacturing is necessary to reduce the cost of achieving Solar Targets.

Partnerships necessary with global stakeholders

India to be a major global player in PV technology

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