Potential Economic Benefits of Configuring Superconducting Technologies in the Florida Grid

EUCAS 2003

supported by the US Office of Naval Research

Tim Lynch & Justin SchwartzCenter for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS)Florida State University - Tallahassee, Florida

Outline

Center for Advanced Power Systems Electrical grid problems Superconducting technologies – potential benefits Case study: Potential value of Superconducting technologies to Florida

Center for Advanced Power Systems at Florida State University

Center for Advanced Power Systems (CAPS) is an outgrowth from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory

Established ~2001; Occupied new building in January 2003

Mission is R&D and Systems Engineering of new technologies for electric power systems

Real-time simulations with hardware-in-the-loop

Systems testing & development (AMSC motor; LTS SMES, HTS transformer)

Critical materials R&D for systems (e.g., AC losses and electromechanical behavior of HTS materials)

Primary funding from Office of Naval Research for all-electric ship program

Assessing the Problem

Demand for electricity has increased significantly and will continue into the future. US and Florida electricity infrastructure needs modernization.Deregulation has slowed transmission investment across the US. The result is congestion and a growing number of costly blackouts.

Historical & Projected World Energy Usage & Population

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1950 2000 2020 2050

Population(Billions)

ElectricityConsumption(trillion kWh)

From: Electricity Technology Roadmap: 1999 Summary and Synthesis, (1999).

2003 North East Blackout:OOPS!!

What was the cost of the great 2003 North East Blackout?

Initial estimates suggest that total Initial estimates suggest that total costs exceedcosts exceed $6 to $30 billion$6 to $30 billion (Includes individual & business losses) (Includes individual & business losses)

Ref: Associated Press: Aug 20, 2003Ref: Associated Press: Aug 20, 2003

Under-investment in the US Electric Transmission Grid

• Attention to future needs of the US grid is insufficient– 94% of outages attributed to poor distribution– Demand estimated to increase by 9% through 2004;

only a 3% transmission increase is planned– No major new investments in the last 15 years– Majority of transmission lines are over 20 years old– Average transmission project payback is 28.5 year– $2 billion annually spent on new transmission lines in

1998… down by 33% from 1990

Source: Edison Electric Institute

What Types of Superconducting Equipment Can Help Us?

Underground transmission cables Fault current limiters Transformers Motors SMES, Generators, etc.

Expected Benefits of Superconducting Power Equipment

Decreased equipment size and weight drives interest in the US Navy

Improved stability, reliability, and power quality, efficiency deferred investment in new electricity generation plant

Flexible electricity dispatch and load management

Increased power transmission over existing rights-of-way

Removal of existing pollution factors including: soil and water contamination from oil leaks & decreased emission

Other…

Civilian Impact of CAPS Superconductivity Applications

Utilities• Higher density transmission uses & higher

economic productivity• Reduced environmental impact

Industrial More cost effective industrial processes:

• Manufacturing & energy production • Electrical storage, transmission and expansion

TransportationMore cost effective electrical transportation:• High Speed Rail & MAGLEV technologies • Electric car / bus• Ship

Advantages of Superconducting Underground Transmission Cables

1.4 acres per mile right of way versus 14 acres for conventional cableNo property devaluationNo environmental degradationLarger current with lower resistive losses Fewer citizen resistance & protests

Advantages of Superconducting Fault Current Limiters

Detects surges of power and redirects it to superconducting coils where it is absorbed at a considerably higher ratio than non superconducting controllersRequires minimal maintenanceAllows utilities to increase line power capacity

Advantages of Superconducting Transformers

30% reduction in total losses45% reduction in weight20%* reduction in cost of ownershipExtended overload capacityNo fire or environmental problems associated with insulating oil

* These advantages are based on a 100 MVA transformer with HTS wire providing a critical current density of 10 kA/cm2 and AC losses of 0.25 mW/A-m in a parallel field of 0.1 tesla. Source: ASI,2003.

Advantages of Superconducting Motors

Increased machine efficiencyAs much as 50% reduction in total lossesSmaller in sizeLower life cycle costs

Benefits of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES)

High Performance

Improved Power Quality

Ease of Installation

Flexibility

Lower Cost Option

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LINE COSTLINE MILES

Growth in Florida Electrical Transmission Line Miles and Statewide Costs

Cost

Line Miles

Florida Transmission Grid 115 & 230 & 500 kV Lines

Areas of potential transmission constraints

Potential Superconducting Technologies Economic Gains to the Florida and US Economy

Potential for greater economic productivity from investing in HTS in the Florida grid.

Total economic losses from the North East Black out – losses from lack of investments in the grid.

Net annual employment increase of 9,889, for 2006 through 2025 (With the 2.5% growth rate). Florida GRP will annually increase by $500 million for 2006 through 2025. Real disposable income will annually increase by $300 million for 2006 through 2025.

Source: CEFA/FSU, Governor’s 2020 Energy Task Force Report (see www.cefa.fsu.edu)

Results of Growth in Economic Productivity from Use of Superconducting Technologies in Florida

Loss in employment of 763,188 jobs.

Drop in wages and other earnings of $32.5 billion.

Reduction in Gross Regional Product of $52 billion.

* Simulated with the IMPLAN Economic Impact Model, CEFA/FSU, Sept 2003)

Estimated Economic Losses from the North East Blackout Simulated for the US Electrical Grid and Economy*

Conclusions

Shortfalls in investment in the US electrical grid result in very costly economic and other losses. CAPS research on Superconducting technologies hold considerable promise for commercial applications.Deployment of these technologies hold promise to:

Increase economic productivity Reduce economic disruption and associated economic and other losses regionally and nationally.